Abstract: A zoom lens device has a first lens holding barrel, a second lens holding barrel, the first lens holding frame and the second lens holding frame, all of which is assembled in a fixed barrel. The second lens holding frame holds a fourth lens group. The second lens holding frame is provided with a hole and a long hole, which fit to a first guide shaft and a second guide shaft respectively. The first and second guide shafts are disposed inside the fixed barrel. A first end of the first guide shaft slidably fits on the second lens holding barrel, while a second end is temporarily fixed to the fixed barrel so as not to move in a direction of an optical axis but to move in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis L. By moving the temporarily fixed second end in the direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis L, the second lens holding frame can move and a decentering adjustment of the fourth lens group will be made.

Abstract: An interchangeable objective for integrated rangefinder cameras is described, having a mechanically mounted objective head (1) and a spiral (14) with a bayonet fitting (15), the spiral (14) containing a spiral mechanism (16) for driving an objective head carrier (17) that is guided axially in a straight line and formed as a cylindrical ring, and a focusing ring (18) which is connected to the spiral mechanism (16) and can be actuated from outside, and is characterized in that, for the purpose of inserting a rear mount part (5) of the objective head (1) into the objective head carrier (17), the focusing ring (18) can be released from the spiral mechanism (16) by removing radially oriented connecting means (19) and can be pushed onto a front mount part (3) of the objective head (1), a threaded ring (7) is rotatably mounted on a central mount part (4) of the objective head (1), and the threaded ring (7) can be screwed (26) onto the objective head carrier (17) in order to connect the objective head (1) to the latt

Abstract: A latch mechanism for producing a releasable connection of a housing portion with a further housing portion provides projections on one of the housing portions, and for producing a releasable connection by means of a rotational motion of the housing portions relative to one another, the latch projections latchingly engaging in associated latch recesses, where the latching mechanism includes a rotatably mounted ring element including the recesses for receiving the projections. The latching mechanism can be connected by means of further latch recesses and further latch projections to the further housing portion.

Abstract: A kinematic optical mounting assembly secures an optical element to a base. A plurality of first bracket assemblies and second bracket assemblies are secured to the base and engage the optical element. Each first bracket assembly constrains the optical element from movement relative to the base in a direction substantially parallel to an axis of the base. Each second bracket assembly constrains the optical element from movement relative to the base in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the base and substantially tangential to a periphery of the base. Six independent bracket assemblies constrain the optical element in six degrees of freedom to provide kinematic constraint without bending moments.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fixing structure for an optical element, which structure enables easy adjustment of a direction of the optical element when the optical element is fixed to a substrate. In order to achieve this object, a fixing member 31 made of metal is fixed to a substrate such that the fixing member holds an optical element therein and the bottom surface of the fixing member is spherical so that the spherical bottom surface touches the edge of the opening of a fixing portion on the substrate. The fixing member holds the optical element. A part of the surface of the fixing member is spherical such that the spherical part of the surface touches the edge of the opening of a fixing portion on the substrate. An optical device in which an optical element is fixed to a substrate with the fixing member mentioned above is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for positioning a finder on the guide telescope and adjusting the finder without introducing bending stresses on the guidescope which cause distortion of the tube holding the optics of both the guidescope and the main telescope, which finder permits the user to manual adjust the finder to any position by relative movement of an x-axis adjustment and a y-axis adjustment.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a reflector that has forward and rearward segments separated by a clearance for cooling, a gobo holder into which gobos of differing sizes can be inserted and held in position, and a lens holder which can be moved forwardly and rearwardly in the lighting device by rotation of a gear which is attached to the lens holder and engages a rack in a slide guide in the lighting device, the gear being moved by a knob located outside the lighting device and which is rotatable with the gear and movable along the lighting device.

Abstract: A projection lens apparatus of a projector and a method of assembling same has a main lens barrel provided with a first projection lens that expands and projects an image that is incident thereto, and a reflection group that reflects the incident image towards the first projection lens group, a rear lens barrel provided with a second reflection group that projects the incident image towards the reflection group, the rear lens barrel being connected to the main lens barrel to move forward and backward to adjust an optical axis of the image as projected, and a pressing mechanism elastically pressing the rear lens barrel with respect to the main lens barrel in the direction of optical axis, thereby maintaining the rear lens barrel at a predetermined position so that the second projection lens group is not deviated from the optical axis.

Abstract: A lens barrel comprises a lens barrel body having a photographic optical system; a first mount unit that is fitted to the lens barrel body; and a second mount unit having a fixing unit for fixing the lens barrel body to a stand, that is detachably fitted to the first mount unit by being slid along a direction substantially parallel to an optical axis of the photographic optical system.

Abstract: A microscope having a base mounted illuminator, an optical element holder operatively arranged to hold an optical element within a beam path of the microscope, and, means for magnetically securing the optical element holder to the illuminator. The optical element holder of the invention includes a housing having a top surface and a bottom surface, the housing having an aperture operatively arranged to hold an optical element, such as a filter or the like, and, at least one magnet attached to, and extending from the bottom surface of the housing, the magnet operatively arranged to be attracted to a portion of the base-mounted illuminator. A magnetic optical element holder and optical element for a microscope in combination, having an annularly shaped housing having a flanged aperture therein, the housing having a top surface and a bottom surface, the optical element operatively arranged to be held within the flanged aperture, and, at least one magnet attached to the bottom surface of the housing.

Abstract: In a lens mounting mechanism, by rotating a ring member through touching lugs of the ring member and aligning grooves of a base member and recesses of the ring member in the circumferential direction, and then inserting a lens barrel into a hole portion, the lens barrel is moved to the hole portion without being interfered by projections of a barrel mounting member, so that the lens barrel can be inserted into the hole portion until a flange portion abuts against an opening end surface. Then, by touching the lugs of the ring member and rotating the ring member to displace the recesses from the grooves of the base member in the circumference direction, the projection of the barrel mounting member is locked by the ring member and the barrel mounting member is fixed to the base member, so that the lens barrel can be mounted to the apparatus body.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fixing structure for an optical element, which structure enables easy adjustment of a direction of the optical element when the optical element is fixed to a substrate. In order to achieve this object, a fixing member 31 made of metal is fixed to a substrate such that the fixing member holds an optical element therein and the bottom surface of the fixing member is spherical so that the spherical bottom surface touches the edge of the opening of a fixing portion on the substrate. The fixing member holds the optical element. A part of the surface of the fixing member is spherical such that the spherical part of the surface touches the edge of the opening of a fixing portion on the substrate. An optical device in which an optical element is fixed to a substrate with the fixing member mentioned above is also provided.

Abstract: In a lens mounting mechanism, by rotating a ring member through touching lugs of the ring member and aligning grooves of a base member and recesses of the ring member in the circumferential direction, and then inserting a lens barrel into a hole portion, the lens barrel is moved to the hole portion without being interfered by projections of a barrel mounting member, so that the lens barrel can be inserted into the hole portion until a flange portion abuts against an opening end surface. Then, by touching the lugs of the ring member and rotating the ring member to displace the recesses from the grooves of the base member in the circumference direction, the projection of the barrel mounting member is locked by the ring member and the barrel mounting member is fixed to the base member, so that the lens barrel can be mounted to the apparatus body.

Abstract: An apparatus for the precision positioning of an optical component a group of lenses or mirror, in the axial direction and/or for tilting the component and has an axial adjustment device and/or a tilting device. The axial adjustment device has an adjusting nut that includes a guide ring and a clamping ring. The two rings are connected to one another elastically via a blade. Individual clamping jaws are formed by axial incisions in the clamping ring and are braced with the guide ring via tensioning members. The tilting device has an inner and an outer tilting part. The inner tilting part is connected to the outer tilting part via torsion joints, and the outer tilting part is connected to a bearing part via torsion joints.

Abstract: A module for mounting an optical element (e.g. a lens) in a predetermined position in an optical apparatus comprises a carrying member which holds the optical element and a receiving member, for attachment to the optical apparatus, for receiving the carrying member. The carrying member is guided into the receiving member transverse to the optical axis of the optical element by a combination of pins on the carrying member engaging with grooves in the receiving member and pins on the receiving member engaging with recessed ledges on the carrying member. Locating elements on the carrying member engage with locating elements on the receiving member to constrain the degrees of freedom of the carrying member kinematically. Magnets hold the carrying member and receiving member together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for flatly displacing in all directions a support, with quick locking means, the main feature of which is that it comprises a flat support housed in a casing, delimiting the displacement region of said flat support. On the flat support a locking body operatively associated with a locking driving element which can be accessed from the outside of the casing is overlapped.

Abstract: A retention system for securing a stage mirror to the wafer stage of a semiconductor manufacturing device includes at least one first bracket and at least one second bracket. The retention system rigidly secures the stage mirror to the wafer stage during movement of the wafer stage to reduce positional measurement errors. The at least one first bracket has a substantially planar first contact surface for engaging the reflective surface of the mirror. The first contact surface is a finished aluminum surface, which does not scratch the mirror surface. The at least one first bracket is formed with a gusset providing increased stiffness in the direction of movement of the wafer stage. The at least one second bracket includes an actuator for moving a substantially planar second contact surface into engagement with a rear surface of the mirror. In one embodiment, the actuator is a threaded fastener and the second contact surface is a finished polyimide resin tip.

Abstract: An external helicoid thread comprises a helicoid thread composed of a first ridge whose both flanks are formed at a first flank angle, and a helicoid thread composed of second ridge whose both flanks are formed at a second flank angle, which is different from the first flank angle; and an internal helicoid thread is kept in screwed-state engagement with the external helicoid thread. In a lens barrel obtained using a connection based on such helicoid threads, the connection provided by these helicoid threads can thereby remain secured even if a sudden outside force is applied to the lens barrel.

Abstract: A six-axis attachment mechanism for aligning a spatial light modulator (106) within a display system. An attachment plate (100) has one or more pins (104) extending therefrom. A socket plate (108) onto which a spatial light modulator (106) is attached slides over the pins (104). The modulator is then positioned to optically align it with the remainder of the display system. As the modulator is held in alignment, a washer (110) is slid onto the pin (104) and is bonded to both the pin (104) and to the socket plate (108). Washers (110) are typically transparent to enable the use of an optically cured adhesive. Glass washers (110) allow ultraviolet radiation to reach the adhesive through the glass washer (110).

Abstract: A linear-motion helicoid mechanism for a CCTV camera, comprising a lens frame for holding lenses, a key member, a helicoid female member and a rotating frame that is formed integrally with the helicoid female member. The lens frame comprises a cylindrical lens holder having helicoids and keyways on an outer periphery of the cylinder. The key member comprises a cylindrical part having keys for engagement with the keyways provided on the key member. The helicoid female member comprises a cylindrical part having helicoids that engage with the helicoids of the helicoid female member. The rotating frame and the helicoid female member are engaged together with a bayonet mechanism, so that the rotating frame fixes a position of the helicoid female member to the key member in the optical axis direction and supports it rotatably about the optical axis.

Abstract: A flexible lens mount for securing a flexible lens having a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The flexible lens mount comprises a resilient member, a base member, and a fastener. The resilient member includes a first end, a second end, and a first surface adapted to abut the second side of the flexible lens. The resilient member is adapted to be flexed to form a first arc of about degrees D of about radius R. The base member includes a second surface forming a second arc which complements the first arc. The second surface is adapted to abut the first side of the flexible lens such that the flexible lens is disposed intermediate the first and second surfaces. The base member further comprises a first retaining member disposed at one end to retain the first end of the resilient member, and a second retaining member disposed at an other end to retain the second end of the resilient member.

Abstract: A retention system for securing a stage mirror to the wafer stage of a semiconductor manufacturing device includes at least one first bracket and at least one second bracket. The retention system rigidly secures the stage mirror to the wafer stage during movement of the wafer stage to reduce positional measurement errors. The at least one first bracket has a substantially planar first contact surface for engaging the reflective surface of the mirror. The first contact surface is a finished aluminum surface, which does not scratch the mirror surface. The at least one first bracket is formed with a gusset providing increased stiffness in the direction of movement of the wafer stage. The at least one second bracket includes an actuator for moving a substantially planar second contact surface into engagement with a rear surface of the mirror. In one embodiment, the actuator is a threaded fastener and the second contact surface is a finished polyimide resin tip.

Abstract: Lens fixture for removably attaching a lens at an apparatus, which consists at least of, on one hand, a seat at the lens or at an adapter piece and, on the other hand, an attachment mechanism at the apparatus, which mechanism at least is composed of a carrier structure with an opening for providing the lens or adapter piece therein, and an elastically working pressing system comprising one or more substantially radially working pressing elements, which pressing system can cooperate with said seat of the lens, the adapter piece, respectively, and, in coupled condition of the lens or the adapter piece, exerts a permanent axial pressure force onto this latter, wherein the lens fixture comprises pressing elements formed by spring wire.

Abstract: A body frame, which is a lens barrel device, comprising two semi-circular torus-shaped lens frames, respectively, mounting thereto a forward-group lens and a rearward-group lens, and two guide shafts fixed to one of the lens frames and slidably inserted into a sleeve fixed to the other of the lens frames and into a slot, the two lens frames being supported to advance and retreat relative to each other. When a jig is used to assemble the lens frames, the two lens frames are mounted to the jig while the forward-group lens, the rearward-group lens and the two guide shafts are inserted into the jig with gaps therebetween, the jig being in a state, in which the forward-group lens, the rearward-group lens and the two guide shafts are retained in a predetermined position, and an adhesive is filled into and fixed to the respective gaps to complete assembly. Such lens body frame can ensure optical performance without being affected by accuracy of parts such as lens frames, guide shafts, photographing lenses and so on.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus including an optical unit that movably supports an optical member driven by a manual-drive member, an input member driven by an actuator, an output member for transmitting drive of the input member and driving the manual-drive member, and a state switching unit for performing switching between a first state to transmit drive and a second state so as not to transmit drive in the input member and the output member, in which the input member and the output member are in contact with each other when the state switching unit is in the first state and in the second state.

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel includes a cylindrical member which is provided with a female helicoid; a split helicoid cylinder having a rear helicoid ring portion which is provided with a male helicoid which is screw-engaged with the female helicoid, and a front cylindrical portion which is detachably connected to the rear helicoid ring portion so as not to relatively rotate; a linear movement cylinder provided in the split helicoid cylinder so as to move in the optical axis direction; and a connecting structure for connecting the linear movement cylinder to the split helicoid cylinder so as to relatively rotate and so as not to relatively move in the optical axis direction, so that the rear helicoid ring portion and the front cylindrical portion of the split helicoid cylinder maintain connected by the connecting structure without being disconnected in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes an outer barrel including a lens-hood mount portion at the front end of the outer barrel, a lens hood being detachably attached to the lens-hood mount portion; an inner barrel including a filter mount portion at the front end of the inner barrel and positioned inside the outer barrel to be rotatable about an optical axis relative to the outer barrel; and a manually rotatable structure adopted to rotate the inner barrel from the outside of the outer barrel.

Abstract: The present invention is a two position optical element actuator device utilizing a powered means to hold an actuation arm, to which an optical element is attached, in a first position. A non-powered means drives the actuation arm to a second position, when the powered means ceases to receive power. The optical element may be a electromagnetic (EM) radiation or particle source, an instrument, or EM radiation or particle transmissive, reflective or absorptive elements. A bearing is used to transfer motion and smoothly transition the actuation arm from the first to second position.

Abstract: The present invention is a bistable optical element actuator device utilizing a powered means to move an actuation arm, to which an optical element is attached, between two stable positions. A non-powered means holds the actuation arm in either of the two stable positions. The optical element may be a electromagnetic (EM) radiation or particle source, an instrument, or EM radiation or particle transmissive reflective or absorptive elements. A bearing is used to transfer motion and smoothly transition the actuation arm between the two stable positions.

Abstract: A computer input device includes a housing in the shape of a magnifying glass having a lens portion and a handle portion extending from the lens portion. The device also includes a detector mounted in the housing and operable to detect an element displayed on a computer display and to generate a corresponding detection signal and an actuator mounted on the housing. Circuitry mounted in the housing is operable to receive the detection signal, generate an actuation signal in response to actuation of the actuator, and transmit the detection signal and the actuation signal to a computer. The housing may include a partially reflective, angularly disposed beam splitter such that a user can observe an image on a computer screen through the beam splitter, and the image can be reflected to the detector. The computer may have software operable to control an image displayed on the computer monitor in response to the detection signal.

Abstract: A six-axis attachment mechanism for aligning a spatial light modulator (106) within a display system. An attachment plate (100) has one or more pins (104) extending therefrom. A socket plate (108) onto which a spatial light modulator (106) is attached slides over the pins (104). The modulator is then positioned to optically align it with the remainder of the display system. As the modulator is held in alignment, a washer (110) is slid onto the pin (104) and is bonded to both the pin (104) and to the socket plate (108). Washers (110) are typically transparent to enable the use of an optically cured adhesive. Glass washers (110) allow ultraviolet radiation to reach the adhesive through the glass washer (110).

Abstract: While the three angles of a plate supporting an optical element, including rolling, pitching and yawing angles, are adjusted, the height of an upper plate of a conventional adjusting device changes. In order to solve this problem, small balls of adjusting screws engaged with a middle plate are made to be abut on three V-shaped concave plates formed on an upper plate, and a spring is extended between spring hooks of the upper plate and middle plate to make the upper and middle plate be forced near each other. By rotating the three adjusting screws, the three angles of the upper plate can be adjusted, and the distance between the upper surface of the upper plate and the lower surface of the lower plate can be adjusted. The middle plate is rotatively supported by the lower plate, and by rotating the projecting shaft of the middle plate, the optical element can be rotated about its optical axis.

Abstract: An image capturing device has a base plate with a solid-state optical sensor mounted on the top surface. The base plate has a plurality of apertures defined therethrough. A glass frame is detachably mounted on the base plate and has an opening defined therethrough and a piece of glass mounted at the upper end of the opening. A lens retainer is detachably mounted on the glass frame and has a tubular portion with a hole in alignment with the optical sensor, a male thread formed at an outer periphery of the tubular portion; and an adjusting ring covering the tubular portion and having a female thread engaged with the male thread on the tubular portion and a lens installed therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for the precision positioning of a component, especially of an optical component, such as a group of lenses or mirror, in the axial direction and/or for tilting the component possesses an axial adjustment device 23 and/or a tilting device 8. The axial adjustment device may possess an adjusting nut 24, which is composed of a guide ring 25 and a clamping ring 26. The two rings may be connected to one another elastically via a blade 29. Individual clamping jaws 31 are formed by axial incisions 30 in the clamping ring 26 and can be is braced in each case with the guide ring 25 via tensioning members 34. The tilting device 8 may have an inner and an outer tilting part 7, 10. The inner tilting part 7 is connected to the outer tilting part 10 via torsion joints 36, and the outer tilting part 10 is connected to a bearing part 11 via torsion joints 37.

Abstract: Lens fixture for removably attaching a lens at an apparatus, which consists at least of, on one hand, a seat at the lens or at an adapter piece and, on the other hand, an attachment mechanism at the apparatus, which mechanism at least is composed of a carrier structure with an opening for providing the lens or adapter piece therein, and an elastically working pressing system comprising one or more substantially radially working pressing elements, which pressing system can cooperate with said seat of the lens, the adapter piece, respectively, and, in coupled condition of the lens or the adapter piece, exerts a permanent axial pressure force onto this latter, wherein the lens fixture comprises pressing elements formed by spring wire.

Abstract: A light flux deflecting device includes a light flux deflecting unit displacable along a predetermined plane for deflecting light flux, and a support unit for supporting the light flux deflecting unit in such a manner as to allow the light flux deflecting unit to move in a direction along the plane, but to restrain the light flux deflecting unit from moving in a direction vertical to the plane. The support unit includes a support portion comprising (1) at least three hinge portions having short sides arranged to lie in the direction along the plane, and (2) rigid members each positioned between two adjacent hinge portions and having a predetermined width in the direction along the plane.

Abstract: The arrangement comprises guide units (1) having an arcuate groove (4), a pivotal part (2) with arcuate slide runners (14) and means (6) for the adjustment of the width of the groove. In this way a self-locking can be achieved with simple means in advantageous manner. A function carrier for an objective carrier or an image carrier with this arrangement has the advantages of the omission of a setting device for the horizontal pivoting and the associated saving in weight and height in a plate camera and also a wobble-free pivoting of the objective frame and image frame.

Abstract: A floating lens barrel includes a stationary barrel which can be connected to a camera body, a rotation ring which is rotatably supported by the stationary barrel and which is rotated in accordance with the focusing operation, a female helicoid ring provided on the stationary barrel, a front lens support ring which supports a focusing front lens group and which is guided to move linearly in the optical axis direction, a male helicoid ring which is supported by the front lens support ring so as to rotate relative thereto but not to move in the optical axis direction relative to the front lens support ring, a combination of rotation transmission grooves and pins for transmitting the rotation of the rotation ring to the male helicoid ring, and a rear lens support ring which holds a focusing rear lens group and which is guided to move linearly in the optical axis direction by the front lens support ring, in accordance with a cam groove formed in the male helicoid ring.

Abstract: A telescopic objective lens system comprises a positive first lens group and a second lens group, in this order from the object. The second lens group comprises a first sub-lens group and a second sub-lens group, wherein the first sub-lens group is combined with the first lens group to be used for correcting axial chromatic aberration, the second sub-lens group is combined with the first lens group to be used for correcting field curvature; and wherein the combination of the first lens group and the first sub-lens group, and the combination of the first lens group and the second sub-lens group can be alternatively selected.

Abstract: A front end structure of a stereoscopic endoscope comprises a lens barrel main body 3 having a pair of lens barrel portions 31R, 31L for holding and accommodating a pair of objective optical systems 32R, 32L so as to make them project toward an object, respectively; and a front end part main body 2 formed with a pair of holes 21R, 21L for receiving the respective lens barrel portions 31R, 31L, while the image-side end portion of the front end part main body 2 is formed like a cylinder surrounding the lens barrel main body 3. The left and right side portions 41R, 41L of the outer peripheral surface of the lens barrel main body 3 are inscribed in the cylindrical portion 26 of the front end part main body 2, so that the lens barrel main body 3 and the front end part main body 2 slidably mate with each other. As a consequence, the front end part main body 2 and the lens barrel main body 3 can be assembled to each other while in a state positioned with respect to each other with a high accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention is a bi-stable optical actuator device that is depowered in both stable positions. A bearing is used to transfer motion and smoothly transition from one state to another. The optical actuator device may be maintained in a stable position either by gravity or a restraining device.

Abstract: A zoom lens is formed of a fixed cylinder, an outer movable cylinder, an inner movable cylinder, and a guide plate disposed between the fixed cylinder and the outer movable cylinder. The outer movable cylinder is movably fitted into the fixed cylinder and is provided at one end thereof with a first locating point, a second locating point, and a third locating point. The guide plate displaces along with the outer movable cylinder and has a reference portion, which is aligned with the first locating point, the second locating point, and the third locating point to determine the focal position of the lens.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for accurately orienting an optical component (10) with respect to an axis comprises three mounting elements arranged at the apices of a triangle, one of said mounting elements (16) is fixed whilst the other two (18, 29) are each provided on a pivotable mounting member 20. The mounting member (20) is arranged so that it can pivot against the resilience of a pivot mounting so that when a force is applied to the pivotable mounting member it is caused to pivot and thereby adjust the orientation of the component (10).

Abstract: An improved optical holder having a cylindrical, threaded front chamber raised from a front side thereof, a locating hole perpendicularly disposed in communication with the threaded front chamber into which a tightening up screw is threaded to hold down a focusing lens assembly in the threaded front chamber, a CCD mounting chamber at a rear side thereof in alignment with the threaded front chamber for holding a CCD (charge coupled device), a plurality of annular flanges raised one behind another between the CCD mounting chamber and the threaded front chamber for eliminating the interference of reflected and refracted light, a window aligned between the annular flanges and the CCD mounting chamber, a color filter chamber disposed between the annular flanges and the window for holding a color filter, and a mounting leg in one corner of the rear side of the optical holder for fitting into a pin hole on a circuit board on which the CCD is mounted, for permitting the CCD to be fitted into the CCD mounting chamber

Abstract: The exposure projection apparatus includes an illumination system which illuminates a mask with a light beam, and a optical projection system which projects the image of a pattern formed on the mask onto a substrate. The optical projection system includes a first barrel which holds a plurality of optical elements, at least three second barrels, each holding at least one optical element disposed between the mask and the first barrel, so that the coma, astigmatism, and distortion of the optical projection system can be adjusted, and a first optical element which is disposed between the substrate and the first barrel so that either the spherical aberration or curvature of field of the optical projection system, or both, can be adjusted.

Abstract: A penta mirror diagonal and zoom lens assembly for refracting or catadioptric astronomical telescopes includes a specially adapted zoom lens with a key extending outward from an objective lens and an adaptor designed for insertion and retention in a viewing end of an astronomical or catadioptric telescope. The adaptor includes a keyway which mates with the key on the zoom lens, thus allowing the zoom lens to be used only with the adaptor. The zoom lens itself is specially designed for use with astronomical or catadioptric telescopes.

Abstract: A system for mounting a guide scope to a primary telescope is disclosed. The mounting system includes a mounting base member, a guide scope holder, and adjusting means between the mounting base member and the guide scope holder allowing horizontal and vertical adjustment of the holder relative to the mounting base member.

Abstract: An interlock ring is provided to transmit a rotational force of a casing of a lens unit to a attachment ring, and contact faces of a projection of the attachment ring and a projection of the interlock ring are slant. Thereby, the stress is prevented from concentrating at the base corners of the projections. Thus, the projections can be prevented from breaking due to over-fastening.

Abstract: An auxiliary optical unit AU, which is removable on an object side of an objective lens of a microscope, has a built-in auxiliary lens group 15 having a negative refractive power. The auxiliary optical unit AU is provided with a focal point adjustment mechanism which shifts the auxiliary lens group 15 in the optical axial direction. By adjusting the auxiliary lens group 15, the telephoto focal point is shifted substantially to infinity when mounted to the objective lens system. The auxiliary optical unit AU is mounted so that the image plane of the auxiliary lens group alone is positioned, while the focus adjustment mechanism is focused at a substantially infinite focal point, where the object for the microscope to be observed is located.

Abstract: Method of assembling a large, lightweight, composite optical device such as a mirror or lens, includes providing a plurality of flat, lightweight optical element sections, fastening each optical element section to an associated frame segment to provide a plurality of optical elements and detachably fastening a plurality of the optical elements together in a manner causing all of them to lie in a single plane. After use, the device is disassembled and the optical elements are stacked in a compact mass to make them readily portable.