Abstract: Certain examples are directed to optical elements or devices that pass or process the light based on a set of connectable metasurface elements having been topology optimized. The connectable metasurface elements are independently optimized or designed to have each section having its own metasurface phase profile corresponding to a desired phase profile. In this way, such devices need not be designed or manufactured by importing a large number of results into simulation efforts, thereby realizing significant saving in terms of optimization time and computational power.

Abstract: A display system aligns the location of its exit pupil with the location of a viewer's pupil by changing the location of the portion of a light source that outputs light. The light source may include an array of pixels that output light, thereby allowing an image to be displayed on the light source. The display system includes a camera that captures images of the eye and negatives of the images are displayed by the light source. In the negative image, the dark pupil of the eye is a bright spot which, when displayed by the light source, defines the exit pupil of the display system. The location of the pupil of the eye may be tracked by capturing the images of the eye, and the location of the exit pupil of the display system may be adjusted by displaying negatives of the captured images using the light source.

Abstract: A monolithic double diffractive kinoform doublet and a method for making such optical element is disclosed. In one embodiment, the optical element includes a first lens and a second lens. The first lens has a first refractive index. The first lens also has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is a continuous, potentially flat surface for optical radiation to enter. The second lens has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. The second lens has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is in contact with the second surface of the first lens. The optical element has a peak diffraction efficiency at a first wavelength and at a second wavelength different than the first wavelength.

Abstract: A self-temperature focus compensation device adapted to cooperate with a lens group and including at least one Fresnel lens group is provided. Each Fresnel lens group has zero focal power at a specific temperature and is a cemented lens. Each Fresnel lens group includes a first Fresnel lens and a second Fresnel lens. The first Fresnel lens has positive focal power. The second Fresnel lens has negative focal power. A sum of a focal power change of the at least one Fresnel lens group with a temperature change and a focal power change of the lens group with the temperature change is zero.

Abstract: Systems and methods for inspection of a specimen are provided. One system includes an illumination subsystem configured to illuminate the specimen by scanning a spot across the specimen. The system also includes a non-imaging detection subsystem configured to generate output signals responsive to light specularly reflected from the spot scanned across the specimen. In addition, the system includes a processor configured to generate images of the specimen using the output signals and to detect defects on the specimen using the images. In one embodiment, the non-imaging detection subsystem includes an objective and a detector. An NA of the objective does not match a pixel size of the detector. In another embodiment, the non-imaging detection subsystem includes an objective having an NA of greater than about 0.05. The system may be configured for multi-spot illumination and multi-channel detection. Alternatively, the system may be configured for single spot illumination and multi-channel detection.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an optical lens that includes wafer level diffractive microstructures. In one embodiment, the optical lens includes a substrate, a microstructure layer having a first refractive index, and a protective layer having a second refractive index that is different from the first refractive index. The microstructure layer is formed on the substrate and includes a plurality of diffractive microstructures. The protective layer is formed on the diffractive microstructures. The protective layer provides a cleanable surface and encapsulates the diffractive microstructures to prevent damage and contamination to the diffractive microstructures. In another embodiment, the optical lens includes a substrate and an anti-reflective layer. The anti-reflective layer is formed on the substrate and includes a plurality of diffractive microstructures.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for a wide field of view (WFOV) optical doublet system. The system includes a first lens. The first lens has a first surface facing a viewer side of the system and a second surface facing away from the viewer side. The first lens has a positive refractive power. The system includes a second lens. The second lens has a first surface facing the first lens and a second surface facing away from the first lens. The second lens has a positive refractive power. The system includes a display panel. The display panel has a display surface facing the second surface of the second lens. The first lens, the second lens, and the display panel are configured in order from the viewer side along an optical axis of the system. Only one surface of either the first lens or the second lens is a diffractive surface and only two surfaces are Fresnel surfaces.

Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate and a pattern. The substrate has a top surface and a bottom surface. The pattern is provided on the top surface. The pattern includes multiple levels such that a thickness of the pattern is less than a design wavelength. The pattern is configured to focus an incident radiation, received at one of the top surface or the bottom surface of the substrate, at one or more prescribed focal locations on a detection plane. The one or more prescribed focal locations on the detection plane changes in proportion to a wavelength of the incident radiation. The detection plane is an achromatic focal plane when the incident radiation includes multiple wavelengths.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a control device and a pyroelectric infrared sensor based lighting control system. The control device includes a focusing apparatus and at least two pyroelectric infrared sensors. The focusing apparatus includes at least two curved surface structural portions sequentially connected adjacent to each other. Each of the curved surface structural portions corresponds to one focusing point, the at least two pyroelectric infrared sensors are respectively disposed at respective focusing points, and the focusing apparatus is configured to focus external infrared signals onto the respective pyroelectric infrared sensors. The at least two pyroelectric infrared sensors are configured to convert changed infrared signals into voltage signals when any one of the pyroelectric infrared sensors receives the changed infrared signals, and then to control a switch status of a lighting fixture by using the voltage signals.

Abstract: There are provided a first lens unit having negative refractive power, a second lens unit having positive refractive power, a third lens unit having negative refractive power, and fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens units, which are arranged from an enlargement conjugate side toward a reduction conjugate side in this order, the first lens unit includes at least one negative lens and at least one positive lens arranged closer to the reduction conjugate side than the at least one negative lens, the third lens unit is movable from the enlargement conjugate side toward the reduction conjugate side for the zooming, and the refractive index of a lens included in the third lens unit meets a predetermined conditional equation.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength wavefront system and method for measuring diffractive lenses. A system may include one or more light sources configured to emit a plurality of wavelengths of light for diffraction by a diffractive lens. A light sensor may be configured to receive the light that is diffracted by the diffractive intraocular lens. A processor may be configured to determine one or more of the plurality of wavelengths that have a peak diffraction efficiency for the diffractive intraocular lens based on the light received by the light sensor.

Abstract: A diffraction optical element includes a first diffraction grating having a first grating surface and a first grating wall surface, a second diffraction grating having a second grating surface and a second grating wall surface, and a thin film configured to contact the first grating wall surface and the second grating wall surface. The predetermined conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: A two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) switchable display backlight and a 2D/3D switchable electronic display employ a switchable diffuser to support 2D/3D switching. The 2D/3D switchable display backlight includes a plate light guide, a multibeam diffraction grating to couple light out of the plate light guide and the switchable diffuser to intercept and selectably either pass or scatter light beams of the coupled-out light. The 2D/3D switchable electronic display includes the backlight and further includes a light valve array to modulate the coupled-out light. The switchable diffuser facilitates selectability between a three-dimensional pixel and a two-dimensional pixel of the 2D/3D switchable electronic display.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transmissive layer comprising a multitude of discrete volumes of first and second optical media arranged along the transmissive layer. The discrete volumes are arranged to approximate a desired phase function (typically modulo 2?) and are smaller than an operational wavelength in order to provide a range of phase delays needed to adequately approximate the desired phase function. Effecting at least partial reflow of one or both of the optical media can smooth the morphology of the transmissive layer so as to reduce unwanted diffraction or scattering.

Abstract: An ophthalmological optical element, in particular a spectacle lens, includes a first refractive optical substrate, which has a positive or negative first optical power; a first diffractive optical element, which has a second optical power; and a second diffractive optical element, which has a third optical power. The first diffractive optical element and the second diffractive optical element have opposite optical powers. The first diffractive optical element and the second diffractive optical element interact in an at least partly achromatic manner.

Abstract: The disclosed imaging device may include an optical sensor, a lens positioned to focus light from a scene onto the optical sensor, a matrix of variable-phase optical elements that are dimensioned to introduce at least two different phase delays into a wavefront of the light from the scene, and a housing that couples the matrix of variable-phase optical elements to the optical sensor. The housing may position the matrix at least substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of the optical sensor and may enable the optical sensor to capture at least two different perspectives of the scene per output image. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Examples of combining multiple laser beams into a single laser beam by using a circular or spiral diffraction grating are described. The multiple laser beams can be combined coherently or incoherently depending on the geometrical layout of the laser beams.

Abstract: A system for near-field measurement of a device under test in a far-field environment is provided. The system comprises a communication unit adapted to establish a far-field connection with the device under test. The system further comprises a measuring unit adapted to measure a magnitude and a phase of at least two field components. Moreover, the system comprises a processing unit adapted to perform far-field to near-field and/or near-field to near-field transformation of the field components in order to calculate field components at a specific surface in the near-field of the device under test.

Abstract: Diffraction grating-based backlighting having controlled diffractive coupling efficiency includes a light guide and a plurality of diffraction gratings at a surface of the light guide. The light guide is to guide light and the diffraction gratings are to couple out a portion of the guided light using diffractive coupling and to direct the coupled-out portion away from the light guide surface as a plurality of light beams at a principal angular direction. Diffraction gratings of the plurality include diffractive features having a diffractive feature modulation configured to selectively control a diffractive coupling efficiency of the diffraction gratings as a function of distance along the light guide surface.

Abstract: An optical lens includes a first lens group with negative refractive power, a second lens group with positive refractive power, and an aperture stop disposed between the first lens group and the second lens group. A total number of lenses in the first lens group is less than three, and a total number of lenses in the second lens group is less than five. The second lens group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens arranged in order in a direction away from the aperture stop. Each of the first lens and the second lens is an aspheric lens, and one of the first lens and the second lens has a diffractive optical surface.

Abstract: There is provided in the present disclosure a head-mounted display device, including: a first positive lens, a second positive lens and a micro-display component arranged coaxially and sequentially, where a light incident surface of the first positive lens is close to a light emergent surface of the second positive lens, and a light incident surface of the second positive lens is close to the micro-display component; the light emergent surface of the second positive lens is a convex Fresnel surface, and the light incident surface of the first positive lens is a planar Fresnel surface. The head-mounted display device provided by the present disclosure can effectively enlarge the field angle and reduce the volume.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lens comprising an anti-reflective stack designed for scotopic or mesopic conditions, wherein the anti-reflective stack design method uses the scotopic luminosity function CIE 1951 (defined by the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage).

Abstract: A system for surface patterning using a three dimensional holographic mask includes a light source configured to emit a light beam toward the holographic mask. The holographic mask can be formed as a topographical pattern on a transparent mask substrate. A semiconductor substrate can be positioned on an opposite site of the holographic mask as the light source and can be spaced apart from the holographic mask. The system can also include a base for supporting the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A reflective optical element includes a reflective surface comprising a multitude of discrete recessed and non-recessed areas arranged along the reflective surface. The discrete areas are arranged to approximate a desired phase function (typically modulo 2?) and are smaller than an operational wavelength in order to provide a range of phase delays needed to adequately approximate the desired phase function. Effecting at least partial reflow of one or more optical media or reflective materials can smooth the morphology of the reflective surface so as to reduce unwanted diffraction or scattering.

Abstract: An intraocular lens (100) is provided. The intraocular lens (100) includes an anterior surface (102) and a posterior surface (104). The posterior surface (104) defines a plurality of circular bands (114). Each circular band (114) is offset from its adjacent circular band (114) along a longitudinal axis (106) of the intraocular lens (100), wherein a surface (120) extends along the longitudinal axis (106) between peripheries of adjacent circular bands (114).

Abstract: A video display device includes an eyepiece; and a display panel that includes a display plane that has a diagonal length that is not greater than 40 mm, wherein the eyepiece includes a first lens group and a second lens group; the first lens group includes a first element that has a first optical surface on the side of the display panel and a second optical surface on the opposite side, wherein the first optical surface has a negative refractive power, and an outer region of the second optical surface has a negative curvature and is convex; the second lens group includes, a second element that has a Fresnel surface facing the side opposite to the display panel and having a positive refractive power, and a third element that has a Fresnel surface facing the side of the display panel and having a positive refractive power.

Abstract: A multi-waveguide optical structure, including multiple waveguides stacked to intercept light passing sequentially through each waveguide, each waveguide associated with a differing color and a differing depth of plane, each waveguide including: a first adhesive layer, a substrate having a first index of refraction, and a patterned layer positioned such that the first adhesive layer is between the patterned layer and the substrate, the first adhesive layer providing adhesion between the patterned layer and the substrate, the patterned layer having a second index of refraction less than the first index of refraction, the patterned layer defining a diffraction grating, wherein a field of view associated with the waveguide is based on the first and the second indices of refraction.

Abstract: The invention provides a positive/negative phase shift bimetallic zone plate and production method thereof, wherein the positive/negative phase shift bimetallic zone plate comprises: a first metallic material having a positive phase shift; a second metallic material having a negative phase shift at a working energy point; wherein the first metallic material and the second metallic material are alternately arranged, so that the second metallic material replaces the blank portion in a cycle of a traditional zone plate.

Abstract: A curved grating structure, a display panel and the display device are provided. The curved grating structure includes multiple grating strips spaced from each other. Grating intervals between adjacent grating strips are successively decreased from a center point of the curved grating structure to a terminal of the curved grating structure. The grating interval between two adjacent grating strips is a distance in a first direction between center points of the two adjacent grating strips, and the first direction is a direction perpendicular to a normal vector of the curved grating structure passing through a center point of the curved grating structure.

Abstract: Electromagnetic wave focusing devices and optical apparatuses including the same are provided. An electromagnetic wave focusing device may include a plurality of material members located at different distances from a reference point. The intervals and/or widths of the material members may vary with distance from the reference point. For example, the intervals and/or widths of the material members may increase or decrease with distance from the reference point. The intervals and/or widths of the material members may be controlled to satisfy a spatial coherence condition with the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to therapeutic intervention in patients with eye-length-related disorders to prevent, ameliorate, or reverse the effects of the eye-length-related disorders. Embodiments of the present invention include methods for early recognition of patients with eye-length-related disorders, therapeutic methods for inhibiting further degradation of vision in patients with eye-length-related disorders, reversing, when possible, eye-length-related disorders, and preventing eye-length-related disorders. Additional embodiments of the present invention are directed to particular devices used in therapeutic intervention in patients with eye-length-related disorders.

Abstract: A system and method includes reception of an indication of a region of interest of a plurality of image frames, determination of a first set of pixel locations of the region of interest which depict blood vessels, determination of a second set of pixel locations of the region of interest which depict non-vessel tissue, determination, for each of the plurality of the image frames, of a first contrast medium concentration corresponding to the first set of pixel locations, determination, for each of the plurality of the image frames, of a second contrast medium concentration corresponding to the second set of pixel locations, and display of a visualization depicting a first contrast medium concentration and a second medium concentration with respect to the respective time of each of the plurality of the image frames.

Abstract: To provide an optical component (phase plate) capable of acquiring an image of a deep depth of field or focal position, and an imaging device using it. What is provided is the optical component that includes multiple ring zones demarcated by multiple concentric circles, and is configured to be rotationally symmetric to a center of the concentric circles. Cross sections of the ring zones on a plane being parallel to a direction perpendicular to the concentric circles and including the center have concave or convex shapes. Each of the concave or convex shapes of the cross sections of the ring zones is asymmetric to a centerline of a width of each of the ring zones in a radial direction of the concentric circles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing enhanced image quality across a wide and extended range of foci encompass vision treatment techniques and ophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses and intraocular lenses (IOLs). Exemplary IOL optics can include an aspheric refractive profile imposed on a first or second lens surface, and a diffractive profile imposed on a first or second lens surface. The aspheric refractive profile can focus light toward a far focus. The diffractive profile can include a central zone that distributes a first percentage of light toward a far focus and a second percentage of light toward an intermediate focus. The diffractive profile can also include a peripheral zone, surrounding the central zone, which distributes a third percentage of light toward the far focus and a fourth percentage of light toward the intermediate focus.

Abstract: Several unique configurations for interferometric recording of volumetric phase diffractive elements with relatively high angle diffraction for use in waveguides are disclosed. Separate layer EPE and OPE structures produced by various methods may be integrated in side-by-side or overlaid constructs, and multiple such EPE and OPE structures may be combined or multiplexed to exhibit EPE/OPE functionality in a single, spatially-coincident layer. Multiplexed structures reduce the total number of layers of materials within a stack of eyepiece optics, each of which may be responsible for displaying a given focal depth range of a volumetric image.

Abstract: A wideband diffractive component diffracting an incident beam exhibiting a wavelength in a diffraction spectral band is provided. The diffractive component elementary areas are arranged on a surface, each area belonging to a type indexed by an index i lying between 1 and n, with n greater than 1, corresponding to blaze wavelength ?i of index i, the blaze wavelengths lying in the diffraction spectral band. An elementary area of type i includes microstructures sized less than 1.5 times the blaze wavelength of index i, arranged to form an artificial material exhibiting an effective index variation where an elementary area of type i constitutes a blazed diffractive element at the blaze wavelength ?i of index i, the different values of the blaze wavelengths and the proportion of surface area occupied by the areas of a given type a function of a global diffraction efficiency desired in the diffraction spectral band.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described, including an apparatus for testing a light beam emitted by a light source. The apparatus includes a transparent substrate, a first face of the substrate being shaped to define a plurality of optical deflectors. At least one optical detector is positioned to face a second face of the substrate that is not opposite the first face. Each one of the deflectors is configured to deflect a portion of the light beam toward the detector, when the light beam is passed through the first face of the substrate. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Objective lenses and corresponding optical systems and metrology tools, as well as methods are provided. Objective lenses comprise a central region conforming to specified imaging requirements and a peripheral region conforming to specified scatterometry requirements. The optical systems may comprise common-path optical elements configured to handle both imaging and scatterometry signals received through the objective lens. Using a single objective lens simplifies the design of the optical system while maintaining, simultaneously, the performance requirements for imaging as well as for scatterometry.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus (104) includes an acquirer (104b) configured to acquire information related to a lateral chromatic aberration, and a corrector (104c) configured to correct an image to reduce the lateral chromatic aberration based on the information related to the lateral chromatic aberration, the information related to the lateral chromatic aberration includes a first component related to a design value, and a second component related to a manufacturing error, each of the first component and the second component is a rotationally symmetric component.

Abstract: An optimized design method for manufacturing a Fresnel grating is disclosed, including the following steps: (1) making a Fresnel surface type of the Fresnel grating equivalent to a curved surface type, and determining, based on the curved surface type to which the Fresnel surface type is equivalent, an optical path difference function of the Fresnel grating: ? (?)=<AP1P2B>?<AOB>+Nm?; and (2) determining a Fresnel grating parameter that minimizes a function value of the optical path difference function, so as to manufacture a Fresnel grating that has an aberration elimination effect. The manufactured Fresnel grating may effectively eliminate a portion of aberrations of the Fresnel grating, and increase a resolution of a spectrometer.

Abstract: Various stacks of arrays of beam shaping elements are described. Each array of beam shaping elements can be formed, for example, as part of a monolithic piece that includes a body portion as well as the beam shaping elements. In some implementations, the monolithic pieces may be formed, for example, as integrally formed molded pieces. The monolithic pieces can include one or more features to facilitate stacking, aligning and/or centering of the arrays with respect to one another.

Abstract: The disclosure describes systems and apparatuses that include a focusable lens, as well as methods for focusing the optical lens. The focusable lens system includes a single element lens having a concave refractive surface characterized by a first radius of curvature and a convex refractive surface characterized by a second radius of curvature larger than the first radius of curvature. A detector element generates electrical signals representative of infrared rays refracted by the single element lens and incident on the detector element, and an aperture stop is disposed around an optical axis of the optical system and secured in a constant position relative to the detector element, the aperture stop configured to limit a cone angle of rays refracted by the single element lens. They system also includes image processing circuitry configured to generate digital pixilation data based on electrical signals generated by the detector element.

Abstract: A lens having microstructures has a first face and a second face. The first face has an optical portion at a central portion thereof. An optical mechanism portion is defined around the optical portion. The optical mechanism portion is formed with at least one recessed microstructure whose bottom has a matte surface.

Abstract: An optical signal processing apparatus using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) with a waveguide-array structure includes a PLC board including a waveguide-array structure, a cylinder lens for collimating optical signals emitted and output from the PLC board into parallel beams, a condenser lens for condensing, for each channel, optical signals output by passing through the cylinder lens, and a light receiving element for receiving optical signals condensed on at least one channel from the condenser lens and converting the optical signals into electrical signals, wherein the PLC board divides an optical signal input thereto into a plurality of different optical signals and outputs the optical signals at different propagation angles.

Abstract: The disclosure describes systems and apparatuses that include a focusable lens, as well as methods for focusing the optical lens. The focusable lens system includes a single element lens having a concave refractive surface characterized by a first radius of curvature and a convex refractive surface characterized by a second radius of curvature larger than the first radius of curvature. A detector element generates electrical signals representative of infrared rays refracted by the single element lens and incident on the detector element, and an aperture stop is disposed around an optical axis of the optical system and secured in a constant position relative to the detector element, the aperture stop configured to limit a cone angle of rays refracted by the single element lens. They system also includes image processing circuitry configured to generate digital pixilation data based on electrical signals generated by the detector element.

Abstract: Optical apparatus includes first and second diffractive optical elements (DOEs) arranged in series to diffract an input beam of radiation. The first DOE is configured to apply to the input beam a pattern with a specified divergence angle, while the second DOE is configured to split the input beam into a matrix of output beams with a specified fan-out angle. The divergence and fan-out angles are chosen so as to project the radiation onto a region in space in multiple adjacent instances of the pattern.

Abstract: An array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof and a display are disclosed. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a plurality of sub-pixels disposed on the base substrate, and a phase shift pattern disposed on the base substrate to separate the sub-pixels; the phase shift pattern is disposed to allow light passing through the phase shift pattern to undergo phase shift, and positions corresponding to the phase shift pattern are substantially opaque to light. Lateral light leakage is reduced by the phase shift pattern, and transmission rate of products become uniform, and therefore stability of products are increased.

Abstract: Optical apparatus includes a diffractive optical element (DOE), which includes multiple optical surfaces, including at least an entrance surface and an exit surface, and a side surface, which is not parallel to the optical surfaces of the DOE. A grating is formed on at least one of the optical surfaces so as to receive radiation entering the DOE via the entrance surface and to diffract the radiation into a predefined pattern comprising multiple diffraction orders that exit the DOE via the exit surface. An optical detector is positioned in proximity to the side surface so as to receive and sense an intensity of a high order of the radiation diffracted from the grating that passes through the side surface of the DOE.

Abstract: A light flux controlling member of the present invention includes an incidence area and an emission area. The incidence area includes a plurality of protrusions each having an incidence surface, a reflection surface, and a ridge line. The reflection surface disposed outermost includes a plurality of split reflection surfaces that reflects light having entered the light flux controlling member toward the emission area, and one or two or more stepped surfaces disposed between the two adjacent split reflection surfaces and at a dead angle position relative to a traveling direction of the light having entered the light flux controlling member. The protrusion disposed outermost has a projection part projecting in a direction along a central axis, with a tip portion thereof being closer to the emission area than an end portion of the light flux controlling member on a light emitting element side is in the direction along the central axis.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a finger biometric sensor that may include an array of electric field sensing pixels and image data output circuitry coupled thereto. The electronic device may also include a dielectric layer over the array of electric field sensing pixels and causing electric field diffusion so that the image data output circuitry generates image data corresponding to a blurred finger image. The electronic device may also include deblurring circuitry coupled to the image data output circuitry and capable of processing the image data to produce processed image data representative of a deblurred finger image.