Abstract: A projection lens includes two lens groups, arranged as follows from the magnification side: a first lens group of negative refractive power, a mask, an aperture stop, and a second lens group of positive refractive power. The projection lens is telecentric or nearly telecentric on the reduction side. Each of the first lens group and the second lens group includes a lens component formed of three lens elements with the middle lens element of each of these lens components having refractive power of opposite sign from the other two lens elements. The distance between the first lens group and the second lens group is large enough for placement of a mirror for folding the optical path of the projection lens. The projection lens satisfies specified conditions regarding focal lengths and spacings of lens surfaces. A projection display device uses the projection lens.

Abstract: An electronic imaging apparatus includes a zoom optical system having, in order from the object side, a first lens unit with negative power and a second lens unit with positive power, in which lens components having refracting power in the first lens unit are only a single biconcave negative lens element located at the most object-side position and a positive lens component located at the most image-side position; an electronic image sensor placed on the image side of the zoom optical system; and an image processing section electrically processing image data obtained by the electronic image sensor to change the shape thereof. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions in focusing of a nearly infinite object point: 0.85<|y07/(fw·tan ?07w)|<0.97 0.75<|y10/(fw·tan ?10w)|<0.

Abstract: A subminiature optical system including: a first lens that is a biconvex lens with a positive refractive power; a second lens with a negative refractive power, the second lens formed in a meniscus shape convex toward an object side; a third lens with a positive refractive power, the third lens formed in a meniscus shape convex toward an image side; and a fourth lens with a negative refractive power, wherein a size in a direction of an optical axis satisfies Condition 1, and the refractive power of the first lens satisfies Condition 2, 1.2<TL/f<1.3 . . . Condition 1, 0.6<f1/f1<0.8 . . . Condition 2 where TL indicates a length from an aperture stop to an image-side surface, f indicates an effective focal length of the overall optical system, and f1 indicates a focal length of the first lens.

Abstract: An image pick-up lens system includes an aperture stop (10), a biconvex first lens (20), and a meniscus-shaped second lens (30) having a concave surface on a side of an object. The aperture stop, the first lens and the second lens are aligned in that order from the object side to an image side. Each of the lenses has at least one aspheric surface, and the following conditions are satisfied: (1) 0.5<f1/f<0.9, and (2) 1<T/f<1.62, wherein f1 is a focal length of the first lens, f is a focal length of the system, and T is a length from the aperture stop to an image pick-up surface of the image side.

Abstract: A compact imaging lens system consists of a first positive aspheric lens element (1) on the object side and a second negative aspheric lens element (2) on the image side. The first lens element is a meniscus lens convex toward the image side, whereby the incident light beam can be diverged by the first concave surface (11) of the first lens element, and thus a wide area of the second convex surface (12) of the first lens element can be illuminated by the divergent light beam. The second negative aspheric lens element is provided mainly for correcting chromatic aberration and off-axis aberration.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging one or more selected fluorescence indications from a microfluidic device. The apparatus includes an imaging path coupled to least one chamber in at least one microfluidic device. The imaging path provides for transmission of one or more fluorescent emission signals derived from one or more samples in the at least one chamber of the at least one microfluidic device. The chamber has a chamber size, the chamber size being characterized by an actual spatial dimension normal to the imaging path. The apparatus also includes an optical lens system coupled to the imaging path. The optical lens system is adapted to transmit the one or more fluorescent signals associated with the chamber.

Abstract: A front group is formed of a negative first lens as a meniscus lens which is convex at the object side and a negative second lens, and a rear group is formed of a biconvex positive third lens, an aperture stop, a negative fourth lens and a biconvex positive fifth lens. The first lens is a glass lens, and the second lens is a plastic aspherical lens. The following conditions are satisfied: ?2.4<fI/f<?1.55, 0.15<f2/f1<0.35, va<29, and vb>50, where f denotes a focal distance of a whole system, f1 denotes a focal distance of the first lens, f2 denotes a focal distance of the second lens, fI denotes a focal distance of the front group, va denotes an average value of abbe numbers of the third and the forth lenses, and vb denotes an average value of abbe numbers of the rest of the lenses.

Abstract: Providing a retrofocus lens system and an image-taking device having small variation in aberrations upon focusing on a close object with a high imaging magnification. The retrofocus lens system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power, and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power. Upon focusing from infinity to a close object, the first lens group G1, the second lens group G2, and the third lens group G3 are moved to the object such that a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 increases, and a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 decreases.

Abstract: A lens system includes a first lens which is formed of a medium exhibiting negative refraction and a second lens which is formed of a medium having a positive refractive index. Abbe's number for a material which forms the first lens differs from Abbe's number for a material which forms the second lens. Moreover, a lens system includes a first lens which is formed of a medium exhibiting negative refraction and a second lens which is formed of a medium exhibiting negative refraction. Abbe's number for a material which forms the first lens differs from Abbe's number for a material which forms the second lens.

Abstract: A lens system includes a first lens which is formed of a medium exhibiting negative refraction, and a second lens having a positive refractive index. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a lens system in which a negative refractive index medium for which a curvature of field is reduced. Moreover, it is also possible to have a lens system in which a lens having a positive focal length and a lens having a positive focal length, which is made of a positive refractive index medium, are combined.

Abstract: An optical scanning device for scanning an information layer (104) of an optical record carrier (102) includes a radiation source (110) for generating a radiation beam (108) and a high-NA objective system (118) for converging the radiation beam on the information layer. The objective system includes a first lens (116) and a second lens (117). The first lens and the second lens are made of plastic. The signs of the temperature-dependence of the spherical aberration of the first and second lens are different and the magnitudes of the temperature-dependence of the spherical aberration of the two lenses is substantially equal such that the temperature-dependence of the spherical aberration of the objective system as a whole is reduced to less than 30 m? OPDrms for a temperature change of 30 K.

Abstract: A compact lens system includes a first positive lens element (1) on the object side and a second negative lens element (2) on the image side. The first positive lens element is a meniscus lens having a convex surface (11) facing the object side. The second negative lens element is also a meniscus lens having a convex surface (12) facing the image side. Both of the first and second lens elements are aspheric lenses each having at least one aspheric surface. The first and second lens elements are made of different plastic materials and are symmetrically arranged with respect to each other along the optical axis.

Abstract: In one form, an imaging system comprises an imager that forms an image of an object in a field of view, a rotationally symmetric lens assembly disposed between the imager and the object, and an equalizer. The rotationally symmetric lens assembly provides increased collection efficiency for a given depth of field, whereby the rotationally symmetric lens assembly causes aberration, compared to a well-focused lens. The rotationally symmetric lens assembly comprises a front negative lens, a rear positive lens, and an aperture positioned between the front and rear lenses. The equalizer, which is connected to the imager, receives image data and at least partially compensates for the aberration caused by the rotationally symmetric lens assembly.

Abstract: An image pick-up lens system includes an aperture stop (10), a biconvex first lens (20), and a meniscus-shaped second lens (30) having a concave surface on a side of an object. The aperture stop, the first lens and the second lens are aligned in that order from the object side to an image side. Each of the lenses has at least one aspheric surface, and both lenses are made from a same plastic or a resin. The system satisfies the following condition: (1) 1<T/f<1.7, wherein f is a focal length of the system, and T is a length from the aperture stop to an image pick-up surface of the image side. The first condition (1) limits the total length of the system in order to provide compactness. The system also satisfies other conditions (2)–(5) as disclosed, in order to provide compactness and cost-effectiveness and to correct fundamental aberrations.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens system includes a positive front lens group, a diaphragm, and a positive rear lens group. The front lens group includes a negative first-sub-lens group and a positive second-sub-lens group. The negative first-sub-lens group includes a negative lens element, a positive lens element, and a negative lens element. The front lens group satisfies the following conditions: 0.5<f/|f1a|<0.75??(1) 0.5<|f1a|/f1b<1.0??(2) 0.35<f/f1bi<0.6??(3) wherein f: the focal length of the entire lens system; f1a: the focal length of the negative first-sub-lens group; f1b: the focal length of the positive second-sub-lens group; f1bi: the focal length of the most image-side surface of the positive second-sub-lens group; r1bi: the radius of curvature of the most image-side surface of the positive second-sub-lens group; and N1bi: a refractive index of the most image-side lens element of the positive second-sub-lens group.

Abstract: An imaging lens system includes a first lens having a meniscus profile with a convex surface facing an object side and having a positive refractive index; an aperture diaphragm; and a second lens having a meniscus profile with a convex surface facing an image side and having a positive refractive index, wherein the first lens, the aperture diaphragm, and the second lens are arranged in this order from the object side. The imaging lens satisfies conditional expressions where f represents a focal distance of a total lens system, f1 represents a focal distance of the first lens, and L represents a distance on the optical axis from the surface on the object side of the first lens to an image plane wherein calculation is done in terms of an air-equivalent thickness for a back insertion glass, and n(ave) represents an average value of refractive indexes at d-lines of the first and second lenses.

Abstract: A projection zoom lens that is suited to projector with a DMD is provided. The projection zoom lens projects, onto a screen, projection light from the DMD and comprises, in order from a screen side, a first lens group with negative refractive power and a second lens group with positive refractive power. The second lens group includes, from the DMD side, a final lens that is a positive lens, a pre-final lens that is a negative biconcave lens positioned next to the final lens, and a stop, and both surfaces of the pre-final lens are aspherical. Using the projection zoom lens, it is possible to realize the compact projector that can project bright images with high resolution that makes full use of the characteristics of the DMD.

Abstract: Disclosed are holographic storage systems and lenses for holographic storage systems. The lens units can be of a two-component design. The lenses can be used to both record to photorefractive storage media and to read from photorefractive storage media.

Abstract: An image pick-up lens system includes an aperture stop (10), a biconvex first lens (20), and a meniscus-shaped second lens (30) having a concave surface on a side of an object. The aperture stop, the first lens and the second lens are aligned in that order from the object side to an image side. Each of the lenses has at least one aspheric surface, and at least one of the lenses is made from an optical glass. The system satisfies the following condition: (1) 1<T/f<1.6, wherein f is a focal length of the system, and T is a length from the aperture stop to an image pick-up surface of the image side. The first condition (1) limits the total length of the system in order to provide compactness. The system also satisfies other conditions (2)–(6) as disclosed, in order to provide compactness, improved optical performance, and cost-effectiveness.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical head apparatus comprising: a light source; a collimating means of converting a beam of light emitted from the light source into a substantially parallel beam of light; a focusing means of focusing the light onto an information medium surface; a beam splitting means of splitting the beam of light modulated by the information medium; and a light receiving means of receiving the light modulated by the information medium, wherein a lens having a negative power and a lens having a positive power are arranged in this order as viewed from the collimating means side between the collimating means and the focusing means, and at least either one of the lenses is moved along an optical axis to correct spherical aberration occurring on the information medium surface, and wherein the distance from the lens having the positive power to the focusing means is set substantially equal to the focal length of the lens having the positive power.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a telephoto type optical system capable of reliably correcting and/or reducing aberrations such as chromatic aberration. The optical system includes a refractive optical element which includes a solid-state material, a negative lens component and a positive lens component, respectively disposed on a front side relative to a pupil, the solid-state material meeting conditions of an Abbe number ?d(GNL) and of a partial dispersion ratio ?gF(GNL) as follows: ?2.100×10?3·?d(GNL)+0.693<?gF(GNL) 0.555<?gF(GNL)<0.9 Then, a refractive power of the refractive optical element, a mean partial dispersion ratio of a material of the negative lens component, and a mean Abbe number of a material of the positive lens component are properly set.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprises, successively from the object side, a first negative lens group and a positive second lens group. The first lens group includes a negative meniscus lens and a positive meniscus lens, the negative meniscus lens and the positive meniscus lens each has at least one aspherical surface. The second lens group includes a first positive auxiliary group and a positive second auxiliary group. The refractive power of the first group is 1/f1, the refractive power of the second group is 1/f2, the focal length of the whole lens system fw when the distance between the lens groups is increased, fT is the focal length of the whole lens system when the distance between the lens groups is decreased, and they satisfy the following conditional expressions of: 0.9?|f1|/(fw·fT)1/2?1.1 and 1.15?|f1|/f2?1.35.

Abstract: It is to provide an imaging lens system which, while reduced in size and weight, can fully meet the demand for more improvement in the optical performance and also improvement in the productivity. The imaging lens system comprises, in order from an object side towards an image surface side, a diaphragm, a first lens which is a meniscus lens having a positive power whose concave surface facing the object side, and a second lens which is a meniscus lens having a negative power whose convex surface facing the image surface side, wherein the Abbe number of the second lens is set smaller than the Abbe number of the first lens.

Abstract: An image-capturing lens includes a plastic lens formed with use of a material in which particles each having the maximum length of 30 nanometer or less are dispersed in a plastic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical system in which an adhesive layer of a cemented lens is made of a mixture in which inorganic fine particles dispersed into a transparent medium. Therefore, there is realized an optical system capable of effectively correcting chromatic aberration while having a structure in which a manufacturing cost is low and an environmental resistance is high.

Abstract: Provided is an optical system having an image rotating function disposed on an image side with respect to an image pick up lens, which makes it possible that its optical performance is satisfactory, an eclipse amount is small, a field angle and an F number intended by a photographer are obtained, and compactness is achieved. The optical system is an optical system mountable to the image pick up lens. The optical system includes: an image rotator which is disposed on the image side with respect to a first imaging plane of the image pick up lens and has an incident optical axis and an emission optical axis made coaxial to each other; a first lens unit having a negative optical power which is disposed between the image pick up lens and the first imaging plane; a second lens unit having a positive optical power which is disposed between the first imaging plane and the image rotator; and a third lens unit having a positive optical power which is disposed on the image side with respect to the image rotator.

Abstract: An optical system has a first lens element (L1) having an outer portion (36) and a first tapered surface (34). A second lens element (L2) has an outer portion (26) and a second tapered surface (24). The first lens element (L1) and the second lens element (L2) are spaced apart relative to each other and centered relative to the optical axis (O) by a portion of the first tapered surface (34) being in contact with a portion of the second tapered surface (24), the outer portion (36) of the first lens element (L1) being spaced apart from the outer portion (26) of the second lens element (L2).

Abstract: An image-capturing lens includes a plastic lens formed with use of a material in which particles each having the maximum length of 30 nanometer or less are dispersed in a plastic material.

Abstract: A single focus lens includes, in order from the object side: a diaphragm stop; and first and second lens components, each lens component being of positive refractive power and each having a convex surface on the object side near the optical axis. Each of the two lens components has two aspheric surfaces, may be a lens element, and preferably is made of plastic. The single focus lens may include no other lens elements and the diaphragm stop may be on the object side of the single focus lens. Specified on-axis conditions are satisfied in order to reduce aberrations and to make the single focus lens compact. Additionally, satisfying a condition related to the optical distortion at the maximum image height and at fifty percent of the maximum image height helps reduce the actual observed distortion of an image.

Abstract: A zoom lens with a zoom ratio of about three includes a first lens group of negative refractive power that moves along an optical axis during zooming relative to a second lens group of positive refractive power and having a vibration-proof function to correct for hand shaking that causes image blurring. The second lens group includes a first lens subgroup on its object side having positive refractive power and at least one aspheric surface, and a second lens subgroup having positive refractive power. The second lens subgroup is movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the zoom lens in order to correct for vibration of the zoom lens. The second lens group satisfies a condition regarding the ratio of focal lengths of the two lens subgroups, and the second lens subgroup satisfies a condition regarding its transverse magnification at the telephoto end.

Abstract: An optical scanning device for scanning an information layer (104) of an optical record carrier (102) includes a radiation source (110) for generating a radiation beam (108) and a high-NA objective system (118) for converging the radiation beam on the information layer. The objective system includes a first lens (116) and a second lens (117). The first lens includes a glass body and the second lens is made of plastic. The signs of the temperature-dependences of the spherical aberration of the first and second lens are different, thereby reducing the temperature-dependence of the spherical aberration of the objective system as a whole.

Abstract: A variable magnification lens includes, in order from the object side, a front lens unit with positive refracting power and a rear lens unit with negative refracting power so that spacing between the front lens unit and the rear lens unit is changed to thereby vary the magnification of the variable magnification lens. In this case, the front lens unit has a negative single lens element with a concave surface facing the object side at the most object-side position and a positive single lens element at the most image-side position. In the front lens unit, only the second lens element from the image side is provided with at least one aspherical surface, and all lens elements included in the front lens unit are constructed as single lens elements arranged through air spacing. An aperture stop is interposed between the front lens unit and the rear lens unit, and the rear lens unit is composed of a negative single lens element. The variable magnification lens satisfies the following condition: 1.8<flt/flw<3.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid-immersion objective optical system including a first lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group includes a first lens component having positive refractive power, an object side thereof being a flat surface and a convex surface thereof facing an image-plane side; a second lens component having positive refractive power, a convex surface thereof facing the image-plane side; a third lens component having positive refractive power as a whole, formed by cementing a biconvex positive lens and a negative lens; and a fourth lens component formed by cementing a negative lens and a biconvex positive lens. The second lens group includes a fifth lens component formed by cementing a lens having a concave surface facing the object side and a lens having a convex surface facing the image-plane side; a sixth lens component having positive refractive power; and a seventh lens component having negative refractive power.

Abstract: An optical lens is described. The optical lens comprises a barrel, a first lens and a second lens. The barrel has a light incident opening, and a receiving space, wherein the receiving space is successive to the light incident opening. Additionally, the first lens is disposed in the receiving space, and the first lens is partially exposed by the light incident opening, wherein the first lens has a first annular conical surface at the outer rim of the first lens. Further, the second lens is disposed in the receiving space, and embedded with the first lens. The second lens has a second annular conical surface on outer rim of the second lens, and the first annular conical surface is embedded with the second annular conical surface. Accordingly, the optical lens has better alignment accuracy and assembly performance.

Abstract: An imaging lens for an image pickup device consists of two lens components that may each consist of a lens element. In order from the object side, these lens components have negative and positive refractive power, with each lens component having two aspheric surfaces. A stop is positioned between the lens components so as to be closer to the image-side lens component. Specified conditions are satisfied in order to miniaturize the imaging lens, reduce manufacturing and assembly costs, and improve imaging performance.

Abstract: An imaging optical system that is of a small-format size yet capable of easily securing a back focus, and an imaging system that incorporates the same has only two lenses, specifically, a first meniscus lens L1 convex on its object side and a second lens L2 having positive refracting power and a convex surface configured such that the absolute value of the curvature of the object side-surface of the second lens is larger than the absolute value of the curvature of image side-surface of the second lens. An aperture stop S is located on the object side of an image-formation lens arrangement. A first condition concerning the focal length ratio between the first meniscus lens L1 and the second lens L2 and a second condition concerning the shape factor of an air lens between the first meniscus lens L1 and the second lens L2 are satisfied.

Abstract: A wide-angle projection lens includes, in order from an object side: a first lens group including four lenses and having a negative refractive power; and a second lens group including a cemented lens and having a positive refractive power. The first lens group includes an aspherical lens and a spherical lens having a positive refractive power. The wide-angle projection lens further includes an iris diaphragm located after the first lens of the second lens group from the object side, and satisfies the following conditional expressions fb/f>3, ?2.0<D12/f1<?1.3, and 0.8<Lr/Lf<1.2 where f denotes the focal length of the projection lens; fb denotes the retrofocal length of the projection lens; f1 denotes the focal length of the first lens group; Lf denotes the thickness of the first lens group; Lr denotes the thickness of the second lens group; and D12 denotes the distance between the first and second lens groups.

Abstract: An imaging lens system includes a first lens 2 which is a meniscus lens with its convex face turned toward the object side and having a positive power, a diaphragm 3, and a second lens 4 which is a meniscus lens with its concave face turned toward the object side. The first lens 2, the diaphragm 3 and the second lens 4 are disposed sequentially in the named order from the side of the object toward an image surface. In the imaging lens system, the following conditional expressions are satisfied: 1.25×fl?L?0.8×fl; 1.26×fl?f1?0.85×fl; 0.8×d1?d2?0.35×d1; L?6.25 mm; d1?0.225×fl; and d3?0.225×fl, wherein L is a distance of the entire length of the lens system; fl is a focal length of the entire lens system; f1 is a focal length of the first lens; d1 is a thickness of the center of the first lens; d2 is a distance between the first and second lenses; and d3 is a thickness of the center of the second lens.

Abstract: A comparatively low f-number, compact two-group zoom lens that corrects aberrations in the visible and the near-infrared regions includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group of negative refractive power and a second lens group of positive refractive power. The first lens group includes three lens components that are lens elements of negative, negative, negative, and positive refractive power, respectively, in order from the object side. The second lens group includes four lens components that are lens elements of positive, positive, negative, and positive refractive power, respectively, in order from the object side. Aspheric surfaces are disclosed. Certain conditions relating to the focal lengths of the two lens groups, the indexes of refraction, and Abbe numbers of various lens elements are satisfied to control aberrations in both the visible and the near-infrared regions.

Abstract: A three-group zoom lens includes first, second, and third lens groups, of negative, positive, and positive refractive power, respectively. The second lens group includes a stop and the third lens group moves for focusing. When zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first and second lens groups become closer together and the second and third lens groups become farther apart. The zoom lens preferably satisfies specified conditions that ensure compactness, case of manufacture, and favorable correction of aberrations. The zoom lens includes at least one aspheric lens surface defined by an aspheric lens equation that includes at least one non-zero coefficient of an even power of Y, and at least one non-zero coefficient of an odd power of Y, where Y is the distance of a point on the aspheric lens surface from the optical axis.

Abstract: Projection exposure device and also projection objective with a lens arrangement which has at least one lens group of negative refractive power, this lens group comprising at least four lenses of negative refractive power, and a lens of positive refractive power being arranged after the third lens of negative refractive power in this lens group.

Abstract: An imaging lens device has an imaging lens system that forms an optical image and an image sensing device that converts the optical image formed by the imaging lens system into an electronic signal. The imaging lens system includes two lens elements each made of a homogeneous material and having a positive optical power, and fulfills the following condition: 1.25<L/f<2.00, where L is the distance from the most object side lens surface to the image plane, and f is the overall focal length of the lens system.

Abstract: A taking lens system has two lens elements, a positive lens element and a meniscus lens element convex to the image side. Another taking lens system has two lens elements, a first lens element having a meniscus shape with a convex surface on the object side and having a positive optical power and a second lens element having a meniscus shape with a concave surface on the image side. A third taking lens system has three lens elements, a first lens element having a weak optical power, an aperture stop, a second lens element having a positive optical power, and a third lens element having a concave surface on the image side and having a negative optical power. The focal length of the entire taking lens system and/or the focal lengths of individual lens elements fulfill prescribed relations.

Abstract: An observation optical system including an objective optical part which forms an image of an object, an image inverting part which converts an image formed by said objective optical part into an erect image, and an eyepiece optical part which guides the erect image converted by said image inverting part to an observer. The objective optical part has a first lens unit with a negative power and a second lens unit with a positive power arranged from an object side in the order named, and said second lens unit is movable in a direction including a component perpendicular to an optical axis to stabilize an image.

Abstract: A high-performance and low-cost image-forming optical system has a reduced number of constituent optical elements and is made extremely thin, particularly in a direction perpendicular to an image pickup device, by folding an optical path using only three reflecting surfaces. The image-forming optical system has a front unit including a first prism 10, an aperture stop 2, and a rear unit including a second prism 20. The first prism 10 has a first transmitting surface 11, a first reflecting surface 12, and a second transmitting surface 13. The second prism 20 has a first transmitting surface 21, a first reflecting surface 22, a second reflecting surface 23, and a second transmitting surface 24. An optical path incident on the first reflecting surface 22 and an optical path exiting from the second reflecting surface 23 intersect each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are holographic storage systems and lenses for holographic storage systems. The lens units can be of a two-component design. The lenses can be used to both record to photorefractive storage media and to read from photorefractive storage media.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to broadband optical metrology tools for performing measurements of patterned thin films on semiconductor integrated circuits. Particularly a family of optical designs for broadband, multi-wavelength, DUV-IR (185<?<900 nm) all-refractive optical systems. The designs have net focusing power and this is achieved by combining at least one positively powered optical element with one negatively powered optical element. The designs have small spot-size over the wavelength range spanning 185-900 nm with substantially reduced spherical aberration, axial color, sphero-chromatism and zonal spherical aberration. The refractive optical systems are broadly applicable to a large class of broadband optical wafer metrology tools including spectrophotometers, spectroscopic reflectometers, spectroscopic ellipsometers and spectroscopic scatterometers.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens system having a long back focal length, disposed in front of a ?? CCD camera and the focal length (f) for all lens groups is 3.0 mm, the F-number is 3.0 and the half-field angle is 46°. The following conditions are met by the first lens group: 1?d/d3<1.2; R3/R2=0.99; and d2/f=0.03. Here, (d) indicates the thickness of the second lens along the normal line at a given distance from the optical axis within the maximum effective diameter of the object side convex surface of the lens. d3 is the thickness of the second lens along the optical axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a camera lens system for image pickup devices, which is mounted in a mobile phone or personal digital assistant, and more particularly to a camera lens system for image pickup devices, which has a minimized overall length thereof to implement a micro lens, and in which lenses are formed to have suitable aspheric coefficients to reduce an incident angle of light on the lenses and improve the resolving power of the camera lens system. The camera lens system includes a first group lens having a convex, aspheric surface facing an object, a second group lens on which a light beam is incident from the first group lens and which is formed in an aspheric shape, an iris disposed at a side of the first group lens close to the object, a filter disposed at a side of the second group lens close to an image of the object, and an image sensor for converting the image formed through the first and second group lenses into an electrical signal.

Abstract: The relay optical system comprises, in order from the intermediate image position I toward the the exit pupil EXP side, a first unit G1 having a negative refracting power and a second unit G2 having a positive refracting power, wherein the distance from the rearmost surface of the second unit to the exit pupil position is at least 30 mm. The relay optical system allows a photographing apparatus to be mounted on a microscope without the microscope and the photographing apparatus excluding each other from their predetermined positions.