Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode; an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and at least one of an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound, and a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing a reducible electrochromic compound, wherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound, a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound, an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, and a reduction reaction of the reducible substance is irreversible.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel-tungsten-niobium-oxide (NiWNbO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.

Abstract: Multi-layer electrochromic structures, and processes for assembling such structures, incorporating a cross-linked ion conducting polymer layer that maintains high adhesive and cohesive strength in combination with high ionic conductivity for an extended period of time, the ion conducting polymer layer characterized by electrochemical stability at voltages between about 1.3 V and about 4.4 V relative to lithium, lithium ion conductivity of at least about 10?5 s/cm, and lap shear strength of at least 100 kPa, as measured at 1.27 mm/min in accordance with ASTM International standard D1002 or D3163.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel electrochromic device (ECD).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a color changing display includes a housing, a cover cooperatively coupled to the housing, a light panel, and a color display panel. The light panel and the color display panel are positioned between the housing and the cover. The light panel and the colored display panel are each selectively activated to operate in at least one of: a reflective mode, a transmissive mode, and a transflective mode.

Abstract: A tintable window is described having a tintable coating, e.g., an electrochromic device coating, for regulating light transmitted through the window. In some embodiments, the window has a transparent display in the window's viewable region. Transparent displays may be substantially transparent when not in use, or when the window is viewed in a direction facing away from the transparent display. Windows may have sensors for receiving user commands and/or for monitoring environmental conditions. Transparent displays can display graphical user interfaces to, e.g., control window functions. Windows, as described herein, offer an alternative display to conventional projectors, TVs, and monitors. Windows may also be configured to receive, transmit, or block wireless communications from passing through the window. A window control system may share computational resources between controllers (e.g., at different windows).

Abstract: A tintable window is described having a tintable coating, e.g., an electrochromic device coating, for regulating light transmitted through the window. In some embodiments, the window has a transparent display in the window's viewable region. Transparent displays may be substantially transparent when not in use, or when the window is viewed in a direction facing away from the transparent display. Windows may have sensors for receiving user commands and/or for monitoring environmental conditions. Transparent displays can display graphical user interfaces to, e.g., control window functions. Windows, as described herein, offer an alternative display to conventional projectors, TVs, and monitors. Windows may also be configured to receive, transmit, or block wireless communications from passing through the window. A window control system may share computational resources between controllers (e.g., at different windows).

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to a method of changing an optical state of an electrochromic film. The electrochromic film may have a plurality of optical states. The method may include selecting a desired state of the plurality of optical states; injecting electric charges into the electrochromic film; monitoring an amount of the electric charges injected into the electrochromic film; and stopping injecting the electric charges when the electric charges reaches a pre-set amount corresponding to the desired state.

Abstract: An optical device includes variable optical material that alters at least one of: incident ambient light, spectral content of incident ambient light or direction of incident ambient light through the optical device in response to a stimulus provided by the device. The device can sense intensity and/or spectral characteristics of ambient light and provide appropriate stimulus to various portions of the optical device to activate the variable optical material and alter at least one of: incident ambient light, spectral content of incident ambient light or direction of incident ambient light.

Abstract: An organic compound according to one embodiment of the present invention is an organic compound represented by general formula (1). Each of X1 and X2 is an alkyl group or the like that may have a substituent. Each of R11 to R18 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group that may have a substituent, or the like. Each of R21 and R22 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group that may have a substituent, or the like. A1? and A2? independently represent a monovalent anion, respectively.

Abstract: A multilayered structure that includes a light receiving section including at least one layer including a noble metal composition and a metal oxide composition, the light transducing section transducing the energy of photons received to the energy of electrons. The structure further includes a piezo composite amplifier layer comprising a piezo polymer matrix, a first dispersed phase of piezo nanoparticles and a second dispersed phase of carbon nanotubes. The piezo composite amplifier amplifying a signal from the energy of the electrons received from the light receiving section using piezo-electric effects. The nanostructure further includes an environmental interface layer for delivering the amplified signal received from the piezo composite amplifier layer to a biological environment.

Abstract: A planter apparatus is disclosed herein. The planter apparatus includes a growth chamber; a transmissivity-reducing window adjustable from a substantially opaque state to a substantially transparent state. The window can include a first transmissivity-reducing layer and a second transmissivity-reducing layer coupled to the first transmissivity-reducing layer, and at least a portion of the growth chamber is viewable through the window when the window is in the substantially transparent state. The planter apparatus includes a transmissivity controller for operating the window between the substantially opaque state and the substantially transparent state. For example, the first transmissivity-reducing layer can include a switching film and the second transmissivity-reducing layer can include a gel filter.

Abstract: A system and method of operating an electrochemical mirror for reversibly controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The mirror preferably includes a first electrode transmissive substrate which is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, a second electrode, and an electrolyte containing metal ions between the pair of electrodes. A first cathodic potential is applied across the electrodes to cause the metal ions from the electrolyte to electrodeposit a mirror film on the first electrode transmissive substrate. A second anodic potential is applied across the electrodes to oxidize and strip the metallic mirror film from the first electrode transmissive electrode. After a plurality of deposition and stripping cycles, a cleaning cycle is initiated to remove undissolved reflective material on the first electrode preferably by applying a third potential across the first and second electrodes which is increased to a fourth potential and then decreased back to the third potential.

Abstract: A method for the fabrication of h-WO3/WS2 core/shell nanowires and their use in flexible supercapacitor applications. The novel nanowire assemblies exhibit multifold advantages desired for high-performance supercapacitors, including superior material properties and electrode design. The material design principle can be extended to other material systems, implying its great potential for a variety of energy storage devices compatible with emerging flexible and wearable technologies.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically-insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically-insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In various embodiments, a counter electrode is fabricated to include a base anodically coloring material and one or more additives.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include a heterogeneous structure, for example a heterogeneous composition and/or morphology. Such heterogeneous anodically coloring layers can be used to better tune the properties of a device.

Abstract: An information presentation control apparatus includes a selection information obtainer and a presentation controller. The selection information obtainer obtains selection information representing a selection status of a plurality of recognizers that recognize different targets in surroundings of an autonomous vehicle. The presentation controller causes a presentation device mounted in the autonomous vehicle to present driving information in accordance with the selection information, the driving information being based on at least one of control that is executable by the autonomous vehicle and control that is not executable by the autonomous vehicle and being information about at least one of driving by an automated driving system of the autonomous vehicle and driving by a driver.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a plurality of pixels, each of the plurality of pixels including: a first sub-pixel configured to emit light of a first color; a second sub-pixel configured to emit light of a second color that is different from the first color; a third sub-pixel configured to emit light of a third color that is different from the first and second colors; and a transmission sub-pixel configured to selectively transmit external light in response to an electrical signal.

Abstract: An organic compound represented by General Formula (1), in which, in General Formula (1), R1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, X1 and X2 are each independently selected from an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and A1? and A2? each independently represent a monovalent anion.

Abstract: This invention is directed to photoluminescent compounds based on rhodamine dyes with green emission and uses thereof for photoluminescence based devices.

Abstract: A touch glasses-free grating 3D display device and manufacturing and control methods thereof. The touch glasses-free grating 3D display device includes a display panel and an electrochromic 3D glasses-free grating disposed on the display panel. The electrochromic 3D glasses-free grating includes a plurality of mutually parallel first grating electrodes, a plurality of mutually parallel second grating electrodes and an electrochromic material disposed between the plurality of mutually parallel first grating electrodes and the plurality of mutually parallel second grating electrodes. Both the plurality of first grating electrodes and the plurality of second grating electrodes are transparent conductive electrodes. The display panel is provided with or includes a plurality of touch electrodes which are intercrossed with and insulated from the plurality of first grating electrodes and the plurality of second grating electrodes.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of ?-conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

Abstract: An electrochromic composition has an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, in which the anodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [1] and the cathodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [2] In General Formula 1, A1 to A4 represent substituents, R1 and R2, and R20 and R21 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. n is an integer of 1 to 5. X represents a thiophene derivative and Y- represents an anion.

Abstract: An electrochromic device may be switchable between a transparent state and at least one reflective state. A lithium-containing reflective feature may form when the electrochromic device is switched from the transparent state to the reflective state. Various products and methods may involve the electrochromic device.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention discloses an electrochromic grating, a display panel and a display device. The electrochromic grating comprises: a cathode, a first electrochromic layer, an ion transport layer, a second electrochromic layer and an anode arranged in a stack: Under an effect of a same electric field, materials of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer have contrary light transmission properties in an oxidation state: and the materials of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer have contrary light transmission properties in a reduction state That is the material of the first electrochromic layer in the oxidation state is a dark state, and the material of the second electrochromic layer in the reduction state is a dark state. Or the material of the first electrochromic layer in the reduction state is a dark state, and the material of the second electrochromic layer in the oxidation state is a dark state.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device and a method for driving the electrochromic device, the electrochromic device including a first electrode, a first electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrochromic layer, and a second electrode which are laminated in sequence, at least one selected from among the group consisting of the first and second electrochromic layers and the electrolyte layer including scattering particles, and the electrochromic device further including an additional layer that contains the scattering particles and is disposed between the electrolyte layer and the first or second electrochromic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic light emitting diode and a method of manufacturing the same, the organic light emitting diode including: a light-transmitting substrate including a first region and a second region separated from the first region; a first lower electrode formed on the first region of the light-transmitting substrate and a second lower electrode formed on the second region thereof; a first organic thin film layer including a first emission material layer, formed on the first lower electrode of the first region, and a second organic thin film layer including a second emission material layer, formed on the second lower electrode of the second region; and a light-transmitting upper electrode formed on the first organic thin film layer and the second organic thin film layer and configured such that portions corresponding to the first region and the second region are connected to each other.

Abstract: A material capable of producing a sintered body of cubic system garnet type Li7La3Zr2O12 as a solid electrolyte having specified ion conductivity by firing at relatively low temperature in short time. The material for the solid electrolyte is an oxide containing Li, La, Zr and Bi, and the oxide has a cubic system garnet crystal structure where La sites are partly or entirely substituted by Bi.

Abstract: The following description relates to an electrochromic device including a carbon-based material and a viologen-based compound, a method for producing the electrochromic device, and use thereof. There is provided the electrochromic device including an active layer arranged between a first electrode and a second electrode, in which the active layer includes a carbon-based material and a viologen-based compound, and the carbon-based material and the viologen-based compound are bonded to each other through a non-covalent interaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved electro-optic rearview mirror elements and assemblies incorporating the same, including processes for making such elements and assemblies.

Abstract: Multi-layer electrochromic structures comprising an anodic electrochromic layer comprising a lithium nickel oxide composition on a first substrate, the anodic electrochromic layer comprising lithium, nickel and a Group 5 metal selected from niobium, tantalum and a combination thereof, wherein (i) the atomic ratio of lithium to the combined amount of nickel, niobium and tantalum in the anodic electrochromic layer is at least 0.4:1, respectively, (ii) the atomic ratio of the combined amount of niobium and tantalum to the combined amount of nickel, niobium and tantalum in the anodic electrochromic layer is at least about 0.025:1, respectively, and (iii) the anodic electrochromic layer exhibits an interplanar distance (d-spacing) of at least 2.5 ? as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), comprises at least 0.05 wt. % carbon, and/or has a coloration efficiency absolute value of at least 19 cm2/C.

Abstract: A cobalt oxide is disclosed and is represented by a chemical formula of Co1-yMyO2, wherein 0?y?0.9, and M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements, alkaline-earth metal elements, Group-13 elements, Group-14 elements, transition metal elements, and rare-earth elements. A composite of cobalt oxide includes a cobalt oxide and an aluminum phosphate layer coated on a surface of the cobalt oxide.

Abstract: Multi-layer devices comprising a layer of an electrochromic lithium nickel oxide composition on a first substrate, the lithium nickel oxide composition comprising lithium, nickel and a Group 5 metal selected from niobium, tantalum and a combination thereof.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device is described, comprising an EL material, an electrode and nanostructures. The nanostructures may form an interconnected network, and may be employed in the EL material and/or in the electrode. A second electrode is also described, wherein an electric field formed between the two electrodes excites phosphors in the EL material to produce light.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to electrochemical devices, such as electrochromic (EC) devices and thin film batteries (TFB), and in particular to anodes of electrochemical devices with improved intercalation and/or transport properties. Some embodiments of the invention include anodes, such as nickel oxide, doped with Si, Sn, SiO2 and/or SnO2, which may be in the form of nanoparticles or even substituted atoms/molecules. These nanoparticles/substituted atoms, which have higher lithium intercalation capability, distort the lattice of the anode, improving movement and intercalation of Li ions. In some other embodiments, the anode may be formed of silicon oxide and/or tin oxide, which materials have good transport and intercalation of Li ions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display element, including a display substrate, an opposed substrate that is opposed to the display substrate, an opposed electrode being formed at a display-substrate-opposed side of the opposed substrate, a first display electrode and a first electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the display substrate, a single porous film being formed between the display substrate and the opposed substrate, a second display electrode and a second electrochromic layer being laminated at a display-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, a third display electrode and a third electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, and an electrolyte being present between the display substrate and the opposed substrate.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device includes a display, a parallax barrier, a driver and a controller. The parallax barrier is placed in front of the display and includes a matrix of barrier blocks. The driver is electrically connected to the parallax barrier. The controller is in communication with the driver and controls the driver such that the barrier block in the i-th line and j-th column is switched on to a transparent state and the other barrier blocks are switched off to a nontransparent state, where i and j satisfy the following condition formulae: j=i+nk, i?N, and j?M, i and j are positive integers, n is an integer, k is a positive integer constant, N is the number of the lines of the barrier blocks, and M is the number of the columns of the barrier blocks.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device includes a barrier panel that includes a first barrier panel configured to partially reflect light, and a second barrier panel provided on the first barrier panel configured to partially absorb light. Each of the first barrier panel and the second barrier panel includes an electrochromic element and electrodes respectively provided on opposite surfaces of the electrochromic element.

Abstract: This invention discloses how electrooptic devices including electrochromic devices that can be fabricated as tags or labels; and further the materials used, device structures and how these can be processed by printing technologies and on flexible substrates. In addition, systems using displays of such devices and their integration with other components are described for forming labels and tags, etc, that may be actuated wirelessly or powered with low voltage and low capacity batteries.

Abstract: The disclosure includes producing a plastic lens with an antireflection film at a lower cost. The plastic lens is configured to include a plastic base material; and an antireflection film having an electrically conductive layer that is formed in contact with a surface of the plastic base material and that has colorless transparency, and an antireflection film main body that contains a metal oxide, formed on the electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods for creating monolithically integrated electrochromic devices which may be a flexible electrochromic device. Monolithic integration of thin film electrochromic devices may involve the electrical interconnection of multiple individual electrochromic devices through the creation of specific structures such as conductive pathway or insulating isolation trenches.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte for electrochromic devices, the substance comprising ?-butyrolactone (gamma-butyrolactone or GBL). The electrolyte may include polymethylmethacrylate. The electrolyte may further include a salt, such as a salt that includes lithium perchlorate or trifluorosulfonimide. In accordance with further aspects to the invention, the electrolyte may include propylene carbonate.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode plate using an ITO, and an electrochromic plate, an electrochromic mirror and a display device using the electrode plate, the electrode plate including a transparent electrode layer, a metal mesh pattern on the transparent electrode layer, an insulating layer provided in a space defined by an upper surface of the transparent electrode layer and the metal mesh pattern and between metal components of the metal mesh pattern, and a base substrate on the metal mesh pattern and the insulating layer.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a transflective electrochromic liquid crystal display device, comprising a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer and an electrochromic layer and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the electrochromic layer is located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The present invention can achieve a good display effect in each of a reflective mode and a transmissive mode; and production costs are low, and resolution and aperture ratio can be increased.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel electrochromic materials. The electrochromic materials produce various colors. The electrochromic materials can be used to form red electrochromic layers in a simple manner. Therefore, the electrochromic materials are suitable for use in the fabrication of RGB full-color electrochromic devices. Also disclosed herein are electrochromic devices fabricated using the electrochromic materials.

Abstract: An electrochromic material including a metal-organic framework including a metal, and an organic compound including a functional group, wherein the organic compound forms a coordination complex with the metal.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes an electrochromic display element including a display electrode, an electrochromic layer provided on the display electrode, an opposing electrode facing the display electrode, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the display electrode and the opposing electrode. The electrochromic display device further includes a switching element, and a electric storage element. The display electrode is connected with the opposing electrode by a power source or the electric storage element via the switching element, and when performing driving, part of electric charges, which are stored in the electrochromic display element, are applied for charging the electric storage element, or electric charges in the electric storage element that has been charged are used for driving the electrochromic display element.

Abstract: An electrochromic device including a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; a second substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; and an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes: at least one solvent; at least one anodic electroactive material; at least one cathodic electroactive material; wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and a creep resistant crosslinked polyelectrolyte gel matrix.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention include systems for reflective digital light processing (DLP). Embodiments include a light source, a plurality of optically reflective switching devices each having an optically reflective layer in contact with a substrate; a circuit means and power source; controller logic; a projection means; and a display means; wherein each of said plurality of devices is a capable of receiving light from said light source and thereafter reflecting said received light in direct response to a reflective state condition of said each device.