Abstract: There is provided an eyepiece optical system including a lens, a surface nearest to an observer side of the lens disposed nearest to the observer side being formed in a convex shape on the observer side, and the eyepiece optical system satisfying a conditional expression (1) |RL/DH|<1.7, where RL is a radius of curvature of the surface nearest to the observer side, and DH is a shortest distance in a radial direction from an optical axis to an edge surface of the lens nearest to the observer side.

Abstract: An optical viewer is disclosed which incorporates plastic lenses which reduce the weight and cost of the optical viewer. In accordance with an important aspect of the invention, the optical design of the viewer is configured to compensate for the inferior optical characteristics of the plastic lenses to provide an optical viewer with comparable performance relative to optical viewers with glass lenses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for pattern formation and an apparatus for pattern formation, the method comprising: applying, between partition lines for pattern formation formed on a surface of a base member, a resin composition for pattern formation having small compatibility or substantially no compatibility with a resin forming the partition lines for pattern formation, in a state in which the surface of the base member with the partition lines for pattern formation formed whereon is placed face down; maintaining the state in which the resin composition for pattern formation is held on the surface of the base member that is placed face down in order to form the resin composition for pattern formation applied between the partition lines for pattern formation into a downward convex shape; and curing the resin composition for pattern formation that is formed into the downward convex shape in order to form a pattern.

Abstract: An optical element (1) made of a material that is transparent to wavelengths in the UV region, which optical element (1) includes an oleophobic coating (6, 7) outside of its optically free diameter whose disperse component of the surface energy is preferably 25 mN/m or less, particularly preferably 20 mN/m or less, in particular 15 mN/m or less. In addition or as an alternative, the optical element (1) within its optically free diameter comprises an oleophilic coating (9b, 9c) that is transparent to wavelengths in the UV region, with the disperse component of the surface energy of this coating preferably being more than 25 mN/m, particularly preferably more than 30 mN/m, in particular more than 40 mN/m. The optical element may be provided in an arrangement in which it dips at least partially into an organic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical ocular system having imaging optics that map an image generated in an object plane such that a user can perceive the same in an image plane, wherein the imaging optics comprise a first lens having negative refractive power, and a deflection element having positive refractive power, which is connected downstream of the first lens, effecting a folding of the optical path by means of a single reflection, wherein the first lens and the object plane form a first optical group, and a displacement unit is provided, which can change the distance between the first optical group and the displacement element for the correction of spherical ametropia of the user.

Abstract: The invention provides a viewing optical system positioned between a viewing plane as a virtual plane and an eye point. The viewing optical system comprises, in order from the viewing plane side, a first lens and a filter.

Abstract: A pyramidal microlens for observing hole wall structure and a camera lens structure using the microlens constructed by a cone and a hemisphere formed at the root of the cone, the tip part of which is placed into the observed hole wall, such that a user's naked eye may approach the hemispherical surface to observe a locally enlarging image of the inner surface of the hole wall, in addition, the lens being able to be placed longitudinally in a hollow lens tube, which may be placed on a surface, such that the lens may be used at any surface.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor wafer (1) with one or more micro-mirrors (5) formed in a membrane layer (2) which is supported on a handle layer (3) with a buried oxide layer (6) between the membrane and handle layers (2,3) which avoids rupturing of tethers (7) which support the micro-mirrors (5) in the membrane layer (2) and also avoids bowing of the micro-mirrors (5). After trenches (14) are formed in the membrane layer (2) for defining the micro-mirrors (5) and the tethers (7), and prior to forming of through bores (9) through the handle layer (3) to the micro-mirrors (5), a support layer (20) of oxide is deposited on the exposed surface (12) of the membrane layer (2) over the micro-mirrors (5) and the tethers (7) and is back filled into the trenches (14) for supporting bridging portions (16) of the buried oxide layer (6).

Abstract: A surface microstructure is superimposed on the surface of a replication mould such as an injection moulding tool insert by laser interference exposure of a mask pattern and etching or electroplating the additional microstructure. The technique enables the post-processing of planar and non-planar replication moulds with additional microstructure to improve the functionality and value of the moulded components. A major area of application is an anti-reflection surface for injection moulded polymer optical components, achieved by the superposition of submicrometer anti-reflection grating structure onto injection moulding tool inserts.

Abstract: An eyepiece system comprising a single radial type gradient index lens which has a refractive index varying dependently on distances from an optical axis in a radial direction and a negative power. This eyepiece system is composed of a small number of lenses, and has chromatic aberration, curvature of field, spherical aberration, etc. which are corrected favorably.

Abstract: An eyepiece lens comprising a single gradient-index lens having a positive refracting power, or comprising a radial gradient-index lens having a positive refracting power, and a field lens, wherein the following Eqs. are satisfied:1<.PHI..sub.m /.PHI.<1.5 (1).vertline..PHI..sub.S1 /<-.PHI..sub.S2 (2)-0.01<1/V.sub.1 <0.025 (3)where .PHI. is the refracting power of the radial gradient-index lens, .PHI..sub.m is the refracting power of a medium of the radial gradient-index lens, .PHI..sub.S1 is the refractive power of a surface located on the eye side of the radial gradient-index lens, .PHI..sub.S2 is the refracting power of a surface located on the object side of the radial gradient-index lens, and V.sub.1 is a coefficient of color dispersion of the medium of the radial gradient-index lens.

Abstract: An eyepiece lens has a single lens element having a positive optical power, and the single lens element has a refractive power of an aspherical surface and a diffractive power. The eyepiece lens satisfies the following condition:-0.0006<{1 /(fl.multidot..nu.)}+.phi.DOE/.nu.DOE<0.0002where fl represents the focal length resulting from both refractive effect and diffractive effect of the eyepiece lens, .nu. represents the Abbe number of the eyepiece lens, .phi.DOE represents the power resulting from the diffractive effect of the eyepiece lens, and .nu.DOE represents the Abbe-number-equivalent value resulting from the diffractive effect of the eyepiece lens.

Abstract: A real image type zoom finder optical system is constructed by an objective optical system, an erect orthoscopic optical system and an eyepiece optical system sequentially arranged from an object side. The objective optical system is composed of first to fourth lens groups each constructed by a single lens. The erect orthoscopic image optical system is composed of two erect prisms. The eyepiece optical system is composed of one lens group. A front face of the second lens group is constructed by an aspherical surface such that the first, second, third and fourth lens groups respectively have positive, negative, positive and positive refracting powers. A real image formed by the objective optical system is focused and formed within the erect orthoscopic image optical system. A zooming operation is performed by moving the second lens group from the object side to an eyepiece side on an optical axis of the finder optical system.

Abstract: An eyepiece lens of the present invention and is arranged in a real image mode finder optical system consists essentially of a single positive meniscus lens convex on the object side having an object side surface and a pupil side surface, each of which is aspherical. This invention provides a compact eyepiece lens having a long optical path length from an image plane to the eyepiece lens, a large diameter of the exit pupil and a short focal length.

Abstract: An optical system for scanning a light beam across an object where the light beam is double reflected by the reflection surfaces of a rotating polygonal mirror. Beam expander optics are included in the light path for the light beam following the first reflection by the polygonal mirror to magnify the beam diameter to fill the length of the reflective surface of the polygonal mirror at the second reflection. The beam expander optics further include lenses for demagnifying scan angle in the light beam following the first reflection. The lenses of the beam expander optics are formed with a Petzval curvature (third order Seidel aberration) to correct for the distortion induced in the optics image plane by the longitudinal shift in the entrance pupil position at the first reflection as the polygonal mirror rotates.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic spiro(indoline) naphthoxazine compounds of improved photocolorability that may be graphically represented by the formula, ##STR1## In preferred embodiments, R.sub.1 is allyl, alkoxyalkyl, and alkyl; each R.sub.2 is alkyl or alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl; R.sub.5 is alkoxycarbonyl; and R.sub.6 is hydroxy, alkoxy, or carboxy, e.g., acetoxy. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the naphthoxazine compounds or combination thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., naphthopyran or benzopyran compounds, are also described.

Abstract: An optical system for scanning a light beam across an object where the light beam is double reflected by the reflection surfaces of a rotating polygonal mirror. Beam expander optics are included in the light path for the light beam following the first reflection by the polygonal mirror to magnify the beam diameter to fill the length of the reflective surface of the polygonal mirror at the second reflection. The beam expander optics further include lenses for demagnifying scan angle in the light beam following the first reflection. The lenses of the beam expander optics are formed with a Petzval curvature (third order Seidel aberration) to correct for the distortion induced in the optics image plane by the longitudinal shift in the entrance pupil position at the first reflection as the polygonal mirror rotates.

Abstract: In an ocular lens system for use with a penta-mirror, an ocular lens includes a positive meniscus lens whose concave surface is directed to the pupil side and whose convex surface is directed to the object. The concave and convex surfaces of the positive meniscus lens are aspherical. The two surface are shifted to the pupil side from reference spherical surfaces defined by paraxial radii of curvature.

Abstract: A cemented plastic lens is formed of two plastic lenses made of dissimilar synthetic resin materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion. The lenses have mating surfaces that have macroscopically the same curvature, and the mating surfaces are bonded together with a soft adhesive that is capable of elastic deformation by itself in a hardened state and that has the ability to attenuate the stress that will develop at the cemented interface due to the thermal expansion mismatch.

Abstract: An optical system for use in conjunction with a camera viewfinder having a penta-mirror comprises a positive first lens element and a negative second lens element satisfying predetermined conditions.