Abstract: An optical device includes an optical waveguide, a buffer layer that is layered on the optical waveguide, and an opening that is formed at least in the buffer layer above a part near a side surface of the optical waveguide. The optical device further includes an electrode that is layered in the opening and that is configured to apply a signal to the optical waveguide and a silicon layer that is layered on the buffer layer excluding the opening.

Abstract: A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure on a substrate includes a high refractive index layer comprising titanium oxide (TiO2) and a low refractive index layer having a high carbon region and at least one low carbon region that contacts the high refractive index layer. Multiple layers of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are stacked. Typically, the multiple layers of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are stacked to a thickness of less than 10 microns. Each of the respective layers of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer have a thickness of less than 0.2 microns.

Abstract: A reflective spatial light modulator includes an electro-optic crystal having an input surface to which input light is input and a rear surface opposing the input surface, a light input/output unit being disposed on the input surface of the electro-optic crystal and having a first electrode through which the input light is transmitted, a light reflection unit including a substrate including a plurality of second electrodes and an adhesive layer for fixing the substrate to the rear surface and being disposed on the rear surface of the electro-optic crystal, and a drive circuit applying an electric field between the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes.

Abstract: Metallic and dielectric domains in phase change materials (PCM) provide spatially localized changes in the local dielectric environment, enabling launching, reflection, and transmission of hyperbolic polaritons (HPs) at the PCM domain boundaries, and tuning the wavelength of HPs propagating in hyperbolic materials over these domains, providing a methodology for realizing planar, sub-diffractive refractive optics. This approach offers reconfigurable control of in-plane HP propagation to provide design optical functionality because the phase change material can be manipulated by changing the local structure, for example, to manipulate polaritons in the adjacent hyperbolic material, thus tuning the wave propagation properties of the polaritons in the hyperbolic material.

Abstract: Provided are an optical sensing system and an optical apparatus including the same. The optical sensing system may include a light output part configured to emit a laser beam to an object, and a sensing part configured to sense a laser beam emitted from the light output part and reflected from the object. The sensing part may include a photodetector and the active optical device located on an optical path between the photodetector and the object. The active optical device may actively control an orientation of a laser beam passing therethrough and may include a material layer having a refractive index which is changeable by application of an electrical signal.

Abstract: An integrated optical device includes a substrate. A waveguide includes a lithium niobate. A TiO2 coating is disposed at least in part over a longitudinal surface of the waveguide as a coated waveguide supported by the substrate. A silicon oxide substantially can cover and surround the waveguide in cross section over a longitudinal direction of said waveguide as an optical cladding. A method for substantially eliminating optical damage in lithium niobate devices is also described.

Abstract: A holder and at least one terminal element that are configured and arranged with respect to one another so as to form a cavity of length ?L bounded axially by two walls the relative position of which with respect to each other varies in the opposite direction to the variation in ambient temperature, an increase in temperature causing the walls to move closer together and vice versa. A linear structure incorporating the device sees its length decrease when temperature increases and vice versa. Electro-optical transducers comprising a piezoelectric actuator of linear structure that acts on the length of a segment of optical fiber that forms the laser source of the transducer, and having such a device incorporated into the actuator in order to compensate, by modifying the length of the segment of fiber, for the variations in wavelength induced in the laser by the variations in temperature.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a light emitting structure and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure disposed thereon. The light emitting structure includes an n-type confinement layer, an active layer disposed on the n-type confinement layer, and a p-type confinement layer disposed on the active layer opposite to the n-type confinement layer. The n-type and p-type confinement layers are disposed proximal and distal to the DBR structure, respectively. The DBR structure includes first to Nth DBR units. The first and Nth DBR units are disposed proximal and distal to the light emitting structure, respectively. Each of the first to Nth DBR units has a center reflection wavelength defined by ?+(z?1)?0.

Abstract: A flexible display device including a substrate with an active area having a bending portion and a flat portion, and a peripheral area surrounding the active area; a first emission unit located in the bending portion; a second emission unit located in the flat portion; a first protective layer covering the second emission unit; an optical stack covering the first emission unit and including two or more interfaces having a difference in an index of refraction of 0.1 or more; and a second protective layer covering the first protective layer and the optical stack together.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a 2D square-lattice PhC with rotated hollow square rods and rotated triangle rods comprising a high-refractive-index dielectric rod and a low-refractive-index background dielectric rod, and providing a 2D square-lattice PhC structure having a large absolute PBG relative value. The unit cell of the square-lattice PhC includes a high-refractive-index rotated hollow square rod, a high-refractive-index triangle rod and a low-refractive-index background dielectric, the hollow square rod has an outer contour being the first rotated square rod and a hollow part with a cross section being the second rotated square rod; the cross section of a high-refractive-index triangular rod is a right-angle triangle located at the hollow part of the square rod, the triangular rods are four right-angled triangular rods, the vertex connecting lines of four triangular rods form a third rotated square rod; the hypotenuse connecting lines of four triangular rods form a fourth rotated square rod.

Abstract: An optical modulation device configured of a planar optical waveguide, includes: a light incidence unit which allows light to be incident on the planar optical waveguide; a Mach-Zehnder interferometer which includes a first optical splitter section branching the light incident on the light incidence unit, two arm portions guiding the light branched by the first optical splitter section, a phase modulation unit linearly disposed on each of the two arm portions, and a first optical coupler section combining the light guided from the two arm portions; a light launching unit which launches the light combined by the first optical coupler section from the planar optical waveguide; and a traveling-wave electrode which includes an input unit and an output unit, and applies a voltage to the phase modulation unit.

Abstract: A first constant potential wiring that supplies a first constant potential to a scanning line drive circuit and a second constant potential wiring that supplies the first constant potential to a clock buffer circuit are electrically separated from each other.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes a light source to emit light, a photonic crystal to pass light of different wavelengths based on the light from the light source, and a projector to project the light passing through the photonic crystal. The photonic crystal may be electrically or mechanically controlled to pass the different wavelengths of light.

Abstract: A camouflage structure, capable of altering its appearance, comprises a camouflage graphic layer and a color-changing layer disposed on the camouflage graphic layer. Originally, the camouflage structure presents a first color state. After the color-changing layer changes the color by driving methods, the camouflage structure presents a second color state. For example, a transparent or semi-transparent color-changing layer able to reflect or emitting red light could be disposed on the woodland camouflage graphic layer, which allows for the overall appearance to change from the greenish woodland camouflage to the brownish desert camouflage. Alternatively, the camouflage structure could comprise a greenish camouflage graphic layer made of material with red-shift characteristics, which means the greenish camouflage graphic layer consists of different colors of chromic materials with reversible red-shift characteristics.

Abstract: A tunable photonic crystal device comprising: alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the alternating layers comprising a responsive material, the responsive material being responsive to an external stimulus, the alternating layers having a periodic difference in refractive indices giving rise to a first reflected wavelength; wherein, in response to the external stimulus, a change in the responsive material results in a reflected wavelength of the device shifting from the first reflected wavelength to a second reflected wavelength.

Abstract: A photonic crystal device including a photonic crystal material and an activation surface. The photonic crystal material exhibits a first reflectance spectrum in an unactivated state, and, in response to mechanical stimulation, exhibits a second reflectance spectrum in an activated state. Application of a force at an activation portion of the activation surface offset from a material-supporting portion of the activation surface causes a deformation of the photonic crystal material sufficient to bring the photonic crystal material to the activated state.

Abstract: A variable focusing lens is provided that can change the focal length at a high speed. The variable focusing lens includes: a single crystal electrooptic material having inversion symmetry; a first anode formed on a first surface of the electrooptic material; a second cathode provided to have an interval to the first anode; and a first cathode and a second anode that are formed on a second surface opposed to the first surface and that are formed at positions opposed to the first anode and the second cathode. An optical axis is set so that, when light enters through a third face orthogonal to the first surface, light exists through a fourth surface opposed to the third face. A voltage applied between the first and the second pair of electrodes is changed to thereby change the focal point of light emitted from the fourth surface of the electrooptic material.

Abstract: A cooling device for use in an electronic apparatus is capable of achieving a sufficient cooling capability with an effective replacement method in a narrow flow path. The cooling device for the electronic apparatus, which includes a plurality of members juxtaposed such that surfaces thereof confront each other, at least one of the members including a heat radiating surface, includes a first air-cooling member which includes a first outlet port that creates a first air stream, and a second air-cooling member which includes a second outlet port that creates a second air stream to flow in a direction different from the first air stream. The first and second outlet ports have different opening widths, respectively.

Abstract: An actively addressable aperture disposed ahead of the rear surface of a camera lens allows the camera to capture a full-resolution, five-dimensional (5D) light field that describes every possible view from every possible angle of the scene being imaged. Shifting the aperture over the entire aperture plane and acquiring an image at each step yields a 2D grid of 2D images of the scene, otherwise known as a 4D parameterized light field. Estimating the 3D depth of the objects in the imaged scene yields a 3D model with 2D surface irradiance patterns, which is the full, non-parameterized 5D light field. The 5D light field can be used to display perspective changes in a way that mimics cognitive processing of the same scene or object. 5D light fields can also be used to create high-precision, 3D depth maps suitable for 3D movies, interactive displays, machine vision, and other applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to imaging device, systems, and methods for collecting optical data for use with spectrometers. An imaging device configured in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure includes a lens configured to introduce light into the imaging device along an optical path, and an image sensor spaced apart from the lens and configured to receive at least a portion of the light along the optical path. The imaging device further includes a filter assembly positioned between the lens and the image sensor, and a reflector or mirror carried by the filter assembly. The filter assembly is configured to move the reflector between first and second positions. In the first position the reflector is at least partially aligned with the optical path and reflects at least a portion of the light to a corresponding light input for a spectrometer. In the second position the reflector is positioned outside of the optical path.

Abstract: An optical device includes: an optical device body; a first transparent electrode film deposited on a light incident side; a second transparent electrode film so formed that the first and second transparent electrode films face away from each other; and a first ferroelectric film deposited at least between the first and second transparent electrode films, wherein the first ferroelectric film vibrates in response to a drive voltage applied through the first and second transparent electrode films.

Abstract: A method of preparing a monodisperse particle may include mixing at least two types of monomers in a solvent, placing an initiator in the solvent, and forming a particle having a copolymer shape by polymerizing the at least two types of monomers. The particle may have a size controlled by a content of the at least two types of monomers.

Abstract: A photonic crystal structure that is composed of a host media having periodic dielectric holes disposed in the media at a period of ah. Each dielectric hole has a radius rh. The host media has an absolute refractive index expressed as |nh| that is less than 0.2. The photonic crystal structure has at least one reflection minimization layer disposed at an air/photonic crystal interface. The reflection minimization layer has periodic dielectric holes disposed therein at a period am with each dielectric hole having a radius rm such that ah=am and rm>rn and a beam steerable device including the photonic crystal structure. The device having a scanning rate of larger than 1 KHz and a scanning angle up to ±25 degrees.

Abstract: An optical image shutter having a transparent electro-optical crystal formed on a transparent amorphous substrate and a method of manufacturing the optical image shutter. The light image shutter is created by forming a buffer layer using a material having a similar crystalline structure to an electro-optical crystal, on a transparent amorphous substrate such as glass, and forming an electro-optical thin film layer such as the electro-optical crystal on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A method for providing auto focus for camera module that is electrically tunable using liquid crystal optical element is provided. The liquid crystal optical element includes substrate layers, insulating layer, three electrodes, liquid crystal layer between the substrate layers, and voltages applied between electrodes to control the optical power of the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is coupled onto a camera module for provide auto focus on object located between 10 cm to infinity, achieving a response time at most of about 600 milliseconds. Tuning for the predetermined focal length is provided for liquid crystal optical element when object is located between 10 cm to infinity.

Abstract: A plasmonic logic device can include a dielectric substrate, and first and second metallic input strips that are placed on the substrate. The input metallic strips can be made of different metals that support propagation of surface plasmons at different frequencies. The input metallic strips can be separated by a predetermined gap that causes for the surface plasmons to constructively combine or destructively cancel each other, according to the gap distances and strip materials chosen, to accomplish the desired logic function. A metallic output strip can be placed on the substrate at a distance from the metallic input strips that allows for selective propagation to accomplish different logic functions. The metallic output strip can further be chosen from a material that allows for propagation of surface plasmons over a broad frequency range to allow for evanescent coupling of a surface plasmon from the metallic input strips.

Abstract: A plasmonic transistor device includes an electro-optic substrate and a conductive layer placed on said electro-optic substrate to establish an interface therebetween. The first conductive layer and electro-optics substrate are made of materials that are suitable for transmission of a surface plasmon along the interface. The conductive layer is further formed with a source input grating and a drain output grating, for establishing the surface plasmon. A means for varying the electro-optic substrate permittivity, such as a light source or voltage source, is connected to the electro-optic substrate. Selective manipulation of the varying means allows the user to selectively increase or decrease the substrate permittivity. Control of the substrate permittivity further allows the user to control surface plasmon propagation from the source input grating along the interface to a drain output grating, to achieve a transistor-like effect for the surface plasmon.

Abstract: An electro optic crystal arrangement in particular comprising or for use in or as a laser modulator suitable for use in an intracavity modulator for a CO2 laser such as a Q-switched pulsed CO2 laser, and the use of such a crystal arrangement in an electro optic device such as a laser modulator are described.

Abstract: A photonic crystal structure that is composed of a host media having periodic dielectric holes disposed in the media at a period of ah. Each dielectric hole has a radius rh. The host media has an absolute refractive index expressed as |nh| that is less than 0.2. The photonic crystal structure has at least one reflection minimization layer disposed at an air/photonic crystal interface. The reflection minimization layer has periodic dielectric holes disposed therein at a period am with each dielectric hole having a radius rm such that ah=am and rm>rn and a beam steerable device including the photonic crystal structure. The device having a scanning rate of larger than 1 KHz and a scanning angle up to ±25 degrees.

Abstract: Apparatus for steering a beam of radiation includes a thermally anisotropic element configured such that the shape of the optical element can be varied by varying the temperature of the element. The beam is reflected from or transmitted through the element in a manner such that the direction of the beam on leaving the element can be varied by the change of shape resulting from the temperature variation.

Abstract: A tunable photonic crystal device comprising: alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the alternating layers comprising a responsive material, the responsive material being responsive to an external stimulus, the alternating layers having a periodic difference in refractive indices giving rise to a first reflected wavelength; wherein, in response to the external stimulus, a change in the responsive material results in a reflected wavelength of the device shifting from the first reflected wavelength to a second reflected wavelength.

Abstract: The invention concerns Phenolic Configurationally Locked Polyene Single Crystals, which are especially suited as highly efficient nonlinear optical organic material. The invention also concerns methods for growth of crystalline thin films or bulk crystals from melt and/or solution. The compounds are suited and the methods may be used for manufacturing optical elements for several bulk and integrated applications, e.g. electro-Optics and THz-Wave applications.

Abstract: A PDLC modulator is fabricated using at least one of a selection of specially-formulated UV curable organic hard coatings as a protective layer on the exposed side of polyester (Mylar) film. The hard coatings of various related types show good adhesion on a polyester film substrate, superior hardness and toughness, and have a slippery top surface, which minimizes unnecessary wear. The coating as applied on the modulator surface significantly reduces scratch damage on modulators caused by unexpected particles on the panels under test. In addition, the slip surface will reduce stickiness to particles and therefore also reduce the possibility of panel damage.

Abstract: An optical module, which is arranged in an optical transmission path, includes an optical amplifying unit configured with a semiconductor, wherein the optical amplifying unit amplifies light input from the optical transmission path, and an optical element configured with a semiconductor, wherein the optical element propagates the light amplified by the optical amplifying unit to the optical transmission path.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus such as a sheet beam based testing apparatus has an electron-optical system for irradiating an object under testing with a primary electron beam from an electron beam source, and projecting an image of a secondary electron beam emitted by the irradiation of the primary electron beam, and a detector for detecting the secondary electron beam image projected by the electron-optical system; specifically, the electron beam apparatus comprises beam generating means 2004 for irradiating an electron beam having a particular width, a primary electron-optical system 2001 for leading the beam to reach the surface of a substrate 2006 under testing, a secondary electron-optical system 2002 for trapping secondary electrons generated from the substrate 2006 and introducing them into an image processing system 2015, a stage 2003 for transportably holding the substrate 2006 with a continuous degree of freedom equal to at least one, a testing chamber for the substrate 2006, a substrate transport mech

Abstract: A system is used to perform fast and slow applications, for example fast application can be pulse trimming. The system includes a radiation source, an electro-optical modulator, and a beam splitter. The radiation source is configured to generate a polarized beam of radiation. The electro-optical modulator, formed of crystalline quartz, is configured to modulate the beam of radiation. The beam splitter is configured to direct a first portion of the beam to a beam dump and to form an output beam from a second portion of the beam.

Abstract: This application describes a tunable photonic crystal device based on the electrical actuation of photonic crystal films.

Abstract: An optical device wherein an optical waveguide is formed on a dielectric substrate, the optical device includes an input part and an output part where the optical waveguide and corresponding optical fibers are connected. A stress layer is provided for at least one of the input part and the output part. The stress layer applies a stress to the optical waveguide so that an index of refraction of the optical waveguide is reduced.

Abstract: Negative refraction in photonic crystals and diffraction grating is used to design plano-concave lenses to focus plane waves. Microwave experiments are carried out to demonstrate negative refraction and the performance of these lenses. Demonstration of negative refraction of visible light is also performed for the grism. These lenses can be used in optical circuits, astronomical applications, etc.

Abstract: Semiconductor electrooptic medium shows behavior different from a medium based on quantum confined Stark Effect. A preferred embodiment has a type-II heterojunction, selected such, that, in zero electric field, an electron and a hole are localized on the opposite sides of the heterojunction having a negligible or very small overlap of the wave functions, and correspondingly, a zero or a very small exciton oscillator strength. Applying an electric field results in squeezing of the wave functions to the heterojunction which strongly increases the overlap of the electron and the hole wave functions, resulting in a strong increase of the exciton oscillator strength. Another embodiment of the novel electrooptic medium includes a heterojunction between a layer and a superlattice, wherein an electron and a hole in the zero electric field are localized on the opposite sides of the heterojunction, the latter being effectively a type-II heterojunction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element for correcting wave aberration included in an optical disc apparatus, is controlled by a liquid crystal element control unit which has a memory portion that stores information about a variation with time of orientation direction of liquid crystal in the case where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, with respect to at least one type of voltage value. The liquid crystal element control unit has a drive voltage deciding portion that obtains time period after a predetermined drive voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element until a reproduced signal obtained by processing an electric signal converted by the light detecting unit becomes optimal, and decides a drive voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal element based on the obtained time period, the information stored in the memory portion, and the predetermined drive voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochromic display device comprising a pair of transparent substrates facing each other, an anode electrode and a cathode electrode respectively formed on the transparent substrates, an electrolytic layer disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, an electrochromophore layer of a nano structure formed on at least one of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and a redox promoter layer coated with a conductive compound, on the other electrode.

Abstract: Lithography aperture lenses, illumination systems, and methods are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a lens includes a substantially transparent material and an electro-optical material disposed proximate the substantially transparent material, wherein the lens is a lens for an illuminator of a lithography system.

Abstract: A system is used to perform fast and slow applications, for example fast application can be pulse trimming. The system includes a radiation source, an electro-optical modulator, and a beam splitter. The radiation source is configured to generate a polarized beam of radiation. The electro-optical modulator, formed of crystalline quartz, is configured to modulate the beam of radiation. The beam splitter is configured to direct a first portion of the beam to a beam dump and to form an output beam from a second portion of the beam.

Abstract: A display element according to the present invention is provided with a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a medium between the substrates, wherein optical anisotropy magnitude of the medium is changeable by and according to an electric field applied thereon; at least one pair of electrodes for applying, on the medium, the electric field substantially parallel to the substrates; and a shielding electrode overlapping at least a display portion of at least one of the substrates, and used for shielding the display element from static electricity.

Abstract: A manufacturing method is provided for a light modulation device that improves utilization efficiency of light. After forming a first reflective layer using a metallic material such as Pt or the like, on a substrate, a light modulating film is formed using an electro-optic material in which refractive index changes in accordance with an applied electrical field. After that, planarization is carried out so that irregularities on an upper surface of the light modulating film are less than or equal to 1/100 of the wavelength of light incident on the light modulation device. A transparent electrode is then formed using ITO, ZnO, or the like, on the light modulating film, and a second reflective layer including a dielectric multilayer is formed.

Abstract: An optical filter assembly having selectable bandwidth is presented. The optical filter assembly includes a first optical filter, a first optical retarder with optical retardance R1, a second optical retarder with optical retardance R2, a polarization switch positioned between the first and second retarders which causes their retardances to substantially add in a first switch setting and to substantially subtract in a second switch setting, and an exit polarizer. A multispectral imaging system using tunable optical filters having selectable bandwidth is presented. A method of filtering light is also presented. The method includes providing a first optical filter, providing a dynamic bandwidth stage including a polarization switch, selecting a first setting of the polarization switch, and producing a first filter action for light passing through the first filter and the dynamic bandwidth stage.

Abstract: An electro-optical element includes an optical element that scans a laser beam made incident thereon when a refractive index distribution changes according to a size of an electric field generated in the inside of the electro-optical element and a first electrode and a second electrode arranged on two surfaces of the optical element opposed, to each other. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophoretic medium comprising at least two types of particles having substantially the same electrophoretic mobility but differing colors. The invention also provides article of manufacture comprising a layer of a solid electro-optic medium, a first adhesive layer on one surface of the electro-optic medium, a release sheet covering the first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer on an opposed second surface of the electro-optic medium.

Abstract: A beam-steering element made of a more optically-active material, potassium tantalate niobate, with an improved diffraction efficiency, having a plurality of electrode layers and one electro-optic crystal layer interposed between every two adjacent electrode layers. Each electro-optic crystal layer and the electrode layer adjacent thereto have an aspect ratio of about 1:1. The electrode layers and the electro-optic crystal layers are interposed between two substrates. Preferably, the substrates are transparent to an incoming beam to be modulated by the electro-optic crystal layer.