Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell that employs a capacitive counter electrode and a faradaic working electrode. The capacitive counter electrode reduces the amount of redox products generated at the counter electrode while enabling the working electrode to generate redox products. The electrochemical cell is useful for controlling the redox products generated and/or the timing of the redox product generation. The electrochemical cell is useful in assay methods, including those using electrochemiluminescence. The electrochemical cell can be combined with additional hardware to form instrumentation for assay methods.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the presence or amount of an analyte in a sample and includes the steps of contacting a faradaic working electrode to a solution comprising the optionally pre-processed sample and an electrolyte, contacting a capacitive counter electrode to the solution, supplying electrical energy between the faradaic working electrode and the capacitive counter electrode sufficient to provide for faradaic charge transfer at the faradaic working electrode, and measuring at least one of (i) light, (ii) current, (iii) voltage, and (iv) charge to determine the presence or amount of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: An interface for a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) includes an interface element coupled to a DRAM chip using a first attachment structure, a first portion of the first attachment structure being used to form a wide bandwidth, low speed, parallel interface, a second portion of the first attachment structure, a routing element and a through silicon via (TSV) associated with the DRAM chip being used to form a narrow bandwidth, high speed, serial interface, the interface element configured to convert parallel information to serial information and configured to convert serial information to parallel information.

Abstract: Following exposure to an external light source, determining: 1) the fertility of an avian egg by measuring the photon intensity (photons per second) of the egg's biophoton and luminescence; and 2) the gender of an avian egg by measuring the photon spectrum of the egg's biophoton emission and luminescence. The external light source is either an incandescent, fluorescent, LED, (pulsed or continuous wave) monochromatic or dichromatic laser light source. The detector of the photon intensity is either a low light sensing photomultiplier tube (PMT), silicon based photon counting sensor, or Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode detector. The detector of the photon spectrum is a spectrometer. Following exposure to the referenced light sources, fertile avian eggs will exhibit a higher intensity of photons than that of unfertilized avian eggs, and avian eggs of the female gender will emit a different spectrum of photons than will avian eggs of the male gender.

Abstract: An avian eggshell egg-check/crack detection system was developed to aide official egg graders. It includes an imaging system and a device to produce negative pressure in an egg chamber.

Abstract: A system for capturing and analyzing images of body features to identify treatments has a base unit with a processor and a display and an image management software component for presenting on the display a user interface to prompt a user to capture images in preselected locations on a body and to receive captured image data. The system has at least two light sources under control of the user interface that provide light following first and second light paths from the respective light sources to the plane of an imaging station, each light path having a significant portion of its light on the plane of the imaging station at a grazing angle of about ten to about thirty degrees. The first and second light paths when projected onto the plane of the imaging station intersect at an angle of at least sixty degrees. An image sensor receives light from the light sources that is reflected from the surface of a body feature located at the imaging station and produces pixel image data representing the body feature.

Abstract: A device (1) for inspecting objects with a substantially spherical surface, such as for example eggs or fruit, comprises optical observation means (8) for observing the objects. The device has a supporting surface (10) for supporting the objects. There is a light source for illuminating the objects. The device also comprises a box (2) with reflective walls (3a, 4b and 4a shown) which is positioned above the supporting surface (11). The light source and the observation means (8) are accommodated in the box (2). A plurality of objects can be placed next to one another on the supporting surface (10) and can be illuminated equally well.

Abstract: An apparatus for candling eggs includes a transmission system of a luminous flux directed towards the egg to be examined and located in its incubation rack a reception device of the luminous flux transmitted after passing through the mass of the egg, and an automatic analyzer of the recorded signals. The transmission system and the reception device are arranged in a vertical plane or a substantially vertical plane, one beneath the eggs to be examined and the other above the latter. A screen protects the transmission system against smears originating from the eggs in the incubation racks.

Abstract: An apparatus for candling eggs travelling along a path for the presence of blood, comprising a lightproof drum which is drivable for rotation around a fixed shaft and wherein detection means are accommodated, the drum having a number of light transmission openings which each have a bellows, the drum in operation having a rotational speed so that the ends of the bellows remote from the drum have a speed corresponding to the speed of travel of the eggs, the drum with the bellows being positioned relative to the path of travel so that in operation, each time during a part of the path of travel of the eggs, the bellows connect to an egg to be inspected, while the detection means are positioned in the drum so that they only receive light that falls into the drum via the egg which is to be inspected and to which the bellows connects, and via the light transmission opening associated with that bellows.

Abstract: In the grading of shell eggs passing in a stream through a candling bed, images of the eggs are compared with image data characteristic of eggs of known grade so as to assign a grade to each egg in the stream. Positional information representative of the movement of the eggs is combined with the assigned grade to control a mechanical egg routing device. Images of multiple egg streams may be multiplexed and processed together. The images may be Fourier transformed before comparison.

Abstract: A machine for candling articles, such as hatching-eggs, fed on a so-called hatching frame on which the eggs are disposed in juxtaposed rows, which machine comprises a plurality of light measuring systems each including a light source and a sensor. The light measuring systems are arranged in such an array that the articles to be each measured as they rest on the hatching-frame are shielded relative to each other by adjacent articles.

Abstract: An egg candling device comprising a partly open housing mounting guiding means for guiding a conveyor for conveying eggs in a plurality of side-by-side lanes, at least one reflector for each of said lanes, and at least one lamp disposed between said conveyor and said reflectors.