Abstract: A plurality of projectors are positioned in spaced relationship about an object with a surface to be geometrically analyzed. The projectors have cooperating masks which project onto the object illuminated patterns that subdivide the object into predetermined sections. Each mask has a predetermined pattern of sections, and is applied in sequence. The masks are cooperatively advanced in the projectors, with a separate illuminating pattern prevailing on the object each time that the masks are advanced. The combinations of the patterns on the masks define closely-spaced sections subdividing the object. The patterns are coded so that each section is uniquely defined in coded form. Cameras having the entire object within their field of view, photograph the object each time a separate mask is applied.

Abstract: An eyepiece for use on a microscope when lengths and angles are to be measured. Two glass plates extending perpendicular to the optical axis of the eyepiece are spaced axially from each other to form between them a chamber containing a steel ball which is free to move, by gravity, to the lowest part of this chamber and which thus forms an artificial horizon. One of the glass plates, preferably the one farthest from the eye of the observer, is formed as a reticle, graduated with a diametrically extending linear scale and also with a circumferential series of radially extending angular graduations, read in conjunction with the steel ball to make the desired angular measurements.

Abstract: A device permitting the rapid and direct determination of red cell percentages in centrifuged blood samples comprised of a scale optically variable in length in combination with an adjustable holder for the blood containing capillary tube.

Abstract: A scope which is for viewing the internal surface of a bore or similar cavity and which includes a rod having a viewing end and an image transmitting end. The rod is formed of optically clear light transmitting material through which the internal surface of a bore or similar cavity at the image transmitting end of the rod is viewed from the viewing end of the rod. The transmitting end of the rod includes an optical surface paralleling the axis of the rod. A pair of circular gauging indicators are formed on the optical surface and are spaced a selected distance apart along the axial direction of the rod to permit a selected part of the internal surface of the bore to be viewed between the indicators for measuring purposes.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for controlling astigmatism during cataract surgery in which a microscope, having an eyepiece, a tube and an objective lens and having a magnification power of 100 times, is used which includes a length of suture material which is adapted to close a corneal incision and which is cylindrically shaped. The length of suture material has a plurality of parallel lines, which are spaced equally at very close distances in the range of 5,000 to 20,000 lines per inch and which are disposed orthogonally to the longitudinal axis on the cylindrical surface of said length of suture material. When the strain in the length of suture material is in the range of 0.1 percent to 10.0 percent, a reticule is disposed in the microscope adjacent to the objective lens thereof.

Abstract: A method of comparing circumferential shapes, particularly the outer circumference of a desired clearance wth the real clearance between obstacles arranged alongside a railway track, for example, signalling posts, overhead structures and quay walls, wherein from a point on the railway track, with the aid of field-glasses, in the viewing field of which is arranged an image of the outer circumference of the desired clearance made from a given distance, the real clearance is observed in the direction of length of the track at said given distance.