Abstract: A technique enables a surveying device to acquire a direction of a target by using as little extra hardware as possible. A method aims a laser scanner, as a surveying device, at a reflective prism that is a target. The method includes obtaining a photographic image of the laser scanner that is captured by a smartphone from the reflective prism side and determining a direction of the reflective prism as seen from the laser scanner on the basis of the photographic image. The method also includes rotating the laser scanner to make the laser scanner face the reflective prism straight on, on the basis of the direction of the reflective prism as seen from the laser scanner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical navigation marker device (1; 2; 3) comprising a light reflector, characterised in that the reflector features a marker pattern (11, 12, 13; 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 27, 28; 34, 37; 35, 37) having the following features:—the marker pattern (11, 12, 13; 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 27, 28; 34, 37; 35, 37) points in more than one spatial direction; —the marker pattern (11, 12, 13; 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 27, 28; 34, 37; 35, 37) comprises at least one moire pattern (11, 12, 13; 27; 37) which points in more than one spatial direction; and—the marker pattern (11, 12, 13; 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 27, 28; 34, 37; 35, 37) comprises a face identification pattern (14, 15, 16; 25, 26; 34; 35) which identifies the face of the marker being viewed from a particular spatial direction.

Abstract: The method of aligning a cylindrical lens in a lens assembly includes attaching the cylindrical lens to a lens fixture and interfacing the lens fixture to a support structure in which the cylindrical lens can be placed in a frontwards and backwards orientation. The method also includes capturing respective first and second line images of respective first and second focus lines as formed by the cylindrical lens in the forwards and backwards orientations. The method further includes establishing a relative orientation of the first and second line images and using the established relative orientation to determine an amount of angular misalignment of the cylindrical lens relative to a reference direction provided by the support structure. The method can include rotating the cylindrical lens relative to the lens fixture to reduce the amount of angular misalignment to be within an angular alignment tolerance.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a reference plate for calibrating and/or checking a deflectometry sensor system, said deflectometry sensor system including an image generation device and a capturing device having at least one capturing element, wherein the reference plate includes a reflective surface, and wherein, for the purpose of checking at least one system parameter of said deflectometry sensor system, the reflective surface is provided with a predefined pattern including markings. A corresponding method for calibrating and/or checking a deflectometry sensor system is moreover indicated.

Abstract: A new generation online e-commerce and networking system is disclosed. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the system is based at least on: 1) a new digital model of meeting individuals' work and life needs and integrating entities' processes to create large online networks that centralize individuals' siloed and distributed data in the Internet and business systems; and 2) a disruptive and innovative advertising model of associating online advertisements with goods services, activities, and incentives that meet users' needs to allow users to solicit or request sponsorships so as to significantly improve online advertising response rates, increase membership reach rates of websites, and at the same time, act as a digital nerve or blood system to seamlessly connect Internet web applications and business systems.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention relate to a laser tracker for determining the position of a target, comprising a beam source for generating measurement radiation; a base; a beam deflection unit which can pivot with respect to the base ?4° C. about two axes in a motorized manner, for the emission and alignment of the measurement radiation and to capture at least one part of the measurement radiation reflected onto the target; a first position-sensitive surface detector and an evaluation and control unit for determining a point of impact of the reflected measurement on the surface detector for generating an output signal in order to determine the position of said target. Said laser tracker also comprises a calibration device for use with a self calibrating function to determine the calibration parameters thereof with respect to a position and/or direction of the measurement radiation.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an integrated circuit comprising a standard cell, the standard cell comprising: first and second active regions having different conductivity types and extending in a first direction; first, second, and third conductive lines extending over the first and second active regions in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and disposed parallel to each other; and a cutting layer extending in the first direction between the first and second active regions and separating the first conductive line into a first upper conductive line and a first lower conductive line, the second conductive line into a second upper conductive line and a second lower conductive line, and the third conductive line into a third upper conductive line and a third lower conductive line; wherein: the first upper conductive line and the third lower conductive line are electrically connected together; and the second upper conductive line and the second lower conductive line are electrically c

Abstract: A system and method for aiming and alignment of a shell firing weapon includes a portable aiming unit that may be located in close proximity to the weapon that includes a reference head for emitting and/or receiving at least one energy ray. The portable aiming unit can be aligned to a reference azimuth, either absolute or relative. A sighting unit is also included in the system and removably mounted to the weapon. The sighting unit includes a reference head that is complementary to the reference head of the portable aiming unit. The at least one energy ray established between the portable aiming unit and the sighting unit provides an accurate relative reference of directing the weapons fire and monitoring linear and angular displacement of the weapon as it is fired so that corrections can be made in aiming the weapon in response thereto.

Abstract: A spherically mounted retroreflector (SMR) includes a substrate, an optic, and an adhesive. The substrate has a partially spherical outer surface and a cavity, the partially spherical outer surface has a sphere center. The optic has a cube-corner retroreflector fixedly disposed within the cavity; the cube-corner retroreflector has an optical vertex. The adhesive is disposed between the optic and the substrate and fixedly adheres the optic to the substrate. The optical vertex is coincident with the sphere center. The substrate is made from a ferromagnetic material and has an electroless nickel outer coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for photometrically or spectrometrically examining a liquid sample (2), comprising a cuvette (3, 3?), which can be arranged in the beam path between a radiation source (4) and a radiation detector (5) and which accommodates the liquid sample (2) to be examined, a radiolucent inlet section (6) for coupling in radiation (20) produced by means of the radiation source (4), which radiation interacts with a sample volume (8), and a radiolucent outlet section (7) for coupling out radiation (20?) intended to be detected in the radiation detector (5), wherein the inlet section (6) has an inlet surface (11) convexly curved in such a way and/or the outlet section (7) has an outlet surface (12, 12?) spherically convexly curved in such a way that the incident radiation (20, 20?) is focused in the manner of a converging lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for photometrically or spectrometrically examining a liquid sample (2), comprising a cuvette (3, 3?), which can be arranged in the beam path between a radiation source (4) and a radiation detector (5) and which accommodates the liquid sample (2) to be examined, a radiolucent inlet section (6) for coupling in radiation (20) produced by means of the radiation source (4), which radiation interacts with a sample volume (8), and a radiolucent outlet section (7) for coupling out radiation (20?) intended to be detected in the radiation detector (5), wherein the inlet section (6) has an inlet surface (11) convexly curved in such a way and/or the outlet section (7) has an outlet surface (12, 12?) spherically convexly curved in such a way that the incident radiation (20, 20?) is focused in the manner of a converging lens.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring an elevator hoistway, includes at least one or more laser aligners and a measuring element. The measuring element is provided with an essentially long handle for extending the measuring element into the laser beams transmitted by the laser aligners.

Abstract: A surveying apparatus includes a support structure and a reflective surface mechanically coupled to the support structure. The reflective surface is configured to receive panoramic data over a 360° field of view. The surveying apparatus also includes an optical system mechanically coupled to the support structure and optically coupled to the reflective surface. The surveying apparatus further includes an imaging system mechanically coupled to the support structure and optically coupled to the optical system and a processor. The processor is configured to receive data from the imaging system and compute an angular measurement based on the received data.

Abstract: A laser collimator for collimating optical elements of a viewing device, such as a telescope. The laser collimator includes three or more lasers positioned on a plane in front of the optical elements of the viewing device for generating three or more respective incident laser beams directed towards the optical elements to simulate a large aperture coherent light; a reflecting mirror positioned at an eyepiece of the viewing device for reflecting the three or more incident laser beams; and a target display on the same plane or a plane parallel to the plane on which the three or more lasers are positioned for displaying the three or more incident laser beams reflected from the reflecting mirror and the optical elements of the viewing device, as three or more respective dots.

Abstract: A degradation in throughput is prevented even in cases where it is necessary to reduce a pixel size during inspection according to a finer circuit pattern. In an inspection method and an inspection apparatus in which an inspected sample having a circuit pattern is irradiated with a charged particle beam to generate a signal, an image is obtained from the signal, and in which a defect of the circuit pattern is detected from the image, the inspection is performed while an inspected pixel size in a direction in which the charged particle beam is scanned relative to the inspected sample and an inspected pixel size in a stage moving direction are separately set. The stage is moved while the inspected sample is placed thereon.

Abstract: A technique that makes it possible to suppress a crystal defect produced in an active area and thereby reduce the fraction defective of semiconductor devices is provided. A first embodiment relates to the planar configuration of SRAM. One of the features of the first embodiment is as illustrated in FIG. 4. That is, on the precondition that the active areas in n-channel MISFET formation regions are all configured in the isolated structure: the width of the terminal sections is made larger than the width of the central parts of the active areas. For example, the terminal sections are formed in an L shape.

Abstract: A system for measuring angles includes a housing and an imaging device disposed in the housing. The system also includes a first optical element disposed in the housing and configured to receive light propagating from a first target along a first optical path and direct the light toward the imaging device and receive light propagating from a second target along a second optical path and direct the light toward the imaging device. The system further includes a processor in electrical communication with the imaging device and configured to receive data from the imaging device, compute a 360° angular map based on the received data, and determine an angular separation between the first target and the second target.

Abstract: A projector is provided which includes a distance measuring unit which can accurately measure distances to a plurality of points on a surface of a screen using light rays. The projector of the invention has the distance measuring unit for measuring distances to the plurality of points on the surface of the screen, which includes a plurality of light ray units for irradiating light rays onto the screen and one light receiving element for receiving the light rays which are reflected on the surface of the screen, and a tilt angle calculation unit for calculating a tilt angle of the screen relative to the projector based on the distances to the plurality of points on the surface of the screen which are measured by the distance measuring unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor memory device capable of realizing reduction in an SRAM unit cell area. Using as a standard configuration a parallel-type SRAM unit cell having each pair of load transistors, driver transistors and transfer transistors, all or a part of the gate electrodes and active regions configuring at least any one of the pairs of the transistors, for example, the pair of the transfer transistors are configured obliquely in a predetermined direction from the standard configuration. As a result, a size in a cell outside part including the driver transistor and the transfer transistor is reduced. At the same time, a distance between the load transistors in the central part is reduced as compared with that in the standard configuration. Thus, area reduction in the whole SRAM unit cell is realized.

Abstract: A delay interferometer and a demodulator including the delay interferometer and a balanced photodetector are provided. A half mirror splits an optical signal into first and second split beams of light which travel on first and second optical paths, respectively. A first reflector being disposed on the first optical path reflects the first split beam of light toward the half mirror. The second reflector being disposed on the second optical path reflects the second split beam of light toward the half mirror. At least one phase compensator being disposed between the half mirror and at least one of the first and second reflectors includes a medium that exhibits thermooptic effect and has temperature dependency of refractive index. The half mirror couples the first and second split beams of light to generate at least first and second coupled beams of light.

Abstract: An angle measurement device includes a light source configured to emit light along an optical path and a patterned member positioned along the optical path and configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. The patterned member includes a periodic optical variation. Light passing through the patterned member provides a spatially modulated optical waveform. The angle measurement device also includes an imaging device positioned along the optical path and including a plurality of photosensitive elements disposed in an array configuration. The imaging device is configured to receive the spatially modulated optical waveform and provide a signal associated with light intensity at each of the plurality of photosensitive elements. The angle measurement device further includes an angle determination unit coupled to the imaging device and configured to compute a rotation angle of the patterned member based on a reference waveform and the provided signal.

Abstract: An angle measurement device includes a light source configured to emit light along an optical path and a patterned member positioned along the optical path and configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. The patterned member includes a periodic optical variation. Light passing through the patterned member provides a spatially modulated optical waveform. The angle measurement device also includes an imaging device positioned along the optical path and including a plurality of photosensitive elements disposed in an array configuration. The imaging device is configured to receive the spatially modulated optical waveform and provide a signal associated with light intensity at each of the plurality of photosensitive elements. The angle measurement device further includes an angle determination unit coupled to the imaging device and configured to compute a rotation angle of the patterned member based on a reference waveform and the provided signal.

Abstract: A self-compensating laser tracker may include a frame assembly including a laser, and at least two-embedded, non-moveable, reflecting members; and a rotatable mirror. The laser and the mirror are arranged such that a laser beam emitted from the laser may be reflected by the mirror. One of the at least two reflecting members may be a cube corner retroreflector and a second of the at least two reflecting members may be a frame assembly mirror. The cube corner retroreflector and the frame assembly mirror may be fixed in position on the frame assembly relative to the rotatable payload and relative to each other, and are structured to reflect the laser beam in a frontsight mode and a backsight mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a patient during radiation therapy includes a treatment table that is pivotable about a horizontal axis, and a laser measurement system which is designed to indicate a non-horizontal orientation of the treatment table to be adopted during the radiation therapy.

Abstract: A self-compensating laser tracker may include a frame assembly including a laser, and at least two-embedded, non-moveable, reflecting members; and a rotatable mirror. The laser and the mirror are arranged such that a laser beam emitted from the laser may be reflected by the mirror. One of the at least two reflecting members may be a cube corner retroreflector and a second of the at least two reflecting members may be a frame assembly mirror. The cube corner retroreflector and the frame assembly mirror may be fixed in position on the frame assembly relative to the rotatable payload and relative to each other, and are structured to reflect the laser beam in a frontsight mode and a backsight mode.

Abstract: A target plate (Z) according to the invention for positioning components, in particular pipes (R1, R2), has a holographic optical element as a holographic diffusor. By means of the diffusor, radiation striking the target plate (Z) in the form of a reference beam (RS) can be guided very accurately and virtually without loss into a defined solid angle region (d?). Furthermore, the diffusor may have stochastically distributed structures and thus illuminate the solid angle region (d?) homogeneously. By means of the target plate (Z), the visibility of the incident reference beam (RS) is increased, and the reference beam (RS) can also be detected independently of position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating a coordinate measurement machine is provided, which may be a laser-based coordinate measurement machine, laser tracker, or other coordinate measurement device. In one exemplary method, such compensation comprises self-compensation of payload parameters by means of embedded tracker targets. In another exemplary embodiment, such compensation comprises self-compensation of payload, azimuth-post, axis, or R0 parameters by means of embedded temperature sensors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating a coordinate measurement machine is provided, which may be a laser-based coordinate measurement machine, laser tracker, or other coordinate measurement device. In one exemplary method, such compensation comprises self-compensation of payload parameters by means of embedded tracker targets. In another exemplary embodiment, such compensation comprises self-compensation of payload, azimuth-post, axis, or R0 parameters by means of embedded temperature sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the contactless measurement of angles or angle modifications, distances or lateral displacements in objects. According to said method, an aperture is transilluminated by means of a ray bundle and after being reflected by a distant reflective element, which generates or is subjected to the angles, angle modifications or lateral displacements that are to be measured, is projected onto a detector surface by an optical system. The image of the aperture on the detector surface is captured, the position of the aperture image is determined in relation to a reference point on the detector surface and the measured value of the angle modification or lateral displacement is calculated using the distance of the centre of the image from the reference point. The invention also relates to an angle or height measuring device.

Abstract: An alignment device for aligning guiding apparatus with the main axis of a rolling mill comprising a camera and a video display communicating with the camera. The camera is mounted in the steel mill at the position of the guiding apparatus and the camera is moved until it is on the axis of the mill. The camera is then removed to a bench which duplicates the physical characteristics of the mill. The guiding apparatus is mounted on the bench adjacent the camera. The guiding apparatus is physically moved until it is located on the camera axis, which is the mill axis. The guiding apparatus is then remounted in the mill.

Abstract: A device reader having a multiplex illuminator, the illuminator, and methods for reading deflection of a large number of microcantilevers are provided. The illuminator includes a micro-optical subassembly for illuminating cantilevers (illuminator) that uses a plurality of VCSELs for generating an array of electromagnetic beams, and focuses the beams on the cantilevers. Deflection of the cantilevers causes a change in angle of the beams reflected from the cantilevers, which is recorded by a plurality of position sensitive devices.

Abstract: The apparatus for normalization of a drilling tool to a work surface includes a light source, a beam splitter, and a screen. The beam splitter directs and the screen receives at least a portion of the light reflected off of the work surface. When the received light is located in a predetermined portion of the screen, then the drilling tool is normal to the work surface. The method for normalization of a drilling tool to a work surface includes positioning the drilling tool proximate the work surface, transmitting light toward the work surface, creating an image of the light that has reflected off of the work surface upon a screen, thereby permitting the orientation of the drilling tool to be adjusted until the image of the reflected light is located in a predetermined portion of the screen that is indicative of proper alignment.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting an optical component has a reference beam unit for emitting a reference laser beam L whose optical axis has established, and an optical axis unit detecting the optical axis and focal point of a reflected beam La from a parabolic mirror to which the reference laser beam L is applied. The optical axis unit comprises first and second pinhole plates spaced a given distance from each other and having respective small holes defined therein.

Abstract: For detection of the inclination of the normal of a measurement-subject article, an auto-collimator applies a laser beam from a light source onto the measurement-subject article. Then, the return light reflected back from the measurement-subject article is concentrated by a convex lens. Further the return light is converted to parallel light by a concave lens and then projected onto a first screen. The auto-collimator is provided with a beam splitter provided between the convex lens and the concave lens for splitting off a portion of the return light traveling back from the measurement-subject article, and a coarse-adjustment verification screen for showing the split-off light split off from the return light by the beam splitter.

Abstract: A portable laser system includes a laser unit and a target unit for measuring the length of a series of pipe assemblies. Either the laser unit or the target unit engages a threaded coupling at one end of the pipe assembly and the other unit engages external pipe threads at an opposite end of the pipe assembly. The laser unit includes a resident memory (i.e., the memory moves with the laser unit), so that the laser system can read the length of more than one pipe assembly before downloading the readings to a computer. The computer then compiles the readings in groups of twenty and calculates an anticipated overall length if the pipe assemblies were interconnected as a string of pipes.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for controlling an optical switch array based on local and global optical monitoring and feedback controls. Each optical switch element includes a local optical monitoring mechanism to form a local feedback control to lock the switch element at a desired orientation. The global optical monitoring is used to adjust at least one switch element in the path of the signal beam to maintain an overall alignment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous-zoom imaging device of an interferometer. Reflected lights of a reference plane and a test plane interfere with each other to generate an interference pattern. A collimation device converts a parallel light of the interference pattern into a convergent light. An optical path adjustment means guides the light to a polarizing beam splitter. A continuous-zoom device adjusts the magnification ratio of the interference pattern on the imaging passageway and to output an object image, which is then imaged on a charge-coupled device. The present invention can improve the quality of the interference pattern without using any rotating diffuser, and thus has the characteristics of reduced number of components, lowered cost, and shrunk volume. Besides, the present invention can utilize a joint device to connect the continuous-zoom device and an attenuator so as to achieve automatic light adjustment and convenient operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting an optical component has a reference beam unit (10) for emitting a reference laser beam L whose optical axis has established, and an optical axis unit (70) detecting the optical axis and focal point of a reflected beam La from a parabolic mirror (222) to which the reference laser beam L is applied. The optical axis unit (70) comprises first and second pinhole plates (74, 76) spaced a given distance from each other and having respective small holes (80, 90) defined therein.

Abstract: The apparatus for normalization of a drilling tool to a work surface includes a light source, a beam splitter, and a screen. The beam splitter directs and the screen receives at least a portion of the light reflected off of the work surface. When the received light is located in a predetermined portion of the screen, then the drilling tool is normal to the work surface. The method for normalization of a drilling tool to a work surface includes positioning the drilling tool proximate the work surface, transmitting light toward the work surface, creating an image of the light that has reflected off of the work surface upon a screen, thereby permitting the orientation of the drilling tool to be adjusted until the image of the reflected light is located in a predetermined portion of the screen that is indicative of proper alignment.

Abstract: A method for aligning an optical assembly, including the steps of emitting at least one beam from an emitter substantially along a first axis, disposing a cylindrical lens in said at least one beam to form at least one line image, wherein a longitudinal axis of said cylinder lens is substantially parallel to a second axis which is different from said first axis, displaying at least one vertical profile of said at least one line image, defocusing said at least one line image until a first peak and a second peak of said at least one profile are displayed and adjusting in a third axis which is different from said first axis and said second axis a position of said cylindrical lens relative to said emitter until said first peak and said second peak are symmetric.

Abstract: To detect the relative position of bodies, surfaces or the like, especially those on machines, there is an optoelectronic sensor. The latter reacts to incident light, for example, monochromatic laser light. The available receiving surface is however comparatively small for low-cost or pixel-oriented sensors. By making available a diffuser and a projecting objective lens in front of an optoelectronic sensor the usable receiving surface for incident light can be greatly increased. The diffuser or also the projecting objective lens can additionally be designed as a color filter and can be used to reduce the effects of outside light. A process is provided with which an especially accurate determination of the median point of the laser light spot incident on the target (optoelectronic sensor) can be achieved.

Abstract: A method and an instrument are provided for checking and adjusting the accuracy of an alignment device which transmits a collimated (e.g. laser) light beam that serves as an alignment reference. That beam generator defines a precise reference for purposes of alignment of various other forms of apparatus, often over great distance. The checking and adjusting instrument (which is totally passive) provided by this invention is precisely attached to the alignment device, temporarily, and receives the reference beam of light from the device. The instrument displays an indication of misalignment of the beam, and also aids in correcting same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotation amount detecting system for detecting a rotation amount of a deflection mirror, which is rotatable about an rotation axis, employed in an optical disc drive. The rotation amount detecting system is provided with a light emitting system that emits a light beam to the deflection mirror. The light beam has a line-like cross section extending in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis. Further, a detecting system is provided to receive the beam reflected by the deflection mirror and determines the rotation amount of the deflection mirror in accordance with the received beam.

Abstract: A system is provided for positioning a substrate having a surface required to be characterized with a contact angle measurement. The system includes a stage which supports the substrate and a dispenser assembly having a dispensing tip through which a liquid droplet having a preselected volume is dispensed onto the surface of the substrate. A first actuating mechanism moves the stage in response to first actuation signals and a second actuating mechanism which changes the vertical spacing between the dispensing tip and the surface of the substrate and dispenses the liquid droplet from the dispenser assembly in response to second actuation signals. A controller is connected to the actuating mechanisms and delivers the first and second actuation signals to the first and second actuating mechanisms, respectively, so as to place the liquid droplet at a predetermined location on the surface of the substrate for performing the contact angle measurement.

Abstract: Boresighting apparatus that includes a multispectral reflective collimator combined with an adjustable rhomboid reflector that allows boresighting of any wavelength sighting, pointing, aiming or rangefinding device disposed on a small arms weapon. The boresighting apparatus comprises a housing and a small arms weapon adapter for securing the housing to small arms weapons having different calibers. An illuminated or heated target is disposed in the housing for selectively providing an image of an illuminated or heated target pattern. A power source is coupled to the target for providing power to selectively illuminate or heat the target. An adjustment mechanism is provided for incrementally adjusting the optical location of the target and thus the location of the target pattern. A mirror, such as an off-axis parabolic mirror, is disposed to reflect the image of the illuminated or heated target pattern along a visual optical path.

Abstract: An instrument system to make settings and verify that the pupil of an eye of a wearer of a helmet designed to receive a piece of optoelectronic equipment itself having a pupil truly coincides with the wearer's pupil, wherein the instrument system includes first and second optical devices whose position with respect to the helmet is fixed, and a first screen and a second screen E.sub.1 and E.sub.2, each including a reference-marking test pattern, the position of the helmet with respect to the wearer being accurate only if the image of the wearer's eye through the first optical means and the image through the second optical means, of a target on which the wearer's line of view is fixed, are respectively well-positioned with respect to the test patterns of the screens E.sub.1 and E.sub.2. In the preferred embodiment, the screens E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are merged into a single screen E through an optical device partially common to the first and second optical devices.

Abstract: In a Laser Bevel Meter for measuring the angle of a bevel on a ski edge a laser beam reflects from a mirror mounted on a magnet. The mirror-magnet assembly is coupled to the ski edge and the reflected beam is coupled through a mirror tunnel to a calibrated diffuse readout screen. And according to the invention an accurate, quickly obtained measurement of the bevel angle is obtained along the length of the ski.

Abstract: A wafer tilt gauge includes a base support, structure for temporarily connecting a slotted apparatus for holding wafers to the base support, a light beam target connected to the base support, and a light beam source connected to the base support. The various components are positioned so that a light beam emitted from the light beam source will bounce off of a wafer disposed in a temporarily connected slotted apparatus and subsequently impinge upon the light beam target. Further, the base support is rockable, so that a first point of impingement can be obtained for a disposed wafer with the base support rocked into a first position and so that a second point of impingement can be obtained for a disposed wafer with the base support rocked into a second position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the facet angles of a gemstone includes structure for rotatably mounting a gemstone along the optical axis of the gemstone. A collimated beam of light is directed toward a facet of the gemstone, such that the facet reflects light. A scale is mounted parallel to and spaced apart from the gemstone optical axis. The scale includes indicia indicating angular measurements, such that the facet reflected light impinges on the scale. The location of the facet reflected light on the scale indicia indicates the angle of the facet.

Abstract: A self-compensating laser tracker may include a frame assembly including a laser, and at least two-embedded, non-moveable, reflecting members; and a rotatable mirror. The laser and the mirror are arranged such that a laser beam emitted from the laser may be reflected by the mirror. One of the at least two reflecting members may be a cube corner retroreflector and a second of the at least two reflecting members may be a frame assembly mirror. The cube corner retroreflector and the frame assembly mirror may be fixed in position on the frame assembly relative to the rotatable payload and relative to each other, and are structured to reflect the laser beam in a frontsight mode and a backsight mode.