Abstract: A mirror mount includes a one-piece molecularly continuous base member and a mirror arm. The mirror arm fastens a mirror to the base member. The base member may also have first and second ends, a side portion, and a reinforcement. The side portion extends between the first and second ends. The first end is generally vertical when the base member is affixed to a fender, and the first end receives a generally horizontal fastener that passes through the first end, through two portions of the fender, and into the base member so as to fasten the base member to the fender. The side portion has a contour that generally follows a profile of the fender. The reinforcement reinforces the first end.

Abstract: The present application provides a primary reflector in a solar collection system. The primary reflector includes a first reflective section that can reflect solar rays onto a first focal line, a second reflective section on the left side of the first reflective section, and a third reflective section on the right side of the first reflective section. The second reflective section can reflect solar rays to the right side of the first focal line. The third reflective section can reflect solar rays to the left side of the first focal line.

Abstract: A method of forming of biological sensing structures including a portion of a substrate is recessed to form a plurality of mesas in the substrate. Each of the plurality of mesas has a top surface and a sidewall surface. A first light reflecting layer is deposited over the top surface and the sidewall surface of each mesa. A filling material is formed over a first portion of the first light reflecting layer. A stop layer is deposited over the filling material and a second portion of the first light reflecting layer. A sacrificial layer is formed over the stop layer and is planarized exposing the stop layer. A first opening is formed in the stop layer and the first light reflecting layer. A second light reflecting layer is deposited over the first opening. A second opening is formed in the second light reflecting layer.

Abstract: An exterior rear view vision assembly (10) for a motor vehicle (1) with a blind spot indicator for visually alerting a driver (5) to the presence of an object (2) in the blind spot (3) of the motor vehicle (1). The mirror assembly (10) includes a first mirror surface (30) and a second mirror surface (32). The mirror assembly (10) further includes a transition surface (34) disposed between the first and second mirror surfaces (30, 32) for displaying a blind spot indicator to the driver (5) when an object (2) is detected in the vehicle's blind spot (3). The transition surface (34) for displaying the blind spot indicator is oriented generally towards the driver of the vehicle and away from other road users. Preferably, the transition surface (34) forms a discrete step or discontinuity between the first and second mirror surfaces (30, 32).

Abstract: An optical structure includes an array of mirrors disposed on a substrate. The mirrors are disposed over a surface of the substrate and oriented at a plurality of different oblique angles relative to the surface of the substrate. The substrate comprises a clear substrate to pass external light through interstitial gaps between the mirror structures such that the optical structure is partially transparent and partially reflective. The optical structure may optionally be illuminated with an image source that emits substantially a single light ray per pixel of the image source to provide an optical system.

Abstract: A reflective element assembly for a vehicular mirror assembly includes a front substrate, a rear substrate, an electro-optic medium disposed between the front and rear substrates and a transmission-reducing thin film coating established at the fourth surface of the rear substrate. A window is established through the transmission-reducing thin film coating and is substantially devoid of the thin film coating at a location where a sensor is disposed behind the reflective element and having a field of view through the reflective element and through the window. A portion of the transmission-reducing thin film coating at and around the window locally varies in physical thickness, with a minimum physical thickness of the thin film coating being closest to the window and with the physical thickness of the thin film coating generally increasing to a generally maximum physical thickness of the thin film coating at a distance from the window.

Abstract: An illumination assembly for a scanner according to one example embodiment includes a light source, a first reflector and a second reflector. The first reflector has a curved structure and is positioned directly in the optical path of the light source. The first reflector has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the first reflector is positioned to reflect light received from the light source toward a target area to be scanned. The second portion of the first reflector is positioned to reflect light received from the light source toward the second reflector. The second reflector is positioned to reflect light received from the first reflector toward the target area.

Abstract: A method for producing a multiple surface system that may be a two-mirror surface. The method involves first finding from a given primary curve an appropriate secondary curve. The method then uses ideas from exterior differential systems to grow from the primary curve and the secondary curve, primary and secondary mirror surfaces. The Cartan-Kähler theorem gives a strong indication of the existence of such solution surfaces.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes three reflecting mirrors having first to third reflection surfaces and is configured, such that in an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system using an optical axis at the center of the field of view as Z-axis, the optical axis at the center of the field of view and an optical axis of an image plane are in parallel to each other Assuming that along the path of the beam traveling along the optical axis at the center of the field of view a distance between the second reflection surface and the third reflection surface is L2, a distance between the third reflection surface and the image plane is L3 and fy1 and an equivalent F-number of the imaging optical system is represented as Fno, the relational expression 0.5<Fno(L2/L3)<1.3 is satisfied.

Abstract: A package structure and a solar cell with the same are provided. The package structure includes a transparent package bulk and at least one structure capable of changing a direction of light. The structure is disposed within the transparent package bulk and at a distance from a surface of the transparent package bulk. When applied to a solar cell, the package structure can reduce gridline shading.

Abstract: A side entry TEM holder incorporates a miniature tilted off axis elliptical mirror to collect cathodoluminescence from the specimen and couple it efficiently into a tilted fiber optic integrated into the holder. The design is compatible with the cryogenic operation of the holder. TEM specimens are partially transparent to the electron beam, and so light can be emitted above and below the specimen. The same principle of off-axis mirror and tilted fiber can be utilized to collect light from above and below the specimen yet fit into the very confined space required by insertion through the goniometer and for operation between narrow gap pole pieces. With a dual system, the emission of light from above the specimen can be compared to that from below thereby enhancing the versatility of the analytical technique.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus projects a pattern of an original onto a substrate by a projection optical system to expose the substrate, wherein the projection optical system includes a mirror assembly, and the mirror assembly includes a first mirror member which has a first reflecting surface and is configured to bend an optical axis of the projection optical system, a second mirror member which has a second reflecting surface and is configured to bend the optical axis, a supporting mechanism configured to support the first mirror member and the second mirror member, and the supporting mechanism is positioned to position the first mirror member and the second mirror member while a positional relationship between the first mirror member and the second mirror member is maintained.

Abstract: A door mirror includes a turn signal lamp for indicating a traveling direction; a foot lamp; and a housing that houses the turn signal lamp and the foot lamp, wherein the turn signal lamp and the foot lamp are provided in the housing such that the turn signal lamp and the foot lamp are provided with outer lenses lying adjacent to each other such that light based on a turning on of one lamp is guided to an outer lens of the other lamp.

Abstract: A multi facet mirror of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a plurality of mirror facet units. Each unit includes a mirror member with a body, a reflective coating provided at one end of the body and an actuating surface provided at an opposite end. The unit further includes a rest member on which the actuating surface rests while the mirror member is not moving, and an actuator that tilts the mirror member about a tilting axis. The actuator has a contact surface and a lifting member which moves the actuating surface along a lifting direction. In a first operating state of the lifting member the actuating surface rests on the rest member and in a second operating state on the contact surface. A displacement member displaces the contact surface along a lateral direction only while the lifting member is in the second operating state.

Abstract: An optical device has a reflecting mirror using a particle-dispersed silicon material including silicon carbide and silicon. The reflecting mirror includes a plurality of segments joined to each other by reaction sintering. Producing the segments is easy in comparison with that of a reflecting mirror of one piece. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce probability of breakage of the segments and to shorten process time of production of a reflecting mirror.

Abstract: An optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a multi facet mirror having a support plate and a plurality of mirror facets. Each mirror facet includes a mirror substrate and a reflective coating applied thereon, and is attached to the support plate. Actuators are provided that induce a deformation of the support plate. The deformation changes the orientation and/or position, but not the shape, of at least two mirror facets. In this way aberrations can be corrected.

Abstract: A vehicle simulation system equipped to display information on the rear side of a driver (rider). The simulation system includes a dummy bicycle operated by the rider, a monitor on the front side for displaying a scene based on the operations of the dummy bicycle, and a lamp unit connected to the dummy bicycle and provided on the rear side relative to the seated position of the rider. The lamp unit has a red lamp, a yellow lamp and a green lamp, and is controlledly turned ON under the action of a main control unit. An input device is provided on a steering handle of the dummy bicycle. The input device has a switch for red, a switch for yellow, and a switch for green. The rider checks behind, and operates the input device according to the ON/OFF conditions of the lamp unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mirror assembly for a vehicle that includes a cab provided with an operators seat. The mirror assembly is positioned in relation to the cab, whereby the mirror assembly is visible from the operators seat. The mirror assembly includes a housing, a rearward viewing mirror portion, and a forward viewing mirror portion. The housing is provided with an exterior shell surface and an inner shell surface, which defines a cavity. The rearward viewing mirror portion is at least partially received within the cavity of the housing. The forward viewing mirror portion is located on the exterior shell surface of the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical component (10), comprising a first spherical reflector (12) and a second spherical reflector (14), which is arranged in order to reflect a light beam several times between the first reflector (12) and the second reflector (14) and which spans an interior together with the first spherical reflector (12), wherein a coupling-in device is provided, which comprises a coupling-in reflector element (16) arranged within the interior, said coupling-in reflector element being arranged in order to reflect a light beam (24) to be coupled in onto the first spherical reflector (12).

Abstract: A viewing apparatus is provided including a cervical support for supporting a neck of a user while lying supine. A frame is removeably attached to the cervical support. The frame is adjustable relative to the cervical support. A pair of minors is coupled to the frame. Each of the minors is separately adjustable relative to the cervical support.

Abstract: An optical arrangement, e.g. a projection exposure apparatus (1) for EUV lithography, includes: a housing (2) enclosing an interior space (15); at least one, preferably reflective optical element (4-10, 12, 14.1-14.6) arranged in the housing (2); at least one vacuum generating unit (3) for the interior space (15) of the housing (2); and at least one vacuum housing (18, 18.1-18.10) arranged in the interior space (15) and enclosing at least the optical surface (17, 17.1, 17.2) of the optical element (4-10, 12, 14.1-14.5). A contamination reduction unit is associated with the vacuum housing (18.1-18.10) and reduces the partial pressure of contaminating substances, in particular of water and/or hydrocarbons, at least in close proximity to the optical surface (17, 17.1, 17.2) in relation to the partial pressure of the contaminating substances in the interior space (15).

Abstract: A rear under mirror that is placed near a top edge portion of a rear window glass on a vehicle compartment interior side thereof, the rear under mirror including: a reflecting mirror that reflects a lower area behind a vehicle towards a driver's seat, the reflecting mirror comprising a concavo-convex mirror having a mirror surface that is formed as a concave surface in a substantially vertical direction and as a convex surface in a substantially horizontal direction, the reflecting mirror having a radius of curvature of the convex surface in a substantially horizontal direction of the reflecting mirror in the bottom portion area is larger than that of the top portion area, the reflecting mirror having a trapezoidal shape whose bottom side is longer than top side when viewed from a front thereof.

Abstract: A system architecture for large concentrated solar power applications that increases heliostat utilization efficiency and land utilization efficiency is described. Embodiments of the invention include a large heliostat field in which are distributed a number of receiving locations, and wherein there is the assignment of heliostats to receiving locations is dynamic. Embodiments of the invention include dynamically targeting heliostats to receiving locations wherein the target determination process is performed frequently during operation and wherein such dynamic targeting can be utilized to various ends. Embodiments of the invention include configurations wherein cosine losses associated with heliostat pointing are significantly reduced, wherein heliostats may be closely packed without incurring substantial shadowing and blocking losses thereby significantly increasing land utilization, and wherein other benefits are realized.

Abstract: A multiple optical beam folding apparatus for directing optical energy includes two or more radiation collectors configured to direct radiant energy through two or more independent optical paths to a shared focal plan array (FPA). The radiation collectors may include one or more gas cells or vacuum cells. One or more of the two or more optical paths may include a Galilean telescope. First and second reflecting surfaces are positioned in each of the two or more independent optical paths. The first reflecting surfaces are distinct reflecting surfaces from the second reflecting surfaces and the first and second reflecting surfaces are configured to direct the radiant energy of their respective independent optical paths to the FPA. The two or more second reflecting surfaces may be distinct surfaces of a pyramidal mirror.

Abstract: A multi-reflection structure including a substrate and pyramid is provided. The substrate includes an inversed pyramid shaped recess having at least three first reflection sidewalls. The pyramid is disposed on the substrate and located in the inversed pyramid shaped recess. The pyramid has at least three second reflection sidewalls, wherein the normal of each of the second reflection sidewalls and the normal of each of the first reflection sidewalls are not located in the same plane. Furthermore, a photo-electric device is also provided in the present application.

Abstract: A method for designing microstructures for a light shaping reflector for use in a light field display is provided. A mathematical function is derived to reflect light uniformly from an incident light beam. Curved elements shaped by the mathematical function are combined to design the microstructures. The microstructures are formed in a reflective surface to provide the light shaping reflector for use in the light field display.

Abstract: A gore assembly is provided which is made from at least two metal panels. The metal panels comprise downturned flanges along opposing radial edges. The flanges point away from an A-surface of the gore assembly and face a B-surface. The panels are fastened to each other along the flanges on the radial edges. In addition, the gore assembly includes further metal reinforcement members fastened to the B-surface of the gore assembly to provide additional structural support to the gore assembly. Moreover, local attachment brackets can be fastened to the panel reinforcement members for further structural support and for mounting the gore assembly to a chassis.

Abstract: A method of concentrating directional radiant energy using reflective optics and receivers that convert that energy wherein the receivers are situated in the body of the reflector on risers parallel to the direction of radiant energy, each said riser bounded by at least one parabolic mirror lying closer and another lying farther from the energy source, where the focus or foci of said mirrors lie substantially in the direction faced by the receiver situated in said riser. The reflector geometries include ones in which the mirrors are parabolic cylinder sections and require only one-axis tracking to focus, and ones in which the mirrors are paraboloid sections and require two-axis tracking to focus sunlight.

Abstract: A method and a system for spectral calibration of a remote sensing sensor and a synthetic target having a tunable spectral composition are described. The system or synthetic target includes a plurality of reflective mirrors arranged to reflect radiation from a source of radiation onto a remotely located radiation sensor. A first mirror in the plurality of mirrors is configured to reflect a first portion of the radiation in a first wavelength toward the remotely located radiation sensor. A second mirror in the plurality of mirrors is configured to reflect a second portion of the radiation in a second wavelength different from the first wavelength toward the remotely located radiation sensor. The first portion of the radiation and the second portion of the radiation can be selected to calibrate the remotely located radiation sensor so as to provide a quantitative spectral relationship between the radiation detected at the remotely located sensor and the radiation reflected by the plurality of mirrors.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a sensor system including a first optical sub-system having a first plurality of optical elements, and a second optical sub-system having a second plurality of optical elements including a first mirror. The second optical sub-system is configured to rotate about a first axis relative to the first optical sub-system and the first mirror is configured to rotate about a second axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis. The first axis and the second axis are arranged so as not to intersect each other so as to maximize a field of regard of the sensor system.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for controlling the colors of reflected light out of a display surface in a display device, such that display discoloration (e.g., green tinting) may be reduced, particularly when the display is operating in bright ambient environments. In one embodiment, a display device may include a color filter black mask layer having an arrangement of red, green, and blue color filter areas, where the red and/or blue color filter areas are substantially greater than the green color filter area. In some embodiments, the display device may include red and blue color filter pigment resin areas which may be disposed over the reflective areas to increase the overall amount of red and blue light that will be generated by reflected light to result in a total light reflection that is substantially neutral in color.

Abstract: A lighting device includes: a light source which emits light around a light source axis; a reflector which has a plurality of reflection surfaces for reflecting light emitted from the light source; a plurality of converging units each of which is provided for the corresponding reflection surface of the plural reflection surfaces to receive light released from the corresponding reflection surface; and a stacking system which stacks light having passed the plural converging units on a light receiving area wherein each of the plural reflection surfaces is formed by a part of a spheroid having focuses at the position of the corresponding converging unit and the position of the light source, and each focal distance of the plural converging units becomes longer as the distance between the position of the converging unit and the light source axis increases.

Abstract: To improve luminance of a backlight, a white reflective film having a coating layer containing spherical particles on at least one side of a white film, in which an absolute value of refractive index difference between the spherical particles and a binder resin forming the coating layer is 0.10 or less, and the spherical particles are nonporous is provided.

Abstract: A surveying apparatus includes a support structure and a reflective surface mechanically coupled to the support structure. The reflective surface is configured to receive panoramic data over a 360° field of view. The surveying apparatus also includes an optical system mechanically coupled to the support structure and optically coupled to the reflective surface. The surveying apparatus further includes an imaging system mechanically coupled to the support structure and optically coupled to the optical system and a processor. The processor is configured to receive data from the imaging system and compute an angular measurement based on the received data.

Abstract: Viewing device comprised of two or more mirrors and an illumination component for self-viewing the anal-genital region while seated on a toilet bowl. The preferred embodiment comprises a forward mirror and a rear mirror positioned within a toilet bowl at angles with respect to each other, to the user's eye and to the user's anal-genital region such that when the user peers between slightly spread legs into the forward mirror an upward directed image of the user's anal-genital region is visible. The device preserves the region of the toilet bowl directly below the anal-genital region free of mirrors and all supportive apparatus.

Abstract: Alternative methods of designing, developing and manufacturing optical elements and assemblies are provided which enable improvements in effectiveness and efficiency. Subtractive processes using lasers or other tools are utilized to create embedded void spaces that provide reflecting walls within internally reflective optical elements. The designs have advantages in cost, reduced development time, and performance. Light from multiple light sources can be mixed and collimated. Some embodiments provide the ability to integrate a large number of internally reflective optics into a single component and very large components can be made. Embodiments of the invention are designed for manufacturing and can be made without molding tooling.

Abstract: A color printing paper includes a substrate having a printing region and a plurality of photonic crystal patterns formed on the printing region. The plurality of photonic crystal layer patterns have different respective optical reflection characteristics. The printing method includes selecting pixels including a plurality of photonic crystal layer patterns that express at least one of a red color, a green color, and a blue color, and changing optical reflection characteristics of at least a portion of the plurality of photonic crystal layer patterns of the selected pixels.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus and method for shaping a laser beam profile in which the apparatus includes a reformatting optical system configured to reformat a laser beam having a Gaussian intensity profile into a radiation beam having a top hat intensity profile; and a Fourier transforming optical system configured to transform the radiation beam having the top hat intensity profile into a radiation beam having a Bessel or sinc function intensity profile.

Abstract: The hybrid cool roof has a near horizontal solar reflecting surface, and a second esthetic surface, which is angled to the street view. The esthetic surface gives the hybrid cool roof the appearance of a conventional roof when viewed from street level, giving the roof a decorative appearance while having the cooling cost functionality of a conventional cool roof. At times when the sun angle is low in the sky, such as wintertime, the hybrid cool roof is able to absorb solar radiation, lowering heating costs. Thus, the hybrid cool roof has an ideal combination of the function and appearance of conventional cool roofs and traditional roofs, while mitigating the disadvantages of both.

Abstract: A new and useful optical system is provided, which is particularly useful as an optical relay for an aerial imaging system (AIS). The optical system preferably comprises a two element catadioptric lens where a beam transmitted by makes two reflections before leaving the first solid glass (catadioptric) element, then reflects off the second (mirror) element, makes a fourth reflection off the outside surface of the first element and then passes through a hole in the center of the second element. When the optical system is used as an AIS relay, it substantially captures the NA of the projection lens with which it is associated, and simplifies the structure of the AIS relay. In addition, the AIS relay is configured to minimize the affects of stray light.

Abstract: A scanning apparatus operable in the microwave, mm-wave, sub mm-wave (Terahertz) and infrared ranges comprises a primary drum (10) mounted for rotation about a central axis A of the primary drum being hollow and of rectangular polygonal form to provide a number of sides or facets (12, 14) each adapted to transmit such radiation, from a field of view, which is plane polarized in a first direction at 45° with respect to the rotary axis of the drum and to reflect radiation which is plane polarized in an orthogonal direction. Thus, radiation passing into the drum though whichever said side of the drum is currently facing the field of view and passing towards the diametrically opposite side will be plane polarized with a polarization direction such as to be reflected back by that diametrically opposite side towards the rotary axis of the drum.

Abstract: A mirror arrangement for a laser processing system includes a mirror configured to deflect laser radiation incident on the mirror arrangement onto a workpiece. The mirror arrangement includes first, second, and third mirror regions. A surface of the third mirror region is parallel to or recessed from a direction of propagation of the laser radiation incident on the mirror arrangement such that the third mirror region forms a shadow zone.

Abstract: An imaging optics includes a plurality of mirrors which reflect imaging light to image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. A mirror body of at least one of the mirrors has a through-opening for the imaging light to pass through. The through-opening has an internal region of a smallest opening width in the mirror body. The through-opening expands from the internal region towards both edge regions of the mirror body. A disturbing influence of unused light portions is reduced or eliminated completely.

Abstract: A multipurpose, lower extremity, examination stool, has at least one light set in integral cooperation with at least one mirror to facilitate an examination of a foot by a person, a clinician, or a doctor. The foot examination stool preferably has a top mirror and a slide mirror. The slide mirror is slidably mounted below the top mirror and has a set of lights, to illuminate both the slide mirror and the lower extremity being tested or examined. The top mirror is illuminated by two sets of lights hingedly or rotatably mounted adjacently thereto and perpendicular to the slide mirror.

Abstract: The present invention provides a side mirror system to offer drivers an unfettered view of their surroundings when blind side backing and parking. The M.R. Mirror Master comprises a shatterproof plastic or metal casing and is mounted to the driver and passenger side panel of the truck by means of two, heavy duty horizontal support arms positioned at the top and bottom of the mirror. The upper mirror is approximately twice as tall as the lower adjacent mirror. Perpendicularly attached to and running horizontally from the center to the base of the mirror casing is a third fully adjustable hinged mirror. This mirror is designed to provide a clear view around the truck's trailer when engaged in blind side parking.

Abstract: An optical system for shaping a laser beam is disclosed. The optical system includes an optical element with a base member having a lower base, an upper base, and a lateral surface. The lateral surface includes a transmitting surface for the laser beam, and the base member includes a first cutout portion having a lower base arranged in the upper base of the base member, and a lateral surface that has a first reflecting surface for the laser beam and generates an at least segmentally ring-shaped laser beam. The base member includes a second cutout portion having a lower base arranged in the lower base of the base member, an upper base that includes a transmitting surface for the laser beam, and a lateral surface abutting the lower and upper base. The lateral surface includes a second reflecting surface for the at least segmentally ring-shaped laser beam.

Abstract: An optical arrangement includes a multiplicity of optical elements and a carrier structure which carries the optical elements. The carrier structure is composed of at least two releasably interconnected modules. Each module is composed of at least one carrier structure subelement. A subhousing is produced by a multiplicity of carrier structure subelements and/or modules. The subhousing has a geometry that varies, at least in regions, in correspondence to a usable beam path in the projection exposure apparatus, the usable beam path being defined as an envelope of all light bundles which can propagate from all field points in a field plane to an image plane of the projection exposure apparatus. A projection exposure apparatus for EUV lithography includes such an optical arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for assembling a mirror plate stack 30 comprising a plurality of mirror plates 10 and a base plate 13 onto which the plurality of mirror plates are stacked. Additionally, the invention relates to a method for assembling two or more mirror plate stacks into a rigid unit.

Abstract: An array of two or more tunable electro-optical reflecting elements where the phase response of one or more elements may be adjusted by a variety of approaches including, but not limited to: a liquid crystal superstrate, schottky contact(s), ultra-violet radiation pulses, and illumination of photoconductive substrates. Methods and apparatus for direct and/or adaptive control of phase response via the above approaches are also discussed.

Abstract: A device, system and method integrating forward and panoramic fields is disclosed, comprising: a primary reflector, comprising a convex surface in relation to the forward field, reflective on at least part of the convex surface; a secondary reflector, forward of the primary reflector relative to the forward field, reflective on at least part a surface thereof facing rearward toward the primary reflector; a primary reflector hole in the primary reflector, substantially centered about an optical axis of the apparatus; and a secondary reflector hole in the secondary reflector, substantially centered about the optical axis.