Abstract: An improved endoscope employing phase conjugate imaging principles includes a first transmissive member for transmitting light rays received at a distal tip of the endoscope to an intermediate filter location. A phase conjugate filter at the intermediate filter location redirects the rays, according to the precise inverse of their incoming direction, along a second transmissive member optically identical to the first. Rays exiting the endoscope bear the exact relation to one another as when entering the tip of the endoscope and may be imaged or displayed on an eyepiece or video screen.

Abstract: A focus detecting optical system comprises two imaging optical systems which are composed of an integrally molded prism, and is adapted to perform focus detection on the basis of relative positional relationship between an image of an object formed with one of the imaging optical systems and another image of the object formed with the other imaging optical system. Ineffective optical path regions of the surfaces of the prism which allow transmission or reflection of the rays entering the prism are designed as light diffusing surfaces and/or surfaces coated with a light absorption substance. An aperture stop arranged before each surface of incidence of light is arranged eccentrically with regard to the optical axis of incident rays or each surface of incidence of light has a refractive power asymmetrical with regard to said optical axis so that all the rays incident on the totally reflecting surfaces arranged in the two imaging optical systems are totally reflected.

Abstract: On-column optical detection apparatus and method for use with capillary separation columns are shown. The apparatus and method minimize the adverse effects of light scattered from the walls of the column, thereby improving detection sensitivity and providing greater dynamic range. Light from a conventional source is focussed onto a column. Spatial filter means are positioned in front of the column to prevent at least some light from striking the column wall. Another spatial filter is positioned in front of a light collecting means which gathers light emanating from the column. In a specific embodiment, a unique monolens design is shown comprising collecting and focussing lens formed as an integral unit with a bore for a capillary column.

Abstract: An arrangement for turning an image projected on an image screen has an image screen, a trapezoidal prism for image turning, and an optical system for image producing. The prism has an entry surface, a base surface and an exit surface. The entry surface of the prism encloses with the base surface an angle which is different from an angle enclosed by the exit surface of the base surface. A light beam extending on an optical axis of the optical system for image producing is offset on the exit surface relative to the optical axis and encloses an angle with the optical axis which is not equal to zero, and a transmission filter is located between the prism and the image screen.

Abstract: A wide-angle objective for a picture-taking lens of an aerial mapping camera, consisting of 11 lenses and 14 glass-air surfaces, the first optical element of which after the center aperture on the picture side is a converging fluorspar or fluorspar-like lens. Due to the large refractive index difference between this lens and the following meniscus lens and due to the provision of a triple group of high refractive index on the object side before the center aperture, a high resolution, low residual distortion and minimal lateral chromatic aberration are achieved.