Abstract: The invention concerns a (stereoscopic) surgical microscope having a system for reflecting in illumination in which the illumination beam path (5) is switched into the microscope's main beam path via a deflection element (1) whose diameter exceeds the spacing of the observation beam paths (3). Different illumination angles for the specimen (10) can be generated by means of a stop (8) that is shiftable radially about the axis (5a) of the illumination beam path (5).

Abstract: An optical system is capable of enhancing vision of low vision individuals using a simple adjustment mechanism that requires a minimum length of travel to effect a desired adjustment. First and second substantially perpendicular mirrors are mounted in a cluster for pivotable movement. An entrance mirror is pivoted in response to pivoting movement of the mirror cluster so as to ensure proper convergence when the object to be viewed is close to the objective lens or lenses in a binocular system. The system also includes an objective lens and an eyepiece lens and is readily mounted to a conventional eyeglasses frame.

Abstract: A viewfinder apparatus includes an objective lens unit, an eyepiece unit, an image display element for displaying an image formed by an image pick-up element, an illuminating device for illuminating the image display element, an optical system for introducing a light ray from the image display element illuminated by the illuminating device backward, and a reflecting member for introducing a light ray from the optical system to the eyepiece unit, and wherein the values of a focal length fr of the optical system and a focal length fe of the eyepiece unit satisfy the condition 1<fe/fr<6.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a real image viewfinder optical system with high optical performance and compactness, whose dimension of a whole optical system including an image inverter optical system is small in the thickness direction, and whose dimension to an object side of an eyepiece lens system is small in the thickness direction. A real image viewfinder optical system comprises, in order from an object side, an objective lens system having a positive refractive power as a whole, an eyepiece lens system for observing a real image formed by the objective lens system and having a positive refractive power, and an image inverter optical system for erecting the image to be observed and arranged to an exit pupil side of a lens located to the most object side of the objective lens system and also to the object side of a lens located to the most exit pupil side of the eyepiece lens system. Conditional expressions are satisfied.

Abstract: An arrangement for optical scanning of a specimen, in particular in preferably confocal laser scanning microscopy, a lens or an objective (3) and at least one scanning mirror (4) being arranged in the illumination/detection beam path (1, 2), is characterized, for scanning specimen fields that exceed the specimen field size of the microscope optical system with sufficiently rapid data recording using simple optical components, in that the mirror (4) rotates or pivots with a rotation axis (5) that is at least largely orthogonal to the scanned surface of the specimen.

Abstract: An image-blur correcting viewing-optical system includes an objective optical system, an image-erecting optical system and an eyepiece optical system.

Abstract: A real image mode variable magnification finder has an objective optical system with positive refracting power, an image erecting optical system, and an ocular optical system with positive refracting power. The objective optical system has a first lens unit with negative refracting power, a second lens unit with negative refracting power, a third lens unit with positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit with negative refracting power. When the magnification of the finder is changed, at least one lens unit, namely the third lens unit is moved. In this way, the total length of the objective optical system can be reduced, and thus a compact finder is obtained.

Abstract: A multi-element folded optical train is provided for the increase of magnification of an optical microscope. The apparatus includes a plurality of reflective elements arranged to provide a continuous optical path through each of the reflective elements. The apparatus is employed as an intermediary between the objective and eyepiece of the optical microscope such that light from the objective passes through the various reflective elements and to the eyepiece.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system includes at least three optical units which are a first moving optical unit, a fixed optical unit and a second moving optical unit. The three optical units are arranged in that order in a propagation direction of light, and a variation of magnification is effected by a relative movement between the first moving optical unit and the second moving optical unit.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical instrument having at least one binocular viewing port, in which in the two channels of at least one binocular beam path there are provided beam splitters that make it possible to reflect a portion of the beam path out onto an imaging device or the like, and to reflect into the respective channel, toward the viewing port, data or images that have been made available.

Abstract: Provisions must be made in surgery microscopes for eye surgeries through the selective adding of optics so that a non-reversed and erect-standing image can be produced including that of the fundus of the eye. A device for the image reversion is fastened on the microscope so that it can be moved into the beam path and is then provided between the lens and the eye so that the overall height of the microscope is not influenced. This inventive arrangement can be utilized very universally on very differently designed microscopes and can be operated with prism systems of varying design's.

Abstract: A compact binoculars utilizing roof mirrors is disclosed. Compactness of the binoculars is achieved by maintaining the optical axis in the same plane as the axes of movement of the focusing apparatus and eyewidth adjustment apparatus. A method of manufacturing the roof mirror is also disclosed. The method allows produces and inexpensive and precisely aligned roof mirror for use in the compact binoculars.

Abstract: A disclosed optical apparatus comprises an optical unit including a light entrance surface, light reflecting surfaces and a light exit surface all of which are integrally formed of transparent material, and the optical unit has in its interior an internal refracting surface for refracting light. Since a light beam passes through the optical unit from the light entrance surface to the light exit surface via the internal refracting surface and the light reflecting surfaces along a bent optical path, the optical apparatus is reduced in size and improved in optical performance, particularly, well corrected in chromatic aberration. Another disclosed optical apparatus is arranged to achieve zooming by using a plurality of optical units each of which is similar to the aforesaid optical unit.

Abstract: A lens barrel for microscope comprises a first optical system (G1), a second optical system (G2), and a third optical system (G3). The first optical system (G1) comprises a lens unit (G1L) which forms an intermediate image, a prism (P1), and deflecting mirrors (M1, M2). The second optical system (G2) comprises a deflecting mirror (M3) and a lens unit and converts an intermediate image by the lens unit (G1L) into a beam of parallel rays. The third optical system (G3) introduces the beam of parallel rays from the second optical system (G2) into an ocular. The deflecting mirror (M3) is configured to be turned around an axis normal to a center axis of the beam of rays from the first optical system (G1) and to a center axis of the beam of rays from the second optical system (G2) at the point P of intersection of these center axes.

Abstract: A portable variable power zoom periscope having an upright oriented main tubular member having a reciprocally mounted slide bar attached thereto. A prism housing is secured to the top end of the slide bar. A flashlight holder is detachably secured to an attachment bracket at the top end of the slide bar and it has a flashlight removably mounted therein. The portable variable power zoom periscope has a focusing lens assembly, a zoom lens assembly and a detachable handle. A belt hook is removably secured to the periscope by the removable handle. The handle may have a radio mounted therein.

Abstract: A telescope or binoculars includes an erecting system having a plurality of reflecting surfaces. First and second reflecting surfaces and third and fourth reflecting surfaces respectively face each other at right angles. An intersection line between extended surfaces of the first and second reflecting surfaces is perpendicular to the intersection line between extended surfaces of the third and fourth reflecting surfaces. An objective lens is located between the second and third reflecting surfaces and converges object light that is reflected by the first and second reflecting surfaces for forming an image. An eyepiece is located between the fourth reflecting surface and an eye point to magnify the image formed by the objective lens.

Abstract: A surveying instrument includes a sighting telescope having an objective lens and an eyepiece; an erecting optical system functioning so that an image formed by said objective lens is viewed as an erect image through the eyepiece; and a light shield device, positioned in an optical path extending from an incident surface of the erecting optical system to an exit surface of the erecting optical system, for preventing an off-field light bundle which is incident on the erecting optical system from reaching the eyepiece.

Abstract: Disclosed is a prism having a light incident surface, a light emerging surface, and at least one light reflection surface. The light incident on the light incident surface is reflected, inside the prism, by the light reflection surface, and emerged from the light emerging surface. At least one light reflection surface has a reflecting surface which does not satisfy a total reflection condition. A reflection area is formed on the at-least-one light reflection surface by applying light reflecting material. The reflection-area corresponds to a portion on which a normal light is incident. Further, a portion of the-at least-one reflection surface other than the reflection area is formed to be a low-reflection area-which has a lower reflectance index than the reflection area.

Abstract: A telescopic device comprises an eyepiece lens, an objective lens, a first plane mirror, a second plane mirror, and a roof reflecting mirror. The first optical axis located along the first plane mirror is parallel to the second optical axis located along the second plane mirror. The device includes a compensator for accidental image jitters comprising a pivot mechanism, an inertial sensor and a servo system for adjusting the plane mirror.

Abstract: A real image mode variable magnification finder has an objective optical system with positive refracting power, an image erecting optical system, and an ocular optical system with positive refracting power. The objective optical system has a first lens unit with negative refracting power, a second lens unit with negative refracting power, a third lens unit with positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit with negative refracting power. When the magnification of the finder is changed, at least one lens unit, namely the third lens unit is moved. In this way, the total length of the objective optical system can be reduced, and thus a compact finder is obtained.

Abstract: An optical prism 100 for reflecting light incident on its light incidence surface 12 suited for incidence of light from an LCD 20 at least twice within itself and emitting the reflected light as emitted light from a light emission surface 14 to the outside. The optical prism is coupled in use with a display element support 30 adapted to suit it. The side surfaces of the optical prism crossing the light incidence surface 12 and light emission surface 14 have projections 90L and 90R for mounting the optical prism on the display element support.

Abstract: An image pickup optical system includes an optical unit having a light incidence surface on which a light is incident, a light reflecting surface reflecting the light incident from the light incidence surface and having a curvature, and a light emergence surface from which the light reflected by the light reflecting surface emerges, and a transparent optical member disposed near the surface position of at least one of the light incidence surface and the light emergence surface. The optical member is adhesively fixed to the optical unit to thereby make any special holding member for the optical member relative to the optical unit unnecessary.

Abstract: A light interception structure for an automatic focus detection surveying instrument that includes a telescopic optical system having an objective optical system and an ocular optical system. A beam splitting optical element splits object light transmitted through the objective optical system of the telescopic optical system and includes a splitting surface. A focus detection device has a light receiving device for receiving light split by the beam splitting optical element. One surface of the beam splitting optical element is provided with an anti-reflection treatment. The one surface is a surface upon which external light entering the telescopic optical system through the ocular optical system is first incident after passing through or being reflected by the beam splitting surface of the beam splitting optical element.

Abstract: An image display apparatus having a three-dimensionally decentered optical path to attain a reduction in overall size of the apparatus and to place constituent members effectively in a dead space, thereby permitting the apparatus to be designed in a variety of ways. The apparatus includes an image display device and a viewing optical system for leading an image formed by the image display device to a pupil. The viewing optical system has at least a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface positioned closer to the pupil than the first reflecting surface along the optical path. A first plane defined by the optical axis incident on the first reflecting surface and the optical axis reflected therefrom and a second plane defined by the optical axis incident on the second reflecting surface and the optical axis reflected therefrom intersect each other at an arbitrary angle, thereby forming a three-dimensionally decentered optical path.

Abstract: A panoramic periscope includes a central body (3, 3A) and a rotating head-piece (9) supported on the central body. Inside the central body, an optical path (21, 23, 101, 105, 109, 111, 113) for an optical beam (F,) coming from the head-piece (9) is provided. A viewing module (17) receives the optical beam, for observing the external scenery. A laser telemeter (19) is provided and, along the optical path, a separator element (10S) with an inner dichroic surface (105A) is passed through by the optical beam coming from the head-piece (9). The inner dichroic surface (105A) separates a laser beam coming from the head-piece (9) and deviating it towards a separate optical path (107) which conveys the laser beam towards the laser telemeter (19). The separator element (105) has an entry surface (105I) and an exit surface (105U) which are parallel with one another and passed through by the optical beam (FV), the surfaces being perpendicular to the optical beam (FV).

Abstract: A real image mode variable magnification finder has an objective optical system with positive refracting power, an image erecting optical system, and an ocular optical system with positive refracting power. The objective optical system has a first lens unit with negative refracting power, a second lens unit with negative refracting power, a third lens unit with positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit with negative refracting power. When the magnification of the finder is changed, a plurality of lens units including the third lens unit are moved. In this way, the total length of the objective optical system can be reduced, and thus a compact finder is obtained.

Abstract: A real image mode variable magnification finder includes, in order from an object side, an objective optical system with positive power, having at least three lens units; an image erecting device; and an ocular optical system with positive power. This finder also satisfies the following condition: 0.1≧&bgr;W Z/DW≧0.080 where &bgr;W is a magnification at a wide-angle position of the finder, Z is the variable magnification ratio of the finder, and DW is an axial distance, in millimeters, from the object-side surface of the first lens unit of the objective optical system to the pupil-side surface of the third lens unit thereof at the wide-angle position of the finder. In this way, the real image mode variable magnification finder which is small in size, high in magnification, large in angle of emergence, and easy to observe can be provided.

Abstract: An optical pick-up able to reduce a change of an optical axis of a light beam emitted to a photodetector when the optical element is tilted. An optical element in the optical pick-up is struck with an incident light beam from a first surface of a first prism, reflects the light beam refracted at the first surface at the second surface 161b, refracts the reflected light beam at the joined surfaces of the first prism and the second prism, and further refracts the refracted light beam at the first surface of the second prism to form an emitted light beam. The direction of the incident light beam and the direction of the emitted light beam perpendicularly intersect in the same plane.

Abstract: A compact magnification-varying viewfinder optical system includes an objective lens unit for forming a primary image, the objective lens unit having at least one curved reflection surface arranged to reflect a light flux and a lens surface, and an eyepiece lens unit for observing the primary image, wherein an optical power is imparted to the curved reflection surface.

Abstract: A reflective telecentric lens which uses an on-axis type concave mirror in a pseudo-off-axis manner to avoid blockage of a portion of the field of view. The concave mirror used in a pseudo-off-axis manner permits the telecentric stop, imaging lens, and film or an electronic detector to be moved outside of the field of view.

Abstract: An optical element (10, 10′, 10″) for deflecting light beams (18, 19), which enter and re-emerge from the latter, in such a way that their angle of emergence (&ggr;) is limited, in particular for use as a luminaire-cover, having a plate-like core (11, 11′, 11″) of transparent material which on one side is occupied by microprisms (12, 13) that taper—starting from their root (15)—forming furrows (22), wherein all of the top surfaces (14) of the microprisms form the light-entry face and the other side (21) of the core forms the light-emergence face, and wherein the top surfaces (14) of the microprisms are formed convexly or concavely in a continuous or non-continuous manner, and also a method for producing the optical element (10, 10′, 10″).

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprises at least three optical units which are a first moving optical unit, a fixed optical unit and a second moving optical unit. The three optical units are arranged in that order in a propagation direction of light, and a variation of magnification is effected by a relative movement between the first moving optical unit and the second moving optical unit.

Abstract: A lens barrel for microscope comprises a first optical system (G1), a second optical system (G2), and a third optical system (G3) . The first optical system (G1) comprises a lens unit (G1L) which forms an intermediate image, a prism (P1), and deflecting mirrors (M1, M2). The second optical system (G2) comprises a deflecting mirror (M3) and a lens unit and converts an intermediate image by the lens unit (G1L) into a beam of parallel rays. The third optical system (G3) introduces the beam of parallel rays from the second optical system (G2) into an ocular. The deflecting mirror (M3) is configured to be turned around an axis normal to a center axis of the beam of rays from the first optical system (G1) and to a center axis of the beam of rays from the second optical system (G2) at the point P of intersection of these center axes.

Abstract: A viewfinder apparatus includes an objective lens unit, an eyepiece unit, an image display element for displaying an image formed by an image pick-up element, an illuminating device for illuminating the image display element, an optical system for introducing a light ray from the image display element illuminated by the illuminating device backward, and a reflecting member for introducing a light ray from the optical system to the eyepiece unit, and wherein the values of a focal length fr of the optical system and a focal length fe of the eyepiece unit satisfy the condition 1<fe/fr<6.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an optical unit including a light entrance surface, light reflecting surfaces and a light exit surface all of which are integrally formed of transparent material, and the optical unit has in its interior an internal refracting surface for refracting light. Since a light beam passes through the optical unit from the light entrance surface to the light exit surface via the internal refracting surface and the light reflecting surfaces along a bent optical path, the optical apparatus is reduced in size and improved in optical performance, particularly, well corrected in chromatic aberration. Another disclosed optical apparatus is arranged to achieve zooming by using a plurality of optical units each of which is similar to the aforesaid optical unit.

Abstract: In a real-image finder optical system, at least two reflection surfaces are utilized for diopter adjustment, and wherein first and second diopter-adjusting reflection surfaces form a right angle therebetween; an optical axis from the objective optical system to the first diopter-adjusting reflection surface and an optical axis from the second diopter-adjusting reflection surface are parallel with each other; the two optical axes are perpendicular to the optical axis being incident from the object to the objective optical system; diopter adjustment is performed by integrally moving the first and second diopter-adjusting reflection surfaces so that the optical path length from the image forming plane of the objective optical system to the eyepiece optical system is varied; and the following condition is satisfied: 0.1<L1/L2<0.

Abstract: A real-image zoom finder optical system in which the objective lens system, the condenser lens system, the erecting optical system and the eyepiece lens system are arranged in this order from the object. The objective lens system includes a negative lens group (O1) and a positive lens group (O2), in this order from the object, and these lens groups are moveable along the optical axis upon zooming. Further, the negative lens group (O1) includes a negative meniscus single lens element (O11) having a convex surface facing towards the object, and a meniscus single lens element (O12) having a convex surface facing towards the image, in this order from the object.

Abstract: There is provided a spread illuminating apparatus which is improved in terms of compactness. A transparent substrate (2A) is composed of a transparent substrate proper (15), a curve (16) and an extension (17) which is plate-like, continuous with the curve (16) and substantially perpendicular to the transparent substrate proper (15). Light rays from a spot-like light source (6) enter the extension (17). Thereafter, the light rays enter the transparent substrate proper (15) due to the total internal reflection at the extension (17) and the curve (16), the reflection at a curved surface (16a) of the curve (16), and the like. Thus the light rays enter the transparent substrate proper (15) with the spot-like light source (6) not disposed on the same plane as the transparent substrate proper (15).

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical apparatus for observation which is provided with drive control means for driving a variable angle prism on the basis of an output signal from vibration detecting means and in which the variable angle prism is installed between an objective lens and an erect prism.

Abstract: A real image mode variable magnification finder has an objective optical system with positive refracting power, an image erecting optical system, and an ocular optical system with positive refracting power. The objective optical system has a first lens unit with negative refracting power, a second lens unit with negative refracting power, a third lens unit with positive refracting power, and a fourth lens unit with negative refracting power. When the magnification of the finder is changed, at least one lens unit, namely the third lens unit is moved. In this way, the total length of the objective optical system can be reduced, and thus a compact finder is obtained.

Abstract: A convergence tube for stereomicroscopes in which both observation beam paths are inclined relative to one another at an angle of convergence &agr; and image inversion elements are provided in both observation beam paths. Four planar reflectors R1 to R4 are provided in each of the two beam paths and are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the axis beams incident on and emergent from the reflectors R1, R2 lie in a common plane E1,2, the axis beams incident on and emergent from the reflector R3 describe a plane E3 that forms an angle &bgr;=90°+&agr;/4 with the plane E1,2, and the axis beams incident on and emergent from the reflector R4 describe a plane E4 that forms an angle &bgr;2=&agr;/2 with plane E3.

Abstract: A real image type finder optical system includes, in order from the object side, an objective optical system, a first prism, a second prism, and an eyepiece lens. The first prism includes a first face as an entrance surface confronting the exit plane of the objective optical system, a second face making an angle of 22.5° with respect to this first face and a third face for transmitting the finder optical axis bent in order by the second face and the first face. The second prism includes a first face as an entrance surface confronting the third face of the first prism with a space therebetween, a second face opposed to the first face so as to bend the finder optical axis toward the object side within a horizontal plane, a third face for turning the finder optical axis bent in order by the second face and the first face to a direction generally coaxial with the eyepiece lens and a fourth face for transmitting the optical axis turned from the third face.

Abstract: An image-blur correcting optical system includes a positive blur-correcting lens group constituted by the rear lens group which is arranged to move in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, in accordance with the magnitude of a shake imposed on the optical system. The image-blur correcting optical system satisfies the following conditions: 0.04<A/fO<0.2  (1) 0.35<B/fO<0.5  (2) TL/fO>1.1  (3) A: the distance between the blur-correcting lens group and an optical element on the object-side of the blur-correcting lens group; B: the distance between the blur-correcting lens group and an optical element on the operator's eye-side of the blur-correcting lens group; FO: the focal length of the objective optical system; and TL: the distance between the object-side surface of the most object-side lens element in the objective optical system and the image plane thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical apparatus for observation which is provided with drive control means for driving a variable angle prism on the basis of an output signal from vibration detecting means and in which the variable angle prism is installed between an objective lens and an erect prism.

Abstract: A real image type finder optical system comprising, in order from the object side, an objective optical system of non-telecentric system, a first prism having a wedge angle of 3°, a second prism, a third prism, and an eyepiece lens. The second prism has a first face as the entrance surface in contact with the back surface of the first prism, a second face forming an angle of 22.5° with respect to the first face and a third face for transmitting the optical axis bend by these second face and first face. The third prism has a first face as the entrance surface spaced in parallel from and confronting the third face of the second prism, a second face forming 45° with respect to the first face in order to bend the optical axis toward the object side at an angle of 90° within a horizontal plane, and a third face formed as roof faces for bending the optical axis bent by the second face toward the first face at an angle of 45° within a horizontal plane.

Abstract: A fast and compact decentered optical system corrected for aberrations due to three-dimensional decentration by three-dimensionally disposing a rotationally asymmetric surface having no plane of symmetry. The decentered optical system includes at least one optical surface with a rotationally asymmetric surface configuration having no plane of symmetry and having a positive power. The decentered optical system has an entrance surface, at least three reflecting surfaces, and an exit surface. At least one of intersections between an optical axis and the entrance surface, the reflecting surfaces and the exit surface is not in a plane where the other intersections are present.

Abstract: A lens system for a microscope having a variable angle lens-barrel. The lens-barrel includes an afocal optical system lying along an optical path extending from an infinite correction type objective lens to an ocular lens and comprises a first lens group which has positive refractive power, a second lens group which has negative refractive power, and a third lens group which has positive refractive power. The lens system includes a reflective mirror positioned between the second lens group and the third lens group which is mounted for rotation a out a pendular axis. Light through the infinite correction type objective lens becomes a parallel light beam which is passed to the third lens group from the reflective mirror.

Abstract: A lightweight and small-sized high-power monocular, or binoculars, including a wide-view telescopic optical system to have a wide view and a bright field of view is provided. The wide-view telescopic optical system includes a reverse reflection optical system interposed between an objective lens system and an eye lens system. The reverse reflection optical system includes a first reflector arranged at an angle of 45 degrees to an incident optical axis. The reverse reflection optical system also includes a right-angled isosceles triangle prism having roof surfaces whose ridge line is laid on an axis parallel with the incident optical axis so as to receive a reflected light from the first reflector at a part of an oblique side surface of the prism. The reverse reflection optical system further includes a second reflector arranged to oppose another part of the oblique side surface of the right-angled isosceles triangle prism from which light reflected by the prism is emitted.

Abstract: A real image mode finder includes an objective optical system and an eyepiece optical system which has at least one reflecting surface. The objective optical system includes, in order from the object side, an objective unit, a first prism and a second prism. The first prism has an entrance surface which transmits a light beam emerging from the objective unit and a transmission surface which is optically inclined with respect to the entrance surface. The second prism has a reflecting surface, situated nearly opposite to the entrance surface of the first prism, for obliquely reflecting the light beam transmitted through the first prism toward the object side, a transmitting-reflecting surface located nearly parallel with the transmission surface of the first prism, at a minute distance away therefrom, to transmit the light transmitted through the first prism and to totally reflect the light from the reflecting surface, and an exit surface.

Abstract: An indication-within-finder free from ghost light is provided at a minimal cost even in the case of a pentagonal prism or the like. The finder includes an objective system (61) having a positive refracting power, an image-inverting system including a roof prism (62) and a pentagonal prism (63), and an ocular system (64) having a positive refracting power. An object image is formed on an intermediate image plane (65) by the objective system (61) and the roof prism (62). The object image is viewed with the ocular system (64) through the pentagonal prism (63). The position of the intermediate image plane (65) is approximately coincident with the entrance surface of the pentagonal prism (63). A deflecting member (67) projecting in a wedge shape is provided on the entrance surface of the pentagonal prism (63). Light rays (68′) passing through the deflecting member (67) are deflected by refracting surfaces (67′ and 67″).