Abstract: An optical device includes an objective module, a prism module and an ocular module. The prism module includes a first prism, a second prism, a third prism and a first coating. The prism module is disposed between the objective module and the ocular module. A first light beam emitted by an object sequentially passes through the objective module, the prism module and the ocular module. Central axes of the objective module and the ocular module are in parallel without overlapping.

Abstract: A compound prism module is provided, including: a first prism, a second prism, and an interface filling medium. The first prism has a first light-incident surface, a first reflecting surface, and a first light-emitting surface, where the first light-incident surface and the first light-emitting surface are connected to a first side edge, and the first light-incident surface and the first reflecting surface are connected to a first chamfered plane. The second prism has a second light-incident surface, a second reflecting surface, and a second light-emitting surface, wherein the second light-incident surface and the second light-emitting surface are connected to a second side edge, and the second light-incident surface and the second reflecting surface are connected to a second chamfered plane. The first light-incident surface and the second light-incident surface are connected to each other, and the first side edge and the second side edge are parallel to each other.

Abstract: A total reflection screen comprises a light diffusion layer, a total reflection layer and a light absorption layer arranged sequentially from an incidence side of the projected light. The light absorption layer can absorb an incident light. The light diffusion layer is used for increasing a divergence angle of emergent light. The total reflection layer comprises a plurality of microstructure units that is rotationally symmetrical and extends continuously in a plane of the total reflection screen. Each of the microstructure units comprises a first material layer disposed at the side of the light diffusion layer and a second material layer disposed at the side of the light absorption layer. The interface between the first material layer and the second material layer is comprised of two intersecting planes, which are disposed in such a way that the projected light is subjected to total reflection continuously at the two intersecting planes.

Abstract: A high power uniform light beam is generated on an oblique plane by one or more diode lasers and 2 or more light pipes. The light pipes may be trapezoidal so that the illuminated area is substantially square. The light pipes may be elliptical so that the illuminated area is substantially circular.

Abstract: A compound prism module is provided, including a first prism and a second prism. The first prism includes a first light-incident surface, a first reflecting surface, and a first light-emergent surface connected to each other, where the first light-incident surface and the first light-emergent surface are connected to each other on a first side edge. The second prism includes a second light-incident surface, a second reflecting surface, and a second light-emergent surface connected to each other, where the second light-incident surface and the second light-emergent surface are connected on a second side edge. The first light-incident surface and the second light-incident surface are connected to each other and are coplanar, the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface are connected on a third side edge, there is a spacing between the third side edge and a connection between the first light-incident surface and the second light-incident surface.

Abstract: A system and method for scanning of coherent LIDAR. The system includes a motor, a laser source configured to generate an optical beam, and a deflector. A first facet of the plurality of facets has a facet normal direction. The deflector is coupled to the motor and is configured to rotate about a rotation axis to deflect the optical beam from the laser source. The laser source is configured to direct the optical beam such that the optical beam is incident on the deflector at a first incident angle in a first plane, wherein the first plane includes the rotation axis, wherein the first incident angle is spaced apart from the facet normal direction for the first facet. A second facet of the plurality of facets includes an optical element configured to deflect the optical beam at the first incident angle into a deflected angle.

Abstract: An optical path deflecting prism for endoscope which is used for observing an object in an oblique direction, includes a first prism and a second prism, and the first prism and the second prism are cemented. The first prism has a first polished surface and a second polished surface. The first reflecting surface is a mirror surface having a mirror coating applied to a polished surface of a flat plate, and is fixed by gluing to the fifth polished surface of the second prism upon adjusting an angle so as to correct an optical-axis shift which occurs due to a manufacturing error of the first prism and the second prism.

Abstract: A curved screen comprises the following layers sequentially arranged from inside to outside: a black light-absorbing layer, a microstructure array layer, and a transparent matrix layer. The microstructure array layer consists of a plurality of microstructure units. The microstructure unit is a V-shaped recess consisting of two intersecting inclined surfaces. The microstructure array layer is rotationally symmetrical with respect to a center line of the curved screen. Angles of the V-shaped recesses in respective longitudinal cross sections of the curved screen are uniquely determined according to incident angles of light rays from a projector. Also disclosed are a method of arranging microstructures in the curved screen and a projection system comprising the curved screen. The curved screen has a higher contrast, improved brightness uniformity and an enlarged field of view.

Abstract: A reflector arrangement having at least one retroreflector and at least one sensor arrangement arranged downstream of the retroreflector in relation to a beam incidence direction, having a sensor. The sensor arrangement comprises a code element—having a code pattern, and the retroreflector, the code element—and the sensor are arranged in such a way that the code element—is arranged between the retroreflector and the sensor and an angle-dependent position with respect to the optical axis of a projection of the code pattern onto the detection surface can be determined by means of the sensor.

Abstract: A method for producing a half mirror includes forming a reflection region by which light is reflected and a transmission region through which the light is transmitted on a surface of a transparent plate Only the reflection region is coated with a plating. The coating includes a masking step of coating a position of the transparent plate corresponding to the transmission region with a masking material, a plating step of coating the entire surface which includes the transmission region which has been coated with the masking material and the reflection region with the plating, a plating removing step of removing the plating to a depth in which the masking material is exposed after the plating step, and a masking material removing step of removing the masking material after the plating removing step.

Abstract: A method for producing a half mirror includes forming a reflection region by which light is reflected and a transmission region through which the light is transmitted on a surface of a transparent plate Only the reflection region is coated with a plating. The coating includes a masking step of coating a position of the transparent plate corresponding to the transmission region with a masking material, a plating step of coating the entire surface which includes the transmission region which has been coated with the masking material and the reflection region with the plating, a plating removing step of removing the plating to a depth in which the masking material is exposed after the plating step, and a masking material removing step of removing the masking material after the plating removing step.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include a lithographic patterning system and methods of using such a system to form a microelectronic device. In an embodiment, the lithographic patterning system includes an actinic radiation source, a stage where a major surface of the stage is for supporting a substrate with a resist layer, and a first prism over the stage, where the first prism comprises a first face that is substantially parallel to the major surface of the stage. In an embodiment, the lithographic patterning system further comprises a second prism, where the second prism comprises a first surface that is substantially parallel to a second surface of the first prism, and where a second surface of the second prism has a reflective coating.

Abstract: Provided is a light control film capable of gradually changing the in-plane transmittance and thereby adding an in-plane gradation between light and dark. A light control film 10 according to the present invention includes: a first electrode 22A and a second electrode 22B disposed facing each other; a light control material 14 disposed between the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B and changing the transmittance in accordance with the potential difference between the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B; and a potential gradient forming part for providing the gradient of the potential difference in the extension direction of the first electrode 22A and the second electrode 22B.

Abstract: A method for producing a half mirror includes forming a reflection region by which light is reflected and a transmission region through which the light is transmitted on a surface of a transparent plate Only the reflection region is coated with a plating. The coating includes a masking step of coating a position of the transparent plate corresponding to the transmission region with a masking material, a plating step of coating the entire surface which includes the transmission region which has been coated with the masking material and the reflection region with the plating, a plating removing step of removing the plating to a depth in which the masking material is exposed after the plating step, and a masking material removing step of removing the masking material after the plating removing step.

Abstract: A prism element configured to be disposed between an illumination system and a light valve includes a first prism and a second prism. The first side face, the second side face, and the third side face of the first prism are connected in sequence. The incident surface, the emitting surface, and the transmission surface of the second prism are connected in sequence. The incident surface and the third side face are disposed face to face. The angle between the transmission surface and a normal line of the emitting surface is ±20°. After an illumination light provided by the illumination system transmits through the first side face and enters the first prism, the illumination light transmitting through the third side face forms a transmission light. The transmission light enters the second prism from the incident surface and leaves the second prism from the transmission surface. A projection apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A rigid scope includes: an objective lens composed of, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group having a negative power, a second lens group including a lens having a positive power, and a third lens group including two or more lenses; a relay lens arranged on the image side of the objective lens; a first lens frame that fixes in place a front group including at least the first lens group and the second lens group of the objective lens; and a second lens frame that fixes in place a rear group including one or more remaining lenses constituting the objective lens and at least part of the relay lens.

Abstract: An optical device includes a center section having a lens portion for modifying distribution of a first part of light emitted by a light source, and a peripheral section surrounding the center section and including a conical surface for modifying distribution of a second part of the light emitted by the light source. The conical surface includes ridges where total internal reflection takes place when a light beam arrives from the light source at one of side surfaces of each ridge, and surface penetration takes place when the reflected light beam arrives at the other side surface of the ridge under consideration. Thus, the conical surface acts both as a reflective surface and as a refractive surface for achieving a desired light distribution pattern.

Abstract: A head-mounted display apparatus for a viewer has an optical imager having a display generator that is energizable to emit image-bearing light in a first direction and a prism that is configured to redirect the generated light in a second direction that is toward the viewer's eye and orthogonal to within +/?30 degrees relative to the first direction. A housing is configured to form a sealed chamber that encloses at least the display generator of the optical imager and to expose at least a portion of the prism extended from the sealed chamber. A releasable coupling formed onto a cover element of the sealed chamber is configured to cooperate with a mounting fixture formed on headgear worn by the viewer for mounting the housing and suspending the exposed portion of the prism into a field of view of the viewer's eye.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical system for imaging using a camera and a light source of a handheld device, wherein the optical system comprises a transparent optic defining an optical volume, the transparent optic comprising a first main face adapted for positioning an object to be imaged, the transparent optic adapted to admit into the optical volume a light emitted by the light source for illuminating the object and wherein the transparent optic is adapted to admit the light having interacted with the object into the optical volume and turn the light inside the optical volume such that the light is internally reflected within the optical volume and exit the optical volume to be incident onto the camera.

Abstract: An encoder head configured for use with a lithographic exposure tool. The head is devoid of a multiplicity of stand-alone optical retroreflectors.

Abstract: A multipass cell assembly for monitoring of fluid is described, as well as fluid processing systems utilizing same, and associated methods of use of such multipass cell assembly for fluid monitoring. The multipass cell assembly is usefully employed in fluid processing operations such as monitoring of vapor deposition process reactants, e.g., reactants used for vapor deposition metallization of tungsten from a tungsten carbonyl precursor.

Abstract: An anti-theft lock system for a motor vehicle includes a motor vehicle support surface, a component to be protected from theft and an electromagnetic locking feature securing the component to the motor vehicle support surface. An anti-theft mirror and a method of preventing theft of a frangible component from a motor vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: An embossed sheet configuring a decorative sheet includes a sheet-shaped base that has translucency, and a plurality of reflective portions provided on one surface of the base. Each of the plurality of reflective portions has a reflective main surface that reflects incident light, and connecting surfaces that are provided between the reflective main surface and the base. Each reflective main surface is rectilinear on a first cross-section and curvilinear on a second cross-section. A gradient of a straight line at a center position of the reflective main surface that is rectilinear on the first cross-section, in relation to the one surface of the base, varies within a range of ±40 degrees in each of the plurality of reflective portions. As a result, the reflective portion can reflect incident light at regular and non-regular angles.

Abstract: A distance meter telescope having a telescope lens, a laser receiver, a display unit, a laser emission module, a beam splitter assembly and an eyepiece; the laser receiver receives a laser beam emitted from the laser emission module; the beam splitter assembly has a roof prism, a prism separation board, a first semi-penta prism and a second semi-penta prism; the roof prism has a light input surface, a roof surface, and an output surface; the first semi-penta prism has a first entering and reflective surface for output light, a first input and output surface and a first gluing surface; the second semi-penta prism has a second entering and reflective surface for output light, a second input and output surface and a second gluing surface. The beam splitter assembly makes the light beam passing through the telescope lens, the laser light beam received by the laser receiver and the light beam from the display unit coaxial. Accordingly, product size can be reduced and the prisms can be shared.

Abstract: An optical system configured as part of optical metrology unit used to assess the operational status of a workpiece and, in a specific case, configured as an encoder head of a lithographic exposure tool. The optical system is devoid of a stand-alone optical corner-cubes and includes, instead, a single, imperfect or frustrated cuboid of optically-isotropic material that, in operation with the diffraction grating of the workpiece, simultaneously forms four interferometric signals for measuring x-, y, and z-positions of the workpiece grating relative to the optical system. Proposed system and method solve problems of (i) structural complexity of a conventional metrology unit for use in an exposure tool, (ii) burdensome alignment of the multitude of optical prisms in the process of forming such metrology unit, and (iii) cyclic non-linear errors associated with measurements involving conventional corner-cubes-based metrology units.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a head-mounted projection display, and more particularly, but not exclusively to a polarized head-mounted projection display including a light engine and a compact, high-performance projection lens for use with reflective microdisplays.

Abstract: A sample measurement pool comprises a reflecting cavity and at least one reflecting structure, wherein the reflecting cavity is configured to accommodate a sample to be measured; the reflecting structure is arranged at a boundary of the reflecting cavity; and the reflecting structure comprises a contact surface in contact with the sample to be measured, and a reflecting surface away from the sample to be measured. The sample contact surface has a chemical inertness to the sample, and meanwhile, the surface away from the sample to be measured serve as the reflecting surface, so that the sample to be measured and impurities therein are prevented from damaging the reflecting surface having a reflection function. The sample measurement pool has the advantages of a long optical path and high environmental adaptability.

Abstract: An optical element is configured by connecting a plurality of tiles each constituted by a plurality of reflective optical elements, and is formed in a shape having a plane surface. The tiles configuring the optical element are formed such that outer shapes on the plane surface of the tiles have at least two different triangular shapes, while an end surface of each tile is provided with a light shielding part.

Abstract: A flat lens system includes a wedge-shaped refractive material having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface for refracting incident light beams from an object having a width of Y, from the first surface towards the second surface; a reflective material positioned at the second surface of the wedge-shaped refractive material for reflecting the refracted light beams at a first angle toward the first surface, wherein the reflected light beams are refracted from the first surface at a second angle to form an image of the object having a width of X and including chromatic aberrations; and an apparatus for processing the image of the object to reduce said chromatic aberrations.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: stretching and dyeing a laminate including a resin substrate having a long shape and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer formed on one side of the resin substrate, to thereby produce a polarizing film on the resin substrate; laminating an optically functional film on a side of the polarizing film of the laminate, to thereby produce an optically functional film laminate; and cutting widthwise direction end portions of the optically functional film laminate. The cut portions include the resin substrate, the polarizing film, and the optically functional film.

Abstract: A field of view deviator apparatus for a camera lens housing on a personal communications device has a coupling that seats a removable element in a position adjacent to the camera lens and a field of view deviator prism that seats in the coupling and defines a path for image-bearing light from the subject scene to the camera lens having a first transmissive surface that is at a sufficiently oblique angle to the defined path of image-bearing light within the prism for total internal reflection, a second transmissive surface that is substantially at a normal to the defined path of incident image-bearing light within the prism; and a first reflective surface that folds the defined path of image-bearing light within the prism.

Abstract: A substrate housing portion stores a circuit substrate that outputs an image signal. The optical unit generates and projects an image based on the image signal output from the circuit substrate. The image is projected onto a combiner. The optical unit has an optical unit main body that includes a light source and an image display element, and a projection unit that is attached to the optical unit main body and that determines a projection direction. The projection unit is provided with an intermediate image screen that images an intermediate image and is freely removed from or installed in the optical unit main body.

Abstract: A prism optical system including at least four optical surfaces, each having optical functions. At least two of the four optical surfaces are each a rotationally asymmetric surface, and one of two surfaces on which light is incident or from which light exits out is capable of one transmission and two internal reflections.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a light guide plate, a light coupling unit and a plurality of light emitting devices. The light guide plate has a light incident side. The light coupling unit includes a plurality of light coupling devices arranged in a side-by-side manner. Each light coupling device has a first side and a second side, and the first and second sides are opposite to each other. The second side is adjacent to the light incident side. Each light coupling device is configured to have a thickness gradually decreasing from the first side toward the second side. The light emitting devices are disposed beside the first sides of the light coupling devices. Another backlight module is also provided.

Abstract: A sample cell for a spectrometer, and a spectrometer using such a sample cell. The sample cell may include a housing having a reflective inner surface which is at least a section of a spheroid bounding a cavity. A lens system receives electromagnetic radiation from a source and directs a converging beam through a port in the cavity to a focal point inside the cavity, such that the beam undergoes multiple reflections on the inner surface before exiting the cavity. Arrangements for adjusting beam cross-sectional area and angle are optionally provided. Methods which can be performed on such an apparatus and computer program products for performing such methods are further provided.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display main body having a screen and a bezel that surrounds the screen, and a bezel hiding member mounted on the bezel to cover the bezel. The bezel hiding member includes a body portion configured to refract an image light that emitted from an edge region of the screen, and a plurality of prism projections formed to project from the body portion to change a path of the refracted image light to a front side of the display main body.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosed subject matter includes a method of reducing the laser absorption of a beam reverser prism consisting of at least one of the following: increasing a first distance between a first incident point and a chamfered corner, wherein the first incident point is on a first reflective surface of the prism and the chamfered corner is formed between the first reflective surface and a second reflective surface of the prism, wherein the chamfered corner has a chamfered surface; increasing a second distance between a second incident point and the chamfered corner, wherein the second incident point is on the second reflective surface of the prism; and increasing a reflectivity of the chamfered surface of the chamfered corner of the prism. A method of determining a prime cut for an optical component is also disclosed. A laser including at least one prime cut optical component is also disclosed.

Abstract: A prismatic glass laminate comprising: (a) a substrate; and (b) a plurality of prismatic glass elements mounted on said substrate, each element comprising: (i) a mounting surface to which a laminating interlayer is applied, said laminating interlayer providing adhesion of said element to the substrate; and (ii) a lateral surface to which a laminating interlayer is applied, said laminating interlayer providing adhesion of said element to the lateral surface of an adjacent element.

Abstract: An optical element includes a waveguide and a deflector. The waveguide propagates light incident at a predetermined angle while reflecting the light between the first plane and the second plane. The deflector is formed as a plate having a third plane being opposed to the first plane in the deflector, the first plane and the third plane are spaced apart from each other at a distance smaller than a propagation distance capable of propagating an evanescent wave of first light. The deflector has a plurality of reflecting surfaces arranged on the rear side of the third plane. The reflecting surfaces reflect the first light that has been incident on the first plane to be propagated as an evanescent wave, into a direction substantially perpendicular to the first plane. A medium interposed between the first plane and the third plane has a refractive index lower than that of the waveguide.

Abstract: An optical coupling lens includes an incident surface, a first total reflection surface, a second total reflection surface and an emergent surface orderly connected to each other end to end. The incident surface includes a first lens portion and a second lens portion thereon. The emergent surface includes a third lens portion thereon. The third lens portion is positioned adjacent to the second total reflection surface. The first lens portion converges incident light into a parallel light beam. The first total reflection surface reflects the light beam to an intersection between the second total reflection surface and the emergent surface. The third lens portion directs the portion of the light beam to an optical fiber. The second total reflection surface reflects the other portion of the light beam to the second lens portion. The second lens portion directs the other portion of the light beam to an optical detector.

Abstract: A reflective material of the present invention is made of an optical medium which transmits light, and has (i) a first plane which is a surface on which inclined planes are aligned with no gap therebetween and (ii) a second plane which is opposite to the first plane and is a flat surface, and has the first plane having a shape and a refractive index such that at any time, light having entered the first plane or the second plane enters, at an entrance angle equal to or larger than a critical angle of total internal reflection, a corresponding opposite one of the first plane and the second plane directly from an inside of the reflective material.

Abstract: An image display device capable of maintaining continuity of images of adjacent image display elements on a display screen that is composed of a plurality of image display element includes image display elements (1, 2) and a prism (3). The prism (3) is an L-shaped prism having two planar surfaces, and image display elements (1, 2,) are arranged on the portion of the prism that corresponds to the rear side as seen from the viewing direction (9). Image display elements (1, 2) are arranged such that the virtual images (5, 6) of the image display portions of each are optically continuously connected in the prism (3).

Abstract: An encoder system and method are provided, that is designed to improve 2D encoder systems and methods in areas such as accuracy, compactness, stability, resolution, and/or light efficiency. Moreover, the system and method of this invention provides a new concept in a retroreflector that while particularly useful in applicants' system and method, is believed to have more general utility in optical imaging systems and methods.

Abstract: A light dividing structure used in an optical machine system of a projection apparatus is provided. The light dividing structure includes a first prism, a second prism, a third prism and a fourth prism. The first prism includes a first exiting surface, a first reflecting surface, a first concave portion and a second concave portion. The second prism is disposed on the second concave portion and is adjacent to the first prism. The third prism includes a second exiting surface, a second reflecting surface, a third concave portion and a fourth concave portion. The fourth prism is disposed on the fourth concave portion and is adjacent to the third prism and the first prism. The first prism, the second prism, the third prism and the fourth prism are connected together sequentially.

Abstract: Two side-by-side optical paths transmit stereoscopic right side and left side images onto the surface of a single image sensing chip. The single image sensing chip may be placed at various orientations with respect to the lens trains in the optical paths. In some embodiments a single prism is used to turn the light for both the right side and left side images onto the single image sensing chip. In other embodiments one prism is used to turn the light for the right side image and another prism is used to turn the light for the left side image, and the reflective surfaces of the two prisms are substantially coplanar such that the right side and left side images are incident on the single image sensor chip.

Abstract: An objective lens assembly suitable for use in helmet-mounted applications. The objective lens assembly comprises two prisms that collectively are configured, oriented and bonded relative to each other to separate and allow simultaneous imaging of two separate spectral bands (such as VNIR and LWIR bands) received from the same object scene via a common window such that the object scene may be viewed from the same perspective without the effects of parallax.

Abstract: An optical guidance device for optical guidance of a light beam has a first part, in a transparent material, adapted for propagating the light beam by successive reflections. This first part comprises an extraction section comprising at least one microstructure comprising a plane surface adapted to enable the rays of the light beam striking the plane surface to emerge from the guidance device. The device also comprises a second part, in a material substantially identical to that of the first part, comprising a section comprising at least one microstructure with a shape complementary to that or those of the extraction section. The device also has a layer of adhesive assembling the first and second parts in such a way that any microstructure of the extraction section is separated from its complementary microstructure by a transparent medium of substantially constant thickness.

Abstract: A reflector array optical device includes two dihedral corner reflector array optical elements each having a substrate and a plurality of prism bodies arranged regularly on and each protruding from one main surface of the substrate. Each prism body includes at least two sides of orthogonal planes. The two optical elements are adhered so that top faces of the prism bodies are directly confronted respectively so as to make two coplanar planes in which the two orthogonal planes exist respectively.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provide for an optical microscope apparatus including a light source, a base unit, a rotary monochromatic dispersion unit, a condenser, a stage, an objective, a tubular assembly and an ocular assembly. In a preferred embodiment, light travels from the light source sequentially through each of these seven components, producing an image of the contents of a slide on the stage to a user looking through the ocular assembly. In the base unit, in place of a standard mirror which would direct the light vertically up into the scope along the z-axis, a right angle piece of single crystal Calcite, known as Iceland Spar is used, which has a birefringent affect upon the light as it passes up through the scope.

Abstract: An image display device capable of maintaining continuity of images of adjacent image display elements on a display screen that is composed of a plurality of image display element includes image display elements (1, 2) and a prism (3). The prism (3) is an L-shaped prism having two planar surfaces, and image display elements (1, 2) are arranged on the portion of the prism that corresponds to the rear side as seen from the viewing direction (9). Image display elements (1, 2) are arranged such that the virtual images (5, 6) of the image display portions of each are optically continuously connected in the prism (3).