Abstract: A light emitting device includes a light emitting element; a sealing resin covering the light emitting element; and a light diffusing material contained in the sealing resin. When a difference in refractive index at 10° C. between the sealing resin and the light diffusing material is ?n1 and a difference in refractive index at 50° C. between the sealing resin and the light diffusing material is ?n2, a ratio of ?n2 to ?n1 is in a range of 95% to 105%.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for illuminating a target includes a light source configured to emit one or more light beams with a first divergence. The system further includes a lens separated from the light source. The lens is configured to substantially satisfy the sine condition without removing spherical aberrations from the one or more light beams. The lens is further configured to receive the one or more light beams with the first divergence. The lens is further configured to change the first divergence of the one or more light beams to a second divergence. The second divergence is less than the first divergence. The second divergence is greater than zero. The lens is further configured to transmit the one or more light beams with the second divergence.

Abstract: A projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises a manipulator for reducing rotationally asymmetric image errors. The manipulator in turn contains a lens, an optical element and an interspace formed between the lens and the optical element, which can be filled with a liquid. At least one actuator acting exclusively on the lens is furthermore provided, which can generate a rotationally asymmetric deformation of the lens.

Abstract: An immersion type microscope objective lens OL includes, in order from a cover plate C side, a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, and a third lens group G3 having negative refractive power. The first lens group G1 includes at least one cemented lens. The second lens group G2 includes at least two achromatic lenses. The third lens group G3 includes, in order from the object side, an achromatic lens CL31 having a strong concave surface facing an image side, and an achromatic lens CL32 having a strong concave surface facing the object side.

Abstract: A rod lens is used for fitting in an endoscopes. The rod lens has a rod-shaped body which is made at least in a section of a flexible, transparent solid piece of plastic material.

Abstract: A projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises a manipulator for reducing rotationally asymmetric image errors. The manipulator in turn contains a lens, an optical element and an interspace formed between the lens and the optical element, which can be filled with a liquid. At least one actuator acting exclusively on the lens is furthermore provided, which can generate a rotationally asymmetric deformation of the lens.

Abstract: A convex-Fresnel LED lens and a LED assembly thereof are revealed. The lens is a Fresnel lens whose optical surface on a forward side thereof is a convex surface having draft with vertical shape so that the lens in the LED assembly concentrates light emitted from a LED chip to generate light whose peak intensity is an elliptic distribution pattern. Moreover, the lens and the LED assembly thereof satisfy certain conditions. Thereby, light from the LED chip is gathered by a single lens to form a preset specific distribution pattern and is satisfying requirement of the ratio of the luminous flux that is larger than 85%. The convex-Fresnel LED lens and a LED assembly thereof are applied to lights and flashlights in mobile phones or cameras.

Abstract: An optical scanning device provides a radiation source (2,200), a collimator lens (4,40), an objective (7,90) for converting a beam (5,30?) to a scanning spot at the position of an information layer (101) of a record carrier (1,100). The device also includes an electrowetting cell (6). The electrowetting cell (6) acts such that a beam (5,30?) enters the objective (7,90) at a predetermined height of an entrance pupil of the objective (7,90) independent of the position of the objective (7,90) and that the beam (5,30?) forms a predetermined angle at the entrance pupil of the objective (7,90) with the optical axis (8). In this way the rim intensity may be kept constant over the entrance pupil of the objective (7,90).

Abstract: The invention comprises an optical arrangement for illumination purposes, in particular for a stepped lens spotlight, comprising a stepped lens with a light-diffusing element, in particular a diffusing screen, in which the diffusing screen is arranged in a first region and the stepped lens is arranged in a second region, and in which, with the change in the shape of the light impinging on the optical arrangement and/or the size of the light illuminating the optical arrangement, it is possible to set the aperture angle of the light emerging from the optical arrangement, in particular between two limit values, a smaller ?Sp and a larger ?F1.

Abstract: A microscopic lens, of size approximately 1 micron is used for its optical characteristics.

Abstract: The invented fixed-angle roller mechanism comprises: a frame providing two bearings; a roller shaft supported by said bearings such to rotate along the axis of said roller shaft, which roller shaft is connected to a rotation element; an angle regulator provided on said roller shaft to limit rotation angle of said roller shaft; and an angle fixing means provided on said frame to couple with said angle regulator such that rolling angle of said roller shaft may be limited by said angle fixing means loosely; wherein said angle regulator regulates at least two rotation angles of said roller shaft.

Abstract: A magnifying apparatus includes a seat, an intermediate member, a first spring-loaded hinge connecting one end of the intermediate member to the seat, a cover, a second spring-loaded hinge connecting an opposite end of the intermediate member to the seat, a catch provided at the seat for grasping the cover at a closed configuration of the apparatus and releasing the cover and the intermediate member from the closed configuration of the apparatus for movement to an open configuration by the action of the spring-loaded hinges. There is a movable light emitter at the seat having a first configuration for illuminating an object in a space defined by the seat, intermediate member and cover at the open configuration, and a second configuration for illuminating a remote object.

Abstract: A rod integrator holder 6 has concave clearance grooves 67A to 67D elongated in the direction of the optical axis L, at the corners within a case 61 thereof. The clearance grooves 67A to 67D are configured such that the edges 84A to 84D of the rod integrator 8 can be prevented from coming into contact with the inner faces 66A to 66D of the case 61. The edges 84A to 84D of the rod integrator can be prevented from being broken by coming into contact with the inner faces 66A to 66D of the case 61, and the edges 84A to 84D of the rod integrator 8 and the inner faces 66A to 66D of the case 61 can be prevented from rubbing against each other to generate dust due to abrasion.

Abstract: A rod integrator holder comprises a wall constituting at least a part of an intermediate portion interposed between a rod integrator in an illumination optical system or a holding member for the rod integrator, and an optical member disposed downstream the rod integrator or a holding member for the optical member. The intermediate portion tightly closes a space between a light entrance end of the optical member and a light exit end of the rod integrator against surroundings thereof.

Abstract: An illumination optical system has superior image formation capabilities, and can radiate a linear beam with excellent illumination uniformity and a narrow line width having a large aspect ratio; the illumination optical system comprises an afocal beam expander system which expands an beam illuminated from a laser light source; a linear beam-forming lens system having at least refractive power in a second direction which is substantially at a right angle to at least a first direction, the linear beam-forming lens system converting the beam, illuminated from said beam expander system, to a linear beam having its long side in said first direction; a lens array section having a plurality of element lenses, arranged along said first direction; and a condenser optical system which illuminates a processed face by reconnecting images of said linear beam from each of said element lenses thereon.

Abstract: A line laser device, comprising a light source for emitting a laser beam, a light emitting unit having optical means for projecting the laser beam from the light source in fan-like shape, an optical member arranged on the fan-shaped laser beam and for forming a spot light on a part of the fan-shaped laser beam, and support means for supporting the optical member so that the spot light formed on the fan-shaped laser beam can be shifted.

Abstract: A method for imaging an object is provided that includes generating and directing optical energy onto a portion of an object. The portion of the object is cut while the optical energy is directed onto the portion. Reflected optical energy from the object is received by an optical element while the portion is being cut such that data relating to an image associated with the portion is communicated to the optical element.

Abstract: An optical system for imaging the surface of the bottom of a well of a microtiter plate made of a transparent material. This surface has an analysis preparation. The optical system comprises an enlarging lens and an incident-light illumination formed by a ring-shape, diffuse light source. The incident light illumination is arranged concentrically with the optical axis. The microtiter plate is illuminated from the backside by an approximately dot-shaped light source, which is arranged behind the diffuser disk and centered in relation to the optical axis. Reflections and material flaws in the area located outside of the measuring area to be evaluated are thus made invisible.

Abstract: A CO2 laser beam 12 is converted into a beam of uniform intensity at the position of a phase matching element 15 by an intensity converting element 14 and the phase matching element 15. Then, the uniform intensity beam irradiates a mask 17 containing an aperture variable in size via a variable-magnification projecting optical system 16. At the time of irradiation, the laser beam at the position of the phase matching element 15 is projected onto the mask 17 at a magnification factor most suited to the size of the aperture formed in the mask 17. Further, the pattern of the mask 17 is projected onto a workpiece 19. Thus, a uniform intensity distribution of the laser beam is obtained on the workpiece and high quality laser processing becomes possible.

Abstract: A high resolution lens is provided as a condensing lens for collecting light made incident from a light source, of which one face is plane and the other face is curved. The curved face of the lens is coated with a reflecting material except for its central apex portion, and incident light is made incident through the plan portion of the lens. The curved face of the high resolution lens may be spherical or is a parabolic face to reduce aberration. When a parallel light is made incident on the plane face of the high resolution lens, it is reflected in the lens and totally reflected, and then is transmitted through the uncoated apex to an external object.

Abstract: A fume sensor system that measures the concentration of fume particulate in a boiler and suppresses background noise.

Abstract: An objective lens for us in an optical pickup apparatus to record or reproduce information in an optical information recording medium, comprises an aspheric surface, wherein the following conditional formula is satisfied: 1.1≦d1/f≦3 where d1 represents axial lens thickness and f represents a focal length.

Abstract: An optical assembly divides a single image into a plurality of images which are simultaneously projected onto a single sensor array. The optical assembly is arranged so that each of the plurality of images can be made to pass through a filter of a different type. For example a polarizing filter of a different orientation, or a filter which passes a different spectral band. In this way a single digital camera having a single chip sensor array can simultaneously receive multiple substantially identical images which have been acted on by different filters. This allows data capture from a single frame of a single camera to be used to perform stress analysis, or spectral analysis. This is particularly useful when high speed image capture is desired which contains stress or spectral data, because each frame captured from the sensor array contains multiple images which can be processed to obtain stress or spectral data.

Abstract: A light permeable fluorescent cover 6 is provided that comprises a fluorescent material 7 contained in the cover 6 attached on a light emitting diode for emitting a first light with a first peak in blue wavelength range of 420 nm to 480 nm. The fluorescent material 7 emits a second light with a second peak in green wavelength range of 480 nm to 580 nm separated from the first peak and a third light with a third peak in red wavelength range of 580 nm to 750 nm separated from the second peak to synthesize lights in a wide chromaticity area by mixing three primary blue, green and red lights and to irradiate them to outside of the cover 6 in colorful expression.

Abstract: An optical system has an extended boresight source including a boresight light source that produces a light beam, a condenser lens that receives the light beam from the boresight light source, a spatial light integrator that receives the light beam from the condenser and mixes the light beam to reduce its spatial inhomogeneities, a constriction through which the light beam from the spatial light integrator is directed, and a collimator that receives the light beam which passes through the constriction and outputs a boresight light beam. The boresight light beam is typically provided to a sensor imager that uses the boresight light beam to establish its centroid.

Abstract: An optical system for imaging the surface of the bottom of a well of a microtiter plate made of a transparent material. This surface has an analysis preparation. The optical system comprises an enlarging lens and an incident-light illumination formed by a ring-shape, diffuse light source. The incident light illumination is arranged concentrically with the optical axis. The microtiter plate is illuminated from the backside by an approximately dot-shaped light source, which is arranged behind the diffuser disk and centered in relation to the optical axis. Reflections and material flaws in the area located outside of the measuring area to be evaluated are thus made invisible.

Abstract: To image the surface, provided with an analysis preparation, of the bottom of a well of a microtiter plate (16) made of a transparent material, provision is made for an optical system with a magnifying objective and an incident-light illumination formed by an annular, diffuse light source (15) which is arranged concentrically with the optical axis (19). The microtiter plate (16) has its rear side illuminated by an approximately point-shaped light source (17) arranged behind a diffuser disk (18) and located centrally relative to the optical axis (19). Reflections and material interferences occurring in the area lying outside the measurement surface subject to evaluation are thereby rendered invisible.

Abstract: An illuminated optical magnifying device with an optical focusing unit that can produce a magnified image of an object to be observed and with an illumination device whose light is at least partially applicable for illuminating the object to be observed, whereby the illumination device is composed of at least one luminous diode, which is arranged in the magnifying device in such a way that its light can emerge from the magnifying device essentially straight toward the direction of the object to be observed.

Abstract: A light collecting optical system wherein the position where light is collected is scanned in the optical axis direction by using a wavefront converting element capable of changing power without using a mechanical device, and aberration occurring during the scanning is canceled by using the wavefront converting element to minimize the degradation of light collecting performance due to the scanning in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an illumination optical system including an optical integrator for forming a secondary light source by use of light from a light source, and a condenser optical system for condensing light from the optical integrator upon a surface to be illuminated, wherein the condenser optical system is arranged to change, independently of each other, an illuminance distribution and an angular distribution of the light incident on the surface illuminated.

Abstract: Multi-beam lithography apparatus is used for writing patterns on a substrate 14 such as a wafer for ICs. The patterns may have details of various dimensions. In order to enhance the production rate, it is attractive to write fine details with a small spot 16 and large details with a large spot. It is known to vary the spot size by varying the emissive surface of the electron source. In accordance with the invention the spot size is varied by varying the size 22 of the beam limiting aperture 20, thus enabling optimization of the beam current in dependence on the spot size. A preferred embodiment is provided with an additional (condenser) lens 24 such that the object distance remains constant when the magnification of the lens system 18, 24 is varied.

Abstract: An image forming optical system minimizes the effects of ghosts in an image. In one embodiment of the present invention, light is at an intermediate point of the optical system. Introducing light in this manner can result in ghosts being produced in the imaged data or in data being missing from the imaged data, both of which are undesirable conditions. The present invention minimizes ghosting and loss of data by maintaining one or more optical relationships to within set ranges.

Abstract: An objective optical system comprising, in order from the object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, wherein the second lens unit is moved along an optical axis for changing a magnification. This objective optical system is configured to be compact and have favorable optical performance by adequately selecting an airspace between the first lens unit and the second lens unit as well as a power for the first lens unit.

Abstract: The number of light sources and the number of divided light beams are optimized, so that a light beam with sufficiently reduced speckle contrast can be used as illuminating light.

Abstract: A catadioptric lens (10) comprising, along an optical axis (AX), a first lens group (L1) having an objectwise concave annular incident surface (SI) upon which light from an object is first incident, and a most imagewise lens surface (16). The catadioptric lens further includes an annular main mirror (MM) arranged imagewise of the first lens group and having an objectwise concave reflective surface (R1) that reflects light objectwise. A secondary mirror (MS) is located objectwise of the annular main mirror and has an imagewise convex reflective surface (R2) that reflects light imagewise. The first lens group has a glass optical path from the incident surface to the main mirror to the secondary mirror and to the most imagewise lens surface of the first lens group. The catadioptric lens may also include a second lens group L2 imagewise of the first lens group. The second lens group may include two or more lenses, and preferably includes a cemented doublet (L34, L35).

Abstract: A device uses a divergent lens (7) having a concave surface with a central region (12) and a peripheral region (13) of lower curvature than the central region. The light beam (16) crossing the central region is spread over the entire surface of the image frame (10), thereby avoiding a concentration of light in the central portion thereof, and ensuring a more uniform illumination. The device is useful for large size slide projectors using a xenon arc lamp.

Abstract: A measuring adapter allows a viewing instrument, such as an otoscope or other imaging device, to perform surface examinations without significant modification thereto. The adapter is releasably attachable to the instrument housing and includes a distal optical element retained by an adapter housing which is suitably aligned with the distal tip opening of the diagnostic instrument, when attached thereto, for allowing a target to be viewed at a predetermined distance from the viewing system. According to a preferred embodiment, the adapter includes a baffle which causes illuminated light from the distal tip opening to obliquely impinge onto the optical element in order that a reflected image of the illumination optics is not directed to the viewing system. According to another preferred embodiment, the optical element is skewed relative to the illumination axis of the viewing instrument.

Abstract: An optical device with optional resolutions is provided for converting an image into electronic signals. The optical device includes a housing, a plurality of focusing units with various magnifying powers and the same optical path lengths mounted immobily in the housing for variously proportionally receiving the image and generating a focused image, a photoelectric conversion unit mounted immobily in the housing for converting the focused image into electronic signals, a selecting unit for having one of the focusing units selected according to the desired resolution, and a light-reflecting unit mounted immobily in the housing and between the photoelectric conversion unit and the focusing units for transmitting the focused image from the selected focusing unit to the photoelectric conversion unit.

Abstract: An optical element inspecting apparatus for inspecting optical elements for defects. The optical element inspecting apparatus includes an illuminating unit, an image capturing unit, two polarizers, a rotation device, a controller, and a means for composing a plurality of image data captured by the image capturing unit.The optical element to be inspected is placed between the polarizers and is illuminated by the illuminating unit. The light that passes through the polarizers and the optical element is captured by the image capturing unit and stored in memory. The controller controls the rotation device such that the polarizers are rotated by a predetermined amount and a subsequent image data is captured. In this way, a number of image data are captured and all image data are composed to make a composite image data. The optical element is examined to detect flaws therein by using the composite image data.

Abstract: A lamp assembly includes a condensing lens group disposed at one end for collecting and collimating a light from a light source, an exit lens group at the other end of the assembly, including at least one objective lens element for projecting an illuminated light spot at a predetermined distance, and an iris disposed between the condenser lens group and the exit lens group having a variable opening for varying the size of the illuminated light spot between a minimum and a maximum spot diameter at the predetermined distance. The invention allows the illuminated light spot to be focused for at least two separate iris positions at the predetermined distance by allowing relative movement between the objective lens element and the iris to provide enhanced edge definition and illumination uniformity.

Abstract: In a light emitting element module of the present invention, a lens as an optical system for coupling an optical fiber with light emitted from a light emitting element mounted on a substrate is provided for the light emitting element, and the distance between the light emitting element and the lens is defined by a spacer inserted between the substrate and a holder for the lens mounted on the substrate. When this light emitting element module is manufactured, the distance between the light emitting element and the lens is desirably adjusted by properly selecting the thickness of the spacer to be used at that time.

Abstract: An electronic light dot reticle sight (10) for a firearm has a concave surface lens (22) in a tubular lens housing (11) and an external LED (25) connected via a fiber optic (26) to generate a light point image viewable ahead of the concave surface. A tubular circuitry housing (32) joins lens housing (11) at right angles and has a light adjustment knob (58) which turns a printed circuit disk (42) against a contact (54) on an internal shoulder (39) to select a resistor connection (38, 46) to a spring-loaded common battery contact (49). A spring-loaded pin (73), passing through a recoil bar (70) having an arcuate projection (93) that fits within an arcuate recess (94), provides a shock-resistant connection between lens housing (11) and the firearm. Adjustment screws (31, 94) act at one end of bar (70) to set windage and elevation about the pivot.

Abstract: A scanner comprising a light source, having non-uniformities, for transmitting light through an input sample, and a cassette for holding the input sample, wherein a distance from the light source to the cassette is long enough to cause the effects of the non-uniformities to be substantially reduced.

Abstract: A lens system having discrete variations of focal length at discrete distances of radius outward from the optic axis for focussing light of plural wavelengths. The lens system which directs a laser beam onto a target for ablation or exposure applications includes one set of lens elements to handle short wavelength light used for ablation or exposure applications, and another set of lens elements to handle long wavelength light used for alignment applications. The lens system which provides for the ablation or exposure functions at short wavelength and for through-the-lens alignment at a longer wavelength and higher numerical aperture consists of three elements. Two outer lens elements are made entirely of fused quartz. An inner element disposed between the two outer lens is composed of any material such as optical glass. The inner lens element has a hole ground through its center.

Abstract: A radiant thermometer for detecting infrared rays coming from an object along an optical axis to determine its temperature is provided with an improved aiming system. An exterior housing supports an interior housing that mounts the detector having an opening for receiving the infrared rays. A visible sighting light source is provided in the exterior housing behind the detector. A peripheral lens system is mounted between the interior and the exterior housing to provide a cone shaped transmission of light having a larger field angle than a field angle of the detector. The cone shaped transmission of light is capable of being focused on the optical axis for aiming the radiant thermometer.

Abstract: An exposure mechanism having a hole pattern for forming a resist pattern to be used in a photolithography process when a semiconductor device is fabricated, the hole pattern including a central light transmitting portion provided on a transparent substrate, through which exposed light can pass, a plurality of slit-shaped light transmitting portions provided around the central light transmitting portion, and a light intercepting portion provided on the transparent substrate for forming the central light transmitting portion and the slit-shaped light transmitting portions.

Abstract: A binocular surgical loupe which enhances the illumination of the viewed field while avoiding flare effects of illuminating light within the loupe optics. The binocular system utilizes circularly polarized illumination and viewing to prevent flare effects and additionally enhances the illumination of the field of view by utilization of the illumination source waste beam that results from the presence of a beam splitter in the illumination path within the loupe. In addition, a camera system is provided which permits remote viewing of the user's field of view. In one embodiment the camera and view paths include separate, identical zoom lenses which are synchronously controlled so that the fields of illumination and view are kept coextensive. In another embodiment for a binocular loupe, the loupe optics for one eye combines illumination and viewing functions while the loupe for the other eye combines camera and viewing functions.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first and second cylindrical body member separately and coaxially mounted relative to one another with the first body member including a resilient perimeter eye piece mounted about a forward terminal end thereof to permit viewing interiorly of the first cylindrical body member through a focusing lens. The focusing lens coaxially aligned with a plurality of fixed lenses positioned forwardly of a slide receptacle for a slide member directed therethrough for sampling of various blood samples therewithin. A sample transparency is positionable forwardly of the slide member to permit visual observation of normal and abnormal blood samples for comparison with a sample mounted within the slide member. Illumination means is mounted rearwardly of the slide member.