Abstract: Methods and devices implementing a combination of multi-dimensional pulse position modulation (PPM) with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or wavelength division multiplexing multiple access (WDMA) for long range space communications are disclosed. The described multi-dimensional PPM scheme can use the laser wavelength and/or polarization as the additional dimension(s) to the time dimension. Through examples it is shown that the disclosed teachings result in a higher photon information efficiency. Various exemplary embodiments are also presented to highlight the applications benefiting from the disclosed methods and devices.

Abstract: A thin film comprising a layer of dielectric material having electrically conductive inclusions, wherein the thin film has a first reflectivity due to surface plasmon resonance, and wherein the thin film is configured to provide one or more selected regions having a second reflectivity due to surface plasmon resonance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a UV-visible laser system having ultrashort pulses with high power and/or high energy. The laser system includes at least one non-linear optical crystal (1) adapted for receiving two distinct ultrashort laser pulses (31, 32) in the visible or infrared domain emitted respectively by two distinct laser pulse sources (11, 12) and a temporal synchronization unit (41, 42) adapted so that the two ultrashort laser pulses (31, 32) are superimposed in time and space in the non-linear optical crystal (1) with any phase shift, and generate, by sum frequency, an ultrashort laser pulse (131) having an optical frequency equal to the sum of the respective optical frequencies of the two distinct laser pulses (31, 32).

Abstract: An electro-optical oscillator includes, in part, a modulator, a signal splitter, N photodiodes with N being an integer greater than one, a signal combiner, and a filter. The modulator modulates an optical signal in accordance with a feedback signal. The splitter splits the modulated optical signal into N optical signals each delivered to a different one of N photo-diodes. Each of the N photo-diodes converts the optical signal it receives to a current signal. The signal combiner combines the N current signals received from the N photo-diodes to generate a combined current signal. The filter filters the combined current signal and generates the feedback signal. The electro-optical oscillator optionally includes, in part, N variable optical gain/attenuation components each amplifying/attenuating a different one of the N optical signals generated by the splitter.

Abstract: The present invention includes a fundamental laser light source configured to generate fundamental wavelength laser light, a first nonlinear optical crystal configured to generate first alternate wavelength light, a second nonlinear optical crystal configured to generate second alternate wavelength light, a dual wavelength Brewster angle waveplate configured to rotate a polarization of the first alternate wavelength light relative to the second alternate wavelength light such that the first and second alternate wavelength light have the same polarization, a set of Brewster angle wavefront processing optics configured to condition the first and second alternate wavelengths of light, a harmonic separator configured to separate the first alternate wavelength light from the second alternate wavelength light, and a Brewster angle output window configured to transmit the first or second alternate wavelengths of light from the interior of a laser frequency conversion system to the exterior of the laser frequency con

Abstract: A method for sum-frequency conversion of coherent radiation includes generating two linearly polarized waves at different first f1 and second f2 frequencies (f2>f1), respectively, which coaxially propagate and are characterized in common case by arbitrarily located polarization planes. The waves are further guided through an optical active crystal which rotates their polarization planes at different angles ?1 and ?2 determined as ?1=?(f1)·L and ?2=?(f2)·L, where L is a length of the optical active crystal, and ?(f1) and ?(f2) specific rotations at respective frequencies f1 and f2. Finally the waves with the rotated polarization planes are incident on a non-linear crystal configured to generate a third frequency.

Abstract: A pulsed laser system may include a Raman fiber that is configured to act as multiple wavelength Raman laser. The fiber is configured to receive a pulsed input beam from an input source and convert the input beam to an output beam having narrow band outputs at first and second frequencies v1 and v2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plural third harmonic generation (THG) microscopic system and method. The system includes a laser device, a microscopic device, a beam splitter device and a photodetective device. By utilizing lasers with different central wavelengths or a broad band light source to simultaneously analyze THG response with respect to different wavelengths, a plurality of THG images and THG spectrum of the material or bio-tissue under stimulation of different wavelengths are obtained, thereby retrieving distributed microscopic images and resonant characteristics of the observational material or bio-molecules.

Abstract: An illumination system is disclosed for providing dual-excitation wavelength illumination for non-linear optical microscopy and micro-spectroscopy. The illumination system includes a laser system, an optical splitting means, a frequency shifting system, and a picosecond amplifier system. The laser system includes a laser for providing a first train of pulses at a center optical frequency ?1. The optical splitting means divides the first train of pulses at the center optical frequency ?1 into two trains of pulses. The frequency shifting system shifts the optical frequency of one of the two trains of pulses to provide a frequency shifted train of pulses. The picosecond amplifier system amplifies the frequency shifted train of pulses to provide an amplified frequency-shifted train of pulses having a pulse duration of at least 0.5 picoseconds.

Abstract: An optical system includes a laser source operable to output a laser beam at a fundamental wavelength and a frequency conversion system. The frequency conversion system includes a frequency doubler module including a first plurality of nonlinear optical crystals and a frequency polarization tripler module including a second plurality of nonlinear optical crystals. The optical system also includes a control system coupled to the frequency conversion system and a diagnostics system coupled to the frequency conversion system.

Abstract: As a spatial light modulator 35 is disposed between a wavelength conversion part 315 and an exit surface 311b in a ferroelectric crystal substrate 31, only zeroth-order light which is at a particular wavelength is guided to a substrate while laser light from the wavelength conversion part 315 is being modulated, whereby a pattern corresponding to LSI data is drawn. Further, the spatial light modulator 35 is disposed together with the wavelength conversion parts 314 and 315 inside the ferroelectric crystal substrate 31.

Abstract: A light conversion module includes a coupler for combining two light beams to form a combined light beam, a nonlinear crystal arranged to receive the combined light beam and configured to include a plurality of poling regions for performing successive nonlinear frequency mixing processes, a first optical device configured to focus the combined light beam onto the nonlinear crystal, a first moving stage carrying the nonlinear crystal and moving the nonlinear crystal for an adjustment of a focus position of the combined light beam on the nonlinear crystal, and an optical detector configured for measuring a power level of the light beam from the nonlinear crystal for the adjustment of the focus position of the combined light beam on the nonlinear crystal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation source apparatus which can generate a DUV radiation beam having a wavelength of 193.4 nm efficiently.

Abstract: A method for sum-frequency conversion of coherent radiation includes generating two linearly polarized waves which collinearly propagate in respective first and second non-coinciding planes at different first and second frequencies f1?/f2, respectively. The waves are further guided through an active crystal which rotates the waves at different angles ?1 and ?2 determined as ?1=?(f1)·L ?2=?(f2)·L, where L is a length of the active crystal, and ?(f1) and ?(f2) specific rotations of respective frequencies f1?/f2. Finally the rotated waves are incident on a non-linear crystal configured to sum frequency the wave to generate a third harmonic.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing coherent, pulsed ultraviolet light with pulse durations that range between 1 ps and 1 ?s includes one or more source lasers in the visible or near-infrared frequency range. The apparatus also includes one or more FC stages, at least one of the one or more FC stages including a nonlinear FC device and one or more optical elements. The optical elements include a reflector, a focusing element, a polarization-controlling optic, a wavelength separator, or a fiber optic component. The FC device includes a huntite-type aluminum double borate nonlinear optical material configured to produce FC light having a wavelength between 190 and 350 nm and a composition given by RAl3B4O12, where R comprises one or a plurality of elements {Sc, La, Y, Lu}. The nonlinear optical material is characterized by an optical transmission greater than 70% over the wavelength range of 190 to 350 nm.

Abstract: Fundamental-wavelength pulses from a fiber a laser are divided into three or more pulse portions and the three or more portions are separately amplified. Two or more of the amplified fundamental-wavelength pulse-portions are combined and frequency-doubled. The frequency doubled portion is sum-frequency mixed with one or more of the other amplified fundamental wavelength pulse-portions to provide third-harmonic radiation pulses.

Abstract: Fundamental-wavelength pulses from a fiber a laser are divided into three or more pulse portions and the three or more portions are separately amplified. Two or more of the amplified fundamental-wavelength pulse-portions are combined and frequency-doubled. The frequency doubled portion is sum-frequency mixed with one or more of the other amplified fundamental wavelength pulse-portions to provide third-harmonic radiation pulses.

Abstract: A UV light generator for receiving a baseband light beam from a baseband light source is provided. The UV light generator includes a first lens unit, a second lens unit, a first frequency doubling crystal and a second frequency doubling crystal. The baseband light beam from the baseband light source passes through the first lens unit. The first lens unit and the second lens unit control a minimum of baseband light spot position and a minimum of second harmonic light spot position. The first frequency doubling crystal is disposed between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, and located on the minimum of baseband light spot position. The second frequency doubling crystal is disposed between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, and located on the minimum of second harmonic light spot position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a potassium chloroborate nonlinear optical crystal, a preparation method and a use thereof. The crystal has a chemical formula of K3B6O10Cl, has no symmetric center, belongs to rhombohedral crystal system, has a space group R3m with unit cell parameters of a=10.0624(14) ?, b=10.0624(14) ?, c=8.8361(18) ?, Z=3 and V=774.8(2) ?3. It has a powder second harmonic generation efficiency of about 3 times that of KDP (KH2PO4), and a Mohs hardness of 4-5, a transparent wavelength range of 165 nm-3460 nm. The compound is synthesized by a solid-state reaction and the crystal is grown by using a flux, which are of easy operation and low costs. The obtained crystal has large size, short growing period, little inclusion, relatively high mechanical hardness, and is easy to be cut, polished and stored. Said crystal is used to generate a second, third, fourth or fifth harmonic light output for a laser beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm.

Abstract: As a spatial light modulator 35 is disposed between a wavelength conversion part 315 and an exit surface 311b in a ferroelectric crystal substrate 31, only zeroth-order light which is at a particular wavelength is guided to a substrate while laser light from the wavelength conversion part 315 is being modulated, whereby a pattern corresponding to LSI data is drawn. Further, the spatial light modulator 35 is disposed together with the wavelength conversion parts 314 and 315 inside the ferroelectric crystal substrate 31.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to laser systems that produce UV light and their methods of use. The phase matching of the conversion process has a broad temperature bandwidth so that precise temperature stabilization is not necessary to obtain a stable efficiency and a non-deformed laser beam with fast power modulation at high energies.

Abstract: A laser assembly is configured with a frequency conversion laser head operative to shift a fundamental frequency of input light to the desired frequency of an output light. The frequency conversion laser head includes a dump means operative to guide an unconverted output light at the fundamental frequency outside the case of the frequency conversion laser head. The dump means is configured with a guide optics operative to couple the output light at the fundamental frequency to a fiber terminating outside the case of the frequency conversion laser head.

Abstract: Crystals of the yttrium/aluminium/borate family are used for producing blue or UV light. To produce blue or UV light with the described crystal family a crystal of the family AxM1-xX3(BO3)4, wherein both A and also M stand for an element from the group Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, A?M and X=Al, Ga, Sc and 0?x?1, is used as a non-linear optical element to produce light of a wavelength of less than 0.450 ?m.

Abstract: A device comprising a conversion channel including: a first end configured to accept ambient electromagnetic radiation, the ambient electromagnetic radiation having an initial frequency, a second end configured to allow the ambient electromagnetic radiation to exit, and at least two opposing walls connecting the first end and the second end, wherein the at least two opposing walls include one or more crystals, the at least two opposing walls being separated by at least one-half of a wave length; wherein when the ambient electromagnetic radiation interacts with the one or more crystals of the at least two opposing side walls, the initial frequency of the ambient electromagnetic radiation being repeatedly increased to an optimal frequency is provided. Furthermore, an associated method is also provided.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion laser light source includes: an element temperature switching section that switches a temperature of the wavelength conversion element according to a harmonic wave output value as set in an output setting device, and the element temperature switching section for switching a temperature of a wavelength conversion element according to a harmonic wave output level as set in the output setting device, wherein the element temperature switch section includes an element temperature holding section that holds the wavelength conversion element at the temperature as switched by the element temperature switching section.

Abstract: A nonlinear harmonic generation system is provided. The nonlinear harmonic generation system includes a waveguide channel receives and propagates electromagnetic signals. A resonant cavity is coupled to the waveguide channel. The resonant cavity structure includes a plurality of resonant modes into which electromagnetic energy is coupled during the operation of the system. One of the resonant modes includes a resonant frequency that changes during operation of the system to reach either an input-signal frequency or a harmonic frequency for a majority of the time in which harmonic generation is occurring. Both reflected and harmonic fields are emitted back into the waveguide channel so as to allow efficient harmonic generation at a specified critical input power.

Abstract: Lasers and laser systems generate different wavelengths by nonlinear sum or difference frequency conversion. A wedge-faceted nonlinear crystal compensates for the spatial walk-off phenomenon associated with critical phase matching of a nonlinear crystal in the production of harmonic laser output at peak power.

Abstract: A device for extending the lifetime of a frequency-converting non-linear optical system (19) subjected to the radiation of an intense laser beam includes two plates (2, 3) with flat and parallel surfaces angled on the beam and elements for transverse rotation of the plates (2, 3) suitable for changing the angle of inclination of the first plate in an angular range (i20±?i2) to move the incident beam relative to the optical system (19), while minimising the amplitude of movement of the output beam (37, 47) on the angular inclination range (i20±?i2) of the first plate. The application of the device in a non-linear optical source including one or more non-linear crystals (1, 16) is also described.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described using a non-linear optical system comprising a laser and a light delivery system comprising a single mode fiber, a mode converter, and a high order mode fiber, wherein the light delivery system that receives light from the source and provides a structured free-space beam having an embedded Gaussian beam. The light delivery system functions to illuminate a region of a sample and generate a non-linear response in a spatial region smaller than that associated with a Gaussian beam having a width comparable to the width of the embedded Gaussian beam. In another aspect, the light delivery system illuminates a region of a sample and generates a non-linear emission of radiation, is depicted. A further aspect of this embodiment includes an imaging assembly for detecting the non-linear emission and using a signal derived from the detected emission to generate a microscopic image of the sample.

Abstract: A nonlinear harmonic generation system is provided. The nonlinear harmonic generation system includes a waveguide channel receives and propagates electromagnetic signals. A resonant cavity is coupled to the waveguide channel. The resonant cavity structure includes a plurality of resonant modes into which electromagnetic energy is coupled during the operation of the system. One of the resonant modes includes a resonant frequency that changes during operation of the system to reach either an input-signal frequency or a harmonic frequency for a majority of the time in which harmonic generation is occurring. Both reflected and harmonic fields are emitted back into the waveguide channel so as to allow efficient harmonic generation at a specified critical input power.

Abstract: The preparation of robust, thin film materials with large second-order optical nonlinearities through the covalent self-assembly of chromophoric compositions and innovative use of silyl chemistry.

Abstract: Frequency-multiplied fiber-MOPA apparatus includes one enclosure containing a master oscillator and fiber amplifier stages and another enclosure containing frequency-multiplying stages. Radiation is transmitted between the enclosures by a transport fiber in a flexible jacket or enclosure. The transport fiber functions additionally as a power amplifier fiber, and amplifies the radiation while transporting the radiation between the enclosures. The amplifying transport fiber is energized by diode-lasers in the enclosure containing the master oscillator and fiber amplifiers.

Abstract: Lasers configured for intracavity harmonic generation of second and higher order harmonic laser beam energy include mode-matching optics, such as a curved mirror, for recycling an unused portion of an intermediate harmonic laser beam energy (e.g., second harmonic laser beam energy) to improve higher order harmonic laser beam energy generation efficiency (e.g., third or higher order harmonic laser beam energy generation efficiency) without sacrificing beam quality of the higher order harmonic laser beam energy. The curved mirror may be positioned out of a resonant laser cavity of the laser. A radius of curvature and a position of the curved mirror are selected so that a beam radius and a beam divergence of the recycled second harmonic laser beam energy are essentially the same as a beam radius and a beam divergence of incoming second harmonic laser beam energy everywhere along a beam path of the incoming second harmonic laser beam.

Abstract: An optical antenna collects, modifies and emits energy at light wavelengths. Linear conductors sized to correspond to the light wavelengths are used. Nonlinear junctions of small dimension are used to rectify an alternating waveform induced upon the conductors by the lightwave electromagnetic energy. The optical antenna and junctions are effective to produce harmonic energy at light wavelengths. The linear conductors may be comprised of carbon nanotubes that are attached to a substrate material, which may then be connected to an electrical port.

Abstract: There are provided a light source device and an image display apparatus. The light source device includes a first optical element that deflects a propagation direction of laser beams, a second optical element that separates laser beams, and a third optical element that defects the laser beams separated by the second optical element. The light source device further includes a light emitting unit that has one or more light emitting element emitting laser beams, an external resonator that reflects laser beams toward the first optical element and guides laser beams back to the light emitting unit, and a wavelength converting element that converts laser beams.

Abstract: A beryllium borate fluoride salt nonlinear optical crystal is represented by molecule formula Mbe2BO3F2, wherein M is Rb or Cs. The crystal is grown by melt salt method, comprising the following step, mixing beryllium borate fluoride salt with flux at appropriate ratio, rising to 750-800° C., and keeping at constant temperature, then cooling to 2-10° C. higher than saturated temperature to obtain a elevated solution; putting seed crystal on seed crystal pole into the elevated solution, rotating the seed crystal pole, cooling to saturated temperature, and then cooling slowly; raising the obtained crystal above liquid level and cooling to room temperature, then obtaining the present nonlinear optical crystal. The crystal has nonlinear optical effect, broad transmittance wave, adsorption edge of ultraviolet lower to 150 nm, doesn't deliquesce, isn't soluble to diluted hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and has good chemical resistance.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a DSB-SC system capable of suppressing a third order component. The DSB-SC modulation having high extinction ratio can be realized by adjusting the first order component, which is generated by applying a modulation signal (3fm), and the third order component, which is generated by applying a basic signal (fm), to have reversed phase and the same intensity level, and then by applying the first order component to the third order component, these two components cancel each other.

Abstract: The preparation of robust, thin film materials with large second-order optical nonlinearities through the covalent self-assembly of chromophoric compositions and innovative use of silyl chemistry.

Abstract: A harmonics generating device including a supporting substrate; a wavelength conversion layer having a three-dimensional optical waveguide provided with a periodic domain inversion structure therein, a base adhesive layer for adhering a lower face of the wavelength conversion layer to the supporting substrate; an upper-side substrate provided on an upper face side of the wavelength conversion layer; an upper-side adhesive layer for adhering the wavelength conversion layer to the upper-side substrate; an incident face of a fundamental wave, a projection face of higher harmonics, a first side face between the incident face and the projection face; and a second side face opposing the first side face. A first conductive material contacts the first side face, a second conductive material contacts the second side face, and the first and second conductive materials are electrically connected.

Abstract: A device and method for producing a third harmonic signal from an optical pulse of wavelength k. In the device and method, an optical pulse at a wavelength k is incident on a material including at least one molecule having a formula D—U—A, where D is an electron donor group, A is an electron acceptor group, and ? is a conjugated structure having it bonds that connect D to A. The molecule exhibits a strong absorption band centered at a wavelengthko and a weakly absorbing region centered at a wavelength k, which is less than Xo. A wavelength k/2 has a value of about Xo, and a wavelength k/3 has a value of about X1. A third harmonic signal at k/3 is generated. From a measured third harmonic signal as a function of a time delay for separate optical pulses entering the material, at least one of a pulse width and a pulse shape of the optical pulse can be extracted. From a spectrally resolved third harmonic signal, a phase of the optical pulse can be extracted.

Abstract: An optical antenna collects, modifies and emits energy at light wavelengths. Linear conductors sized to correspond to the light wavelengths are used. Nonlinear junctions of small dimension are used to rectify an alternating waveform induced upon the conductors by the lightwave electromagnetic energy. The optical antenna and junctions are effective to produce harmonic energy at light wavelengths. The linear conductors may be comprised of carbon nanotubes that are attached to a substrate material, which may then be connected to an electrical port.

Abstract: The wavelength converter comprises (1) an optical multiplexer for multiplexing an amplitude-modulated first light and reference light, which is continuous light having a wavelength different from the wavelength of the first light, (2) an optical fiber for propagating the multiplexed light therethrough to generate a third light by a non-linear optical phenomenon, and (3) an optical filter having a pass wavelength range set such that a pulse time width of the third light is 20% or more narrower than a pulse time width of the first light after the third light has passed through the optical filter, or (3?) an optical filter having a pass wavelength range set such that a cross point of an eye pattern of the third light is lower than a cross point of an eye pattern of the first light after the third light has passed through the optical filter.

Abstract: To optimise the transformation rate (efficiency) in the optical frequency conversion of laser beams of ultra-short light pulses in optically non-linear media such as a crystal (56), a double refracting crystal (54) is arranged in the beam path before the optically non-linear medium (56). The length of the double refracting crystal (54) is selected and the orientation of its optical crystal axis in relation to the propagation direction of the laser beams involved in the frequency conversion is set such that the change caused by the double refracting crystal (54) in the location, time and direction of incidence of the laser pulses (14) and (16) on the optically non-linear medium (56) and the resulting change in the spatial and temporal overlap of the laser pulses in the optically non-linear medium (56) for optical frequency conversion in the crystal (56) give a conversion efficiency which is higher than the conversion efficiency which would be achieved without the double refracting crystal (54).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods which provide a widely tunable, low-noise, synthesized microwave source with an OEO oscillator.

Abstract: An optical-fiber-based light source that generates light via third-harmonic (TH) generation is disclosed. The light source includes a pump light source that provides pump light having a fundamental mode of wavelength ?P. The light source also includes an optical fiber optically coupled to the pump light source. The optical fiber's core refractive index profile has (i) a central region with a refractive index value ?1, (ii) a first annular region immediately surrounding the central region and having a refractive index value ?2, and (iii) a second annular region immediately surrounding the first annular region and having a refractive index value ?3. The optical fiber satisfies the conditions ?2<?1 and ?2<?3, and max{?1,?3}??2>1.2%. The pump light produces TH-generated light having a higher-order mode of wavelength ?TH=(1/3)?P and that is outputted at the optical fiber output end.

Abstract: A nonlinear fiber having a third-order nonlinear coefficient of at least 30 W?1km?1, and its cladding containing Er or Tm at a portion within 3 ?m from the interface with its core. A wavelength conversion method of making a signal light having a wavelength ?S and an intensity IS and a pump light having a wavelength ?P which is shorter than 2?S and an intensity higher than IS enter a nonlinear fiber 1, and generating a converted light having a wavelength ?C of ?S?P/(2?S??P) and an intensity IC by four wave mixing, wherein Er or Tm is present in the cladding at a portion with a diameter in the nonlinear fiber 1 of at most the mode field diameter, and the converted light is generated by four wave mixing while Er or Tm is excited by an excitation light.

Abstract: Frequency conversion methods are taught wherein non-collinear phase matching configurations may be implemented in non-linear crystals used in three wave mixing processes such that the frequency conversion efficiency is enhanced through walk-off compensation while also maximizing conversion efficiency. The harmonic conversion techniques are especially applicable to sum frequency process, and in particular to third harmonic generation.

Abstract: Fiber Bragg writing devices comprising solid state lasers are provided. The solid state lasers comprise optical parametric oscillators and emit moderate peak-power output beams at wavelengths which are suitable for efficient production of fiber Bragg gratings without causing embrittlement of the optical waveguide. These solid state lasers generate output beams with wavelengths of approximately 240 nm, in order to match the primary absorption peak in the ultraviolet range for a typical optical waveguide. Some of these solid state lasers generate tunable wavelength beams using an optical parametric oscillator (“OPO”), then generate harmonics of these tunable beams. Other lasers mix the tunable beam with fixed wavelengths derived from the pump laser to reach the desired output wavelength.

Abstract: An injection locked dual opto-electronic oscillator having a master oscillator which generates a high Q RF output signal with a plurality of harmonic signals within a predetermined pass band. A slave oscillator has a modulation input coupled to the output signal from the master oscillator as well as an output signal. The slave oscillator has a cavity length selected to produce a single mode operation within the pass band. An electronic phase shifter in the slave oscillator is adjustable to produce constructive interference at a single harmonic of the output signal from the master oscillator and destructive interference of all other harmonics within the pass band and to bring the slave oscillator into injection locked condition with the master oscillator. Therefore the slave OEO is used as a filter for the spurious radiation generated by the master OEO and at the same time preserves the high Q of the RF carrier signal from the master OEO.

Abstract: According to at least one embodiment, a system comprises a Sagnac interferometric loop and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) located at an asymmetric position on that loop, wherein the Sagnac interferometric loop and the SOA are operable to perform signal conversion on an input signal.