Abstract: A family of condenser lenses for an overhead projector (OHP) are designed to balance overall brightness in the projected image versus uniformity of illumination. The lenses are plano-convex and aspheric, and their conic constant is a function of the radius of curvature. The radius of curvature is further selected from a range which depends upon the size of the stage of the OHP. Preferred values of other parameters of the lens and OHP optical system are selected to complement the lens design. The lens is constructed of a heat-resistant material, such as borosilicate, to withstand the high temperatures generated by the incandescent lamp within the OHP base. Condenser lenses which are members of the described family provide performance, in terms of total luminous flux and uniformity of that flux, which is superior to the performance of previous designs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a projection lens system used for transferring circuit or other patterns from masks, etc. on which the circuit patterns are drawn onto semiconductor wafers by projection photolithography, and provides a projection lens system which makes high resolving power of the order of a few micrometers and wide exposure coverages compatible with each other.This projection lens system includes at least two sets of lens groups, each built up of lenses having concave surfaces located opposite to each other, and includes at least one lens surface of positive refractive power between said two sets of lens groups, said two sets of lens groups all satisfying the following conditions:1/L<.vertline..phi..sub.1 <20/L (1)1/L<.vertline..phi..sub.2 <20/L (2)wherein .phi..sub.1 and .phi..sub.2 stand for the respective negative refractive powers of said oppositely located concave surfaces, and L is the distance between object and image.

Abstract: A retro-focus-type lens is provided from a large conjugate side with a first lens group having a negative refracting power, a second lens group having a positive refracting power which is spaced away from the first lens group at an air interval D1, and a third lens group having a positive refracting power. The following conditions are satisfied when focal lengths of the first lens group, the second lens group, the third lens group, and a total lens system are assumed respectively as f1, f2, f3, and f:1.8<D1/f<3.01.1<f2/f3<1.61.5<.vertline.f1.vertline./f<2.3.A projection lens constructed by inserting a mirror in a lens system of thus constructed retro-focus type lens is used in a projection-type display apparatus.

Abstract: An optical system of a projection display apparatus includes a projection lens assembly having a first lens group having a negative power, a second lens group having a negative power and a third lens group having a positive power, all arranged in this order from a side of a screen. An air space is provided between the first and second lens groups and also between the second and third lens groups. Each air space is longer than the entire length of the second lens group as taken along the optical axis of the assembly.

Abstract: A projection lens system for a video projector for projecting a color image which is generated by combining red, green and blue images from an image source on a large screen. One lens element of a four lens optical lens system is disposed between an image-generating surface (or CRT) and an image combining unit for combining the images, and an oil chamber is provided by sealing the edges of the lens element and the image-generating surface. The flattening of the CRT's image-generating surface and a large aperture are attained by allowing the one lens to correct field curvature aberration and the other lenses to correct coma aberration. Separate cooling for respective CRTs enhances cooling devices efficiency and facilitates CRT movement adjustment for correcting chromatic aberration.

Abstract: In a retro-focus type lens divided into three lens units by the widest air spacing and the next widest air spacing, a first lens unit is disposed on a long conjugate side and has negative refractive power, and includes a negative lens and a lens provided with an aspherical surface, a second lens unit is disposed subsequently to the first lens unit and provided with a positive lens block, and a third lens unit is disposed subsequently to the second lens unit and has positive refractive power, and includes a negative lens and a positive lens.

Abstract: A magnifying projecting lens has a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group and a positive third lens group that is arranged in this order from a magnifying side. The lens groups are arranged so as to satisfy the following condition:fb/f>1.7,whereinfb equals a back focus when an object distance is .infin.f equals a focal length of the lens.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a three-element biocular eyepiece system 40 having a first optical element 42 with at least one diffractive surface 44, a second optical element 48 having a refracting convex surface 50 and a refracting concave surface b 52 is provided. A third optical element 54 having a refracting convex surface 56 and a refracting convex surface 58 is also employed. In another embodiment, a four-element biocular system 60 is disclosed as having an optical element 62 having a refracting concave surface 64 and a refracting convex surface 66, a refractive-diffractive hybrid optical element 68 having a diffractive surface 70 and a refracting convex surface 72, an optical element 74 having a refracting convex surface 76 and a refracting concave surface 78, and an optical element 80 having a refracting concave surface 82 and a refracting convex surface 84. The diffractive surfaces 44 and 70 have a kinoform profile 102 a-d or approximated kinoform profiles 112a-d and 122a-d.