Abstract: A liquid lens fluid composition includes a polyphenyl ether molecule having from 2 to 7 aromatic rings, where the rings include ortho substitutions, meta substitutions, or a combination of ortho, meta, and para substitutions. Inter-ring linkages may include sulfur or oxygen. The liquid lens fluid composition may be characterized by a refractive index over the visible spectrum of at least 1.4, a viscosity at room temperature of less than approximately 1000 cP, and a freezing point of less than approximately ?10° C.

Abstract: The glass sheet composite of the present invention includes at least two sheets, a liquid layer held between two adjacent sheets of the at least two sheets, and a seal material disposed between the two sheets so as to seal up the liquid layer, in which at least one of the two sheets is a glass sheet, the glass sheet composite including a light-shielding part disposed so as to overlay a boundary between the liquid layer and the seal material when the glass sheet composite is viewed in a plan view. Because of this, the boundary can be concealed, and this not only results in an improvement in designability and a wider choice of materials for the liquid layer and the seal material.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a dye sensitized solar cell has a counter-electrode including carbon-titania nanocomposite thin films made by forming a carbon-based ink; forming a titania (TiO2) solution; blade-coating a mechanical mixture of the carbon-based ink and the titania solution onto a substrate; and annealing the blade-coated substrate at a first temperature for a first period of time to obtain the carbon-based titania nanocomposite thin films. In certain embodiments, the carbon-based titania nanocomposite thin films may include solvent-exfoliated graphene titania (SEG-TiO2) nanocomposite thin films, or single walled carbon nanotube titania (SWCNT-TiO2) nanocomposite thin films.

Abstract: The invention relates to crop netting materials, crop cover materials, and ground cover materials for agricultural applications, which is knitted, woven or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape or combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape, transmit solar radiation in the visible wavelength range of about 420 to 720 nm at a level similar to the level that the materials transmit solar radiation in the infra-red wavelength ranges of about 700 to about 1000 nm and 1500 to about 1600 nm. The materials also absorb solar radiation in the UV wavelength range of about 300 to about 380 nm.

Abstract: A light source for an imaging system. The light source includes a microresonator laser array having opposing mirrors arranged substantially parallel to one another. A laser gain medium is between the opposing mirrors. An array of microrefractive elements is arranged to stabilize the microresonator. A pump laser's output is shaped by a lens that directs it toward the micro-resonator laser array. An output lens directs a plurality of laser beams from the microresonator laser array to be incoherently combined at an object to be illuminated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an inkjet printing film-forming method. The method comprises following steps: forming liquid droplets of ink on a substrate by inkjet printing; and drying the liquid droplets of ink on the substrate while the substrate is spun, so that the liquid droplets of ink is allowed to form a film. The present disclosure further provides a production method of an organic light-emitting device, an organic light-emitting device, and a display apparatus.

Abstract: A window insulation system includes a window installed in a wall of a house. The window includes an enclosed space defined between first and second window panes, and at least one opening located on a side of the enclosed space. An insulating material reservoir is adapted to store insulating material, and is coupled to the opening by one or more pipes. A pump system causes a first flow of air through the pipes, causing the insulating material to flow from the insulating material reservoir into the enclosed space, filling the enclosed space with insulating material. A second flow of air causes the insulating material to flow from the enclosed space to the insulating material reservoir, emptying the enclosed space of the insulating material.

Abstract: A device for adaptable wavelength conversion and a device for energy conversion are described. The device for adaptable wavelength conversion comprises at least one layer comprising a wavelength converting material and arranged to receive and re-emit a light beam. The device is further arranged to manipulate the at least one layer to operate in a closed state, in which a surface of the at least one layer is substantially covered with the wavelength converting material and to operate in an open state, in which the surface of the at least one layer is substantially uncovered with the wavelength converting material. The device for adaptable wavelength conversion can be applied in combination with a solar cell or photovoltaic cell thereby enabling the solar cell to receive radiation having a suitable spectrum under varying lighting conditions.

Abstract: A color filter for a display includes a transparent substrate, an image reception layer formed on one or more surfaces of the transparent substrate and including a synthetic resin, and a color layer including a color ink printed on the image reception layer. The color ink includes 70% or more of a solvent, the solvent has a boiling point of 150° C. or more, and the image reception layer has a solubility of 0.5-5% with respect to the solvent.

Abstract: An embodiment is a display unit. The display unit includes a substrate layer, a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, and a transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid. The layer of colored fluid has a thickness and a color. The transparent actuator element modulates the thickness of the colored fluid upon activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa. The modulated thickness provides a variable optical density of the colored fluid.

Abstract: An embodiment is a display unit. The display unit includes a substrate layer, a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, and a transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid. The layer of colored fluid has a thickness and a color. The transparent actuator element modulates the thickness of the colored fluid upon activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa. The modulated thickness provides a variable optical density of the colored fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate for a display device, wherein generation of a region which is not filled with the components of a liquid material is suppressed by simple processes during the formation of color layers by a coating method such as an inkjet method using the liquid material, thereby achieving good display quality. Also disclosed are a method for manufacturing the substrate for a display device, and a display device. The substrate for a display device comprises, on a principal surface thereof, banks formed of a resin material, and color layers arranged in a plurality of pixel regions surrounded by the banks. The color layers are formed of the liquid material, and the bank is provided with an impregnated region containing the components of the liquid material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for absorbing solar energy and, simultaneously having a continuous control of the light admission making it possible to install the device in external openings of buildings and equipment, such as windows, shutters or skylights. The system comprises two frames which support plates of transparent material, between which it is possible to introduce a colourful solution coming from an external reservoir. Both frames are interconnected through a flexible membrane which allows the plates to be pushed against each other, making the window transparent, or pushed away interposing the colourful solution, which will make the window uniform and gradually translucent or opaque. The said liquid comes from a reservoir and the access to the gap between the plates through is obtained by means of a channel that separates the two frames, allowing the liquid to flow evenly into the whole surface, thus being a homogenous and adjustable darkening obtainable.

Abstract: Window tinting systems provides a vehicle window tint control within the interior of a vehicle permitting a driver and/or passenger to adjust the level of tint of the vehicle window. The system may generally comprise an integrally wired photochromic component, a wiring assembly, a driver's control panel, and at least one passenger's controller. A specialty film may be coupled to the vehicle window and may serve to control the amount of sun light penetrating the vehicle window. The driver's control panel and passenger's control panel may adjustably control the tint level of the vehicle window.

Abstract: An embodiment is a display unit. The display unit includes a substrate layer, a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, and a transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid. The layer of colored fluid has a thickness and a color. The transparent actuator element modulates the thickness of the colored fluid upon activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa. The modulated thickness provides a variable optical density of the colored fluid.

Abstract: Polymers that undergo a reversible phase change in response to being exposed to a light from a laser having a radiation pressure greater than a threshold level. The phase changeable polymers have the ability to reduce the intensity of the laser and can advantageously scatter laser light incident on the polymers. The on-off response of such polymers is in the microsecond range and the light scattering property is independent of laser wavelength. The polymers can beneficially be incorporated into devices to protect human vision and optical instruments that are vulnerable to lasers at high intensities. Methods for making and using such devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an irradiation device having a radiation source and a filter which is arranged in the optical path and has two transparent filter disks which are substantially arranged in parallel with each other and which are held with their surrounding edges in a frame made of a material of good heat conduction, the filter disks and the frame defining a closed cavity which has provided therein a medium which selectively influences the radiation spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention in one aspect relates to a low-cost, nano-graphene based broadband optical limiter with limiting properties superior to current standards, carbon fullerenes (C60) solutions and carbon black suspensions. The broadband optical limiter includes a plurality of graphene nano-sheets, and a base material in which the plurality of graphene nano-sheets is distributed. The base material can be liquid or gel matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate for a display device, wherein generation of a region which is not filled with the components of a liquid material is suppressed by simple processes during the formation of color layers by a coating method such as an inkjet method using the liquid material, thereby achieving good display quality. Also disclosed are a method for manufacturing the substrate for a display device, and a display device. The substrate for a display device comprises, on a principal surface thereof, banks formed of a resin material, and color layers arranged in a plurality of pixel regions surrounded by the banks. The color layers are formed of the liquid material, and the bank is provided with an impregnated region containing the components of the liquid material.

Abstract: Fluidic adaptive lens devices, and systems employing such lens devices, along with methods of fabricating and operating such lens devices, are disclosed. In one embodiment, a lens material is optimally selected to provide one or more desired characteristics for a variety of applications related to adaptive lens devices. In another embodiment, a fluidic medium is optimally chosen to provide one or more desired characteristics for a variety of applications related to adaptive lens devices.

Abstract: A device for adaptable wavelength conversion and a device for energy conversion are described. The device for adaptable wavelength conversion comprises at least one layer comprising a wavelength converting material and arranged to receive and re-emit a light beam. The device is further arranged to manipulate the at least one layer to operate in a closed state, in which a surface of the at least one layer is substantially covered with the wavelength converting material and to operate in an open state, in which the surface of the at least one layer is substantially uncovered with the wavelength converting material. The device for adaptable wavelength conversion can be applied in combination with a solar cell or photovoltaic cell thereby enabling the solar cell to receive radiation having a suitable spectrum under varying lighting conditions.

Abstract: The present invention in one aspect relates to a low-cost, nano-graphene based broadband optical limiter with limiting properties superior to current standards, carbon fullerenes (C60) solutions and carbon black suspensions. The broadband optical limiter includes a plurality of graphene nano-sheets, and a base material in which the plurality of graphene nano-sheets is distributed. The base material can be liquid or gel matrix.

Abstract: This invention relates to display apparatuses having an array of light modulators for transmissively displaying an image and a reflective aperture layer defining a plurality of apertures, for reflecting light not passing through apertures in the reflective aperture layer away from the array. The reflective aperture layer is formed on a first substrate and positioned adjacent the array. The image is formed by modulating light passing through the apertures in the reflective aperture layer. A light guide, separated from the first substrate by a gap, may guide light towards the reflective aperture layer. A layer of low-refractive index material may be positioned on a side of the reflective aperture layer opposite the array.

Abstract: A display panel includes; a substrate, and a light blocking structure surrounding an ink filling region on the substrate, the light blocking structure including; a first layer pattern having an ink affinity characteristic disposed on the substrate, and a second layer pattern positioned on the first layer pattern and including an organic material having a light blocking characteristic.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for the suppression of unwanted spectral components (‘out-of-band’ radiation, as it is called) in a plasma-based radiation source. The object of the invention is to find a novel possibility for the suppression of unwanted spectral components in radiation exiting from a plasma-based EUV radiation source which permits a simple suppression of out-of-band radiation outside the desired EUV range without requiring costly manufacturing and adjustment of diffraction gratings. This object is met according to the invention in that a filter unit is provided between the plasma and an application location of the EUV radiation, which filter unit has at least one gas curtain comprising at least one rapidly flowing gas whose molecules have no absorption maxima for the desired EUV radiation and intensive absorption maxima for other, unwanted wavelengths that are emitted, at least in the IR region.

Abstract: The surface of the color-changing object is composed of one or more display reservoirs capable of containing a fluid or granular solid. At least a portion of each reservoir is transparent or translucent. Each reservoir is connected to one or more color-storage capsules containing fluid or granular solid. To change the color of the object, a fluid or granular solid is caused to flow from a capsule(s) into a reservoir(s). The fluid or granular solid will then be visible through the transparent or translucent portion(s) of the reservoir(s), thereby changing the color of the obiect.

Abstract: An embodiment is a display unit. The display unit includes a substrate layer, a layer of colored fluid on the substrate layer, and a transparent actuator element on the layer of the colored fluid. The layer of colored fluid has a thickness and a color. The transparent actuator element modulates the thickness of the colored fluid upon activated by a force such that the colored fluid is changed from a first state to a second state or vice versa. The modulated thickness provides a variable optical density of the colored fluid.

Abstract: Spectral-purity filters (SPFS) are disclosed that produce a stream of “SPF gas” through which a beam of light, particularly a beam including extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light, is allowed to pass. The SPF can be located in a system that receives a beam of EUV-containing light from a source and delivers the beam to a downstream EUV-optical system, wherein the beam from the source passes through the SPF to the optical system. The gaseous SPF is formulated and configured to enrich the beam in at least one EUV wavelength as the beam passes through the gaseous SPF. For enrichment of EUV wavelengths, an exemplary SPF gas is ZrCl4. The stream of SPF gas can be sheathed in an inert “sheath gas.” The gaseous SPF is usable in a vacuum environment, in which used SPF gas, and sheath gas if used, is collected.

Abstract: A visor that is especially useful for motorcycle riders and especially for off-road motorcycle racing. The visor has a sun shade member and a mirror. The mirror is affixed to an under surface of the sun shade member. The mirror has a continuous convex surface with a curvature that is free of discontinuations and step changes. The mirror is spaced an effective distance from the user's eyes and has a lateral span and a longitudinal span that are large enough so that the helmet wearer can simultaneously see approximately the same field of view to a side and rear with each eye by a slight turn and tilt of the user's head while an unobstructed line of sight in the direction of travel is retained. The invention also includes a mirror that can be retrofitted to various sun shade members and a kit for retrofitting the mirror in existing sun shade members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light-controlling element comprising a polymer gel composition layer containing: a holding member; liquid held by the holding member; and a stimulus-responsive polymer gel which is held by the holding member and which changes in volume by absorbing or discharging the liquid due to an external stimulus, wherein the stimulus-responsive polymer gel is arranged in a single layer in the holding member, and also relates to a method for manufacturing the element. The polymer gel composition layer can be provided with a substrate on one side or both sides thereof, and further can be provided with a stimulus providing member.

Abstract: Use in optical systems as liquids to transmit light at wave lengths lower than 250 nm, in particular at 157 nm, of perfluoropolyethers having the following formula: X1—O(CF2O)n(CF2CF2O)m(CF2CF2CF2O)p(CF2CF2CF2CF2O)q—X2??(I) wherein: the repeating units —CF2O—, —CF2CF2O—, —CF2CF2CF2O—, —CF2CF2CF2CF2O— are statistically distributed along the chain; —X1 and —X2 are perfluoroalkyl chain end groups equal to or different from each other, having formula —(CF2)zCF3 wherein z is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; n, m, p, q are 0 or integers comprised between 1 and 100, with the proviso that: at least one among n, m, p and q is different from zero; the ratio between the oxygen atoms and the carbon atoms (O/C) is higher than 0.33; wherein the chlorine atoms, determined by 19F-NMR are substantially absent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protective device for sensitive infrared sensors as Forward Looking Infrared imagers (FLIRs). A prior device using materials with higher order susceptibilities to electric polarization, which provides protection against extremely intense radiation from high-power lasers is combined with a low energy optical power limiters such as the chalcogenide glass and the vanadium dioxide which respond reversibly to infrared radiation.

Abstract: A light-filtering element for a display device is provided. The element includes at least one filter having a chamber with a filtering fluid, the filtering fluid selectively disposed in an optical path, and a liquid motion actuator selectively configured to move the filtering fluid substantially into and out of the optical path.

Abstract: A filter for a display system is provided which includes a fluid chamber having a selectively moveable filtering fluid, plural electrodes being coupled with the fluid chamber to accommodate establishment of an electric field whereby the filtering fluid may be selectively positioned in an optical path.

Abstract: A light-filtering element for a display device is provided. The element includes at least one filter having a chamber with a filtering fluid, the filtering fluid selectively disposed in an optical path, and a liquid motion actuator selectively configured to move the filtering fluid substantially into and out of the optical path.

Abstract: A filter for a display system is provided which includes a fluid chamber having a selectively moveable filtering fluid, plural electrodes being coupled with the fluid chamber to accommodate establishment of an electric field whereby the filtering fluid may be selectively positioned in an optical path.

Abstract: A selectively light-absorptive material for a color display, comprising a tetrazaporphyrine derivative having the formula: where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; an unsubstituted phenyl group, an alkyl group; an alkoxy group; a nitro group; halogen atoms; a halide; a cyano group; an alkylamino group; an aminoalkyl group; and a phenyl group having a substitutent selected from an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, halogen atoms, a halide, an alkylamino group, an aminoalkyl group and a cyano group, or two neighboring substituents among R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are fused and substituted with 1 to 3 aromatic cyclic compounds, and unsubstituted groups among R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an allyl group, halogen atoms, a halide, a cyano group and a nitro group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projection display device having an illumination system comprising a light source and an optical system for providing an illumination beam. The projection display device is further provided with an image display system for modulating the illumination beam with image information and projecting an image on a screen. In order to filter ultra-violet and infra-red radiation from the light source, a filter means is present which transmit visible light. Cooling means comprising a cooling liquid are present for cooling the filter means. In the projection display device, the filter means comprises the cooling liquid which contains a radiation-absorbent additive for absorbing the ultra-violet and infra-red radiation.

Abstract: A filter for a display system is provided which includes a fluid chamber having a selectively moveable filtering fluid, plural electrodes being coupled with the fluid chamber to accommodate establishment of an electric field whereby the filtering fluid may be selectively positioned in an optical path.

Abstract: A double glass system is disclosed in which not only the sunbeams are completely shielded, but also the firefighting is made easier at a fire accident. An incombustible or combustion-resistant liquid with a pigment added therein is used as the solution to be supplied into the double glass. Thus the double glass can shield the sight and the sunbeams, and can serve as a compartment wall, while it is helpful to firefighting at a fire accident, because the solution generates a fire-suppressing gas upon being burned. Thus the functions of the double glass are diversified. Further, an opaque liquid such as mercury is used in place of the solution, so that a sunbeam-shielding effect, a sight blocking effect (to the required degree) and a mirror effect can be obtained. Mercury is supplied into double glass by expanding the mercury and the air by heating them, and therefore, a driving means such as pump is not required.

Abstract: A plurality of filter members on which filter films with good characteristics are formed in a more or less circular arc form pattern are obtained by producing a filter member in which all of an annular filter film with good characteristics is formed on the surface of a single glass substrate, and then cutting this filter member through the center of the annular shape of the filter film. A plurality of small filter member pieces 140, 140, . . . are obtained by cutting the filter members obtained by the above-mentioned division in the direction perpendicular to the chords of the circular arcs; then, the small filter member pieces are rearranged so that the filter films 120a, 120a, . . . with good characteristics on the small filter member pieces are lined up in a more or less rectilinear pattern. The desired filter chips are then obtained by cutting these rearranged small filter member pieces in the direction perpendicular to the initial cutting direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer compositions which enable thermooptic control of signal attenuation in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and devices incorporating such compositions. The compositions are derived from polymer mixtures which exhibit a cloud point phase transition at a temperature in the range of a thermooptically controlled device such as a programmable waveguide attenuator, a programmable neutral density filter, or an optically absorbent switch. An especially preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a mixture of a high molecular weight chlorotrifluoroethylene fluid and a wax with an “ON-state” insertion loss of below 0.1 dB/cm and an extinction ratio of 22 dB/cm in the 1550 nm NIR telecommunication band.

Abstract: The present invention is related to photonic crystal devices that comprise novel mesoscopic periodic materials which comprise polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays (CCA) and at least one photosensitive component. Preferably, the photosensitive component is a photochromic molecule and more preferably the component is an azobenzene derivative. Methods for making these devices are also disclosed. The devices of the present invention are useful in many applications including, for example, optical switches, display devices and memory storage devices. The devices of the present invention permit the possibility to write with ultraviolet light and erase with visible light. In addition, the present invention is related to a functionalized polymerized crystalline colloidal array which preferably comprises reactive epoxide groups. The present invention is further directed to a photosensitive polymerized crystalline colloidal array.

Abstract: A perfluoropolyether (PFPE) index matching medium. The medium may be used with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength below 220 nm. The medium may be used between two optical surfaces or between an optical surface and an object. The medium may be used as an immersion fluid in an immersion lithographic system.

Abstract: An emergency supplementary vision device comprises a collapsible tube made of airtight material and having an expanded form and a compact stowed form; first and second clear members disposed at respective first and second ends of the tube to enable the user to see through said tube and observe a source of information at the other end while smoke or other particulate matter is in the environment; and a filter operably associated with the tube to filter the ambient atmosphere and fill the interior of said tube with clear air when said tube is expanded to its expanded form.

Abstract: A passive optical limiter for protecting a light-sensitive object from damage due to an incident light beam above a first predetermined value of light intensity is disclosed.

Abstract: A filter for absorbing electromagnetic radiation which is used in heating a welding zone wherein a first part is joined to a second part. The filter includes a filter housing which contains a chamber within which a fluid is placed. The fluid absorbs undesired wavelengths of radiation from a heating source before the radiation reaches the welding zone. A heat exchanger may be connected to the filter in order to cool the fluid during the filtering process.

Abstract: A liquid immersion oil which is used in optical systems in any of the fields of microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, optical measurements and other related fields includes a liquid polyolefine or a liquid copolymer of butylene (&agr;-butylene, &bgr;-butylene) and another olefine, blended with an aromatic compound, or blended with an aromatic compound and a paraffin compound.

Abstract: Devices that comprise novel, mesoscopically periodic materials that combine crystalline colloidal array (CCA) self-assembly with the temperature induced volume phase transitions of various materials, preferably poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are disclosed. In one embodiment, a PNIPAM CCA is formed in an aqueous media and contained within cell means. In another embodiment, a CCA of charged particles is formed and polymerized in a PNIPAM hydrogel. Methods for making these devices are also disclosed. The devices of the present invention are useful in many applications including, for example, optical switches, optical limiters, optical filters, display devices and processing elements. The devices are further useful as membrane filters. All of these devices have the feature of being tunable in response to temperature. Devices that change diffracted wavelength in response to pressure are also disclosed.

Abstract: A solar blind optical filter which absorbs solar UV radiation and transmits non-solar UV radiation includes a carrier material and a salt of a dithioic acid of the formula RCS.sub.2.sup.- X.sup.+ wherein R is an a organic substituent that does not absorb ultraviolet light at wavelengths between 260 nanometers and 300 nanometers and X is a counterion. The solar blind optical filters of the present invention are useful for observing non-solar ultraviolet radiation in the presence of solar radiation.