Abstract: An energization control unit is configured to perform a constant current control by repeatedly switching between an on-state and an off-state of at least one upstream switch provided in an energization path of a coil of a fuel injection valve to control opening of the fuel injection valve in a drive period in which the coil is energized to drive the fuel injection valve. A current detection unit is configured to detect a coil current flowing through the coil. A valve-opening detection unit is configured to detect valve-opening timing of the fuel injection valve based on a change in at least one frequency spectrum of the coil current in a constant current control period in which the constant current control is performed. A valve-opening correction unit is configured to correct valve opening of the fuel injection valve based on a detection result of the valve-opening detection unit.

Abstract: A device includes an armature, a coil, and a circuit. The armature is configured to move between a close position that electrically couples the armature to a contact and an open position that is not electrically coupled to the contact. The coil is configured to release a voltage configured to de-magnetize the coil, thereby causing the armature to move from the close position to the open position. The circuit is configured to provide reverse driving current to the coil during a period of time when the armature moves from the close position to the open position.

Abstract: A vehicle interior component is disclosed. The component may comprise a cover movable relative to a base between closed and open positions and a latch mechanism comprising a magnet arrangement for movement within the cover for engaged and disengaged states. The magnet arrangement may maintain the disengaged state after the cover is released from the base. A magnet of the base may retain the engaged state, a magnet may retain the disengaged state. The magnet arrangement may be concealed within the cover; a magnet arrangement may be concealed within the base. The base may comprise a first magnet on a sidewall and a second magnet on another sidewall; the cover may comprise a first magnet to engage the first magnet of the base and a second magnet to engage the second magnet of the base. The component may comprise a trim component, console, floor console, center console, or compartment.

Abstract: Illustrative examples include a system for coupling a first electronic device to a second electronic device. The first electronic device may include a housing having a first engagement surface and a first magnet array. The first engagement surface may be adapted to receive the second electronic device. The second electronic device may include a second magnet array. An actuator coupled to the first magnet array may move the first magnet array relative to the housing and the second magnetic array, to attractively couple or repulsively de-couple the second electronic device from the first electronic device.

Abstract: A stylus and/or a host device can be provided with components to mitigate and/or avoid damage to the stylus and/or the host device when dropped. Such components can cause the stylus and the electronic device to separate when drop motion is detected. Such separation can reduce and/or prevent damage that would have otherwise occurred if the stylus and the electronic device remained coupled together during impact. Examples of coupling and detachment mechanisms include magnetic and mechanical components.

Abstract: A display device includes a first display and a second display. The first display includes a first body and a first magnet disposed in the first body. The first body has a first side and a slot located at the first side. The first magnet is disposed corresponding to the slot, and the first magnet is adjacent to the first side. The second display is detachably mounted to the first display. The second display includes a second body and a magnetic hook. The second body has a second side and a recess located at the second side, and the magnetic hook is movably disposed in recess. The first side of the first body abuts against the second side of the second body, and the slot is aligned to the recess. The magnetic hook is driven by a magnetic force of the first magnet to be engaged with the slot.

Abstract: A display positioning assembly comprises a base portion and a display portion. The base portion comprises a base ferromagnetic component moveably retained within the base portion. The display portion comprises a display ferromagnetic component. The display portion is moveably coupled to the base portion. One or both of the base ferromagnetic component and display ferromagnetic component is a magnet.

Abstract: A housing member and a flexible display device including the same are provided. A display panel includes a bending portion and non-bending portions provided on both sides of the bending portion; a body portion disposed under the display panel and includes a first frame and a second frame opposite to each other; and a connection portion connecting the first frame and the second frame to each other and defining a bending axis, the first frame and the second frame include facing surfaces including magnetic areas and a nonmagnetic area, the magnetic areas are spaced apart from each other by the nonmagnetic area, and two magnetic areas of the magnetic areas are disposed in the first frame and the second frame, respectively, and face each other, and have opposite polarities that attract the two magnetic areas.

Abstract: A switchable permanent magnetic unit is disclosed. The unit comprises: a housing, first and second permanent magnets, and a conductive coil. The first magnet is mounted within the housing and the second magnet is rotatable between first and second positions and mounted within the housing in a stacked relationship with the first magnet. The unit generates a first level of magnetic flux at a workpiece contact interface when the second magnet is in the first position and a second level of magnetic flux at the interface when the second magnet is in the second position, the second level being greater than the first level. The conductive coil is arranged about the second magnet and generates a magnetic field. A component of the conductive coil's magnetic field is directed from S to N along the second magnet's N-S pole pair when the second magnet is in the first position.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an adsorption bar, a vacuum aligner system, and a control method of the vacuum aligner system. The adsorption bar includes an electromagnetic component and an adsorption member. The electromagnetic component includes a slide bar, a coil and a movable part. The coil is fixedly arranged on the slide bar. The movable part includes an elastic element and a magnet. One end of the elastic element is a fixed end which is fixedly connected to the slide bar, and the other end thereof is a free end which is connected to the magnet. The adsorption member is fixedly connected to the magnet and is exposed at one end, of the magnet, away from the coil. Current is applied to the coil to generate a magnetic field. The magnet longitudinally slides along the slide bar under a repulsive force of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A foldable terminal includes: a first body, a second body, and a rotating shaft connecting the first body and the second body; a flexible display fixed to one side of the main body; and at least one set of first magnetic components including a first magnet and a second magnet that are attracted to each other. The first magnet is disposed at a side of the first body distal from the rotating shaft, and the second magnet is disposed on a side of the second body distal from the rotating shaft. When an angle between the first body and the second body is less than a threshold, an attraction force between the first magnet and the second magnet controls the flexible display to switch from a half-folded state to the folded state.

Abstract: Illustrative examples include a system for coupling a first electronic device to a second electronic device. The first electronic device may include a housing having a first engagement surface and a first magnet array. The first engagement surface may be adapted to receive the second electronic device. The second electronic device may include a second magnet array. An actuator coupled to the first magnet array may move the first magnet array relative to the housing and the second magnetic array, to attractively couple or repulsively de-couple the second electronic device from the first electronic device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a foldable terminal including a body, a magnetic attraction assembly and a magnetic buffer assembly. The body includes an upper part, a bending part and a lower part. The upper part is coupled with the bending part. The bending part is coupled with the lower part. When an included angle between the upper part and the lower part is 0 degree, the magnetic attraction assembly attracts. When the included angle between the upper part and the lower part is greater than or less than 180 degrees, members of the magnetic buffer assembly repel each other. The present disclosure further relates to another two kinds of foldable terminals.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a foldable terminal including a body, a magnetic attraction assembly and a magnetic buffer assembly. The body includes an upper part, a bending part and a lower part. The upper part is coupled with the bending part. The bending part is coupled with the lower part. When an included angle between the upper part and the lower part is 0 degree, the magnetic attraction assembly attracts. When the included angle between the upper part and the lower part is greater than or less than 180 degrees, members of the magnetic buffer assembly repel each other. The present disclosure further relates to another two kinds of foldable terminals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for active pop-up finger access in a portable information handling system. The portable system may include a housing having a first housing portion and a second housing portion rotationally coupled by a hinge. The first housing portion may include an electromagnet disposed proximate a front portion of the first housing portion. The second housing portion may include a finger access feature proximate a front portion of the second housing portion and a second magnet disposed proximate the front portion of the second housing portion. The processor may, when a sensor detects a finger of a user proximate the finger access feature, activate the electromagnet to create a magnetic repulsion force with the first magnet. The magnetic repulsion force may cause the portable information handling system to move from a closed position to a finger access open position.

Abstract: A portable electronic device including a body, a stand, and first and second magnetic assemblies is provided. The stand is pivoted to the body to rotate and being opened or closed relative to the body. The first magnetic assembly having a first magnetic dipole is movably disposed in the body. The second magnetic assembly having a second magnetic dipole is disposed on the stand. When the stand is closed to the body, the first and second magnetic dipoles correspond to each other, and produce a first and second corresponding states. In the first corresponding state, magnetic poles with opposite polarities of the first and second magnetic dipoles correspond to and attract each other. In the second corresponding state, magnetic poles with the same polarity of the first and second magnetic dipoles correspond to and repel each other, and the stand is spread relative to the body due to the repulsion.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display module, a movable member, a base, and a biasing element. The display module has a housing and a guiding member fixed thereto. The guiding member has an angled surface, and the housing has an opening. The movable member is disposed in the display module and has a through hole. The biasing element is disposed in the through hole and adjacent to the angled surface. The base has a main body and a connecting member, wherein the connecting member is connected to the main body and detachably connected to the display module. When the connecting member is inserted into the display module through the opening along a first direction, the connecting member pushes the movable member to move along a second direction with respect to the housing, and the movable member forces the biasing element to contact the connecting member.

Abstract: A portable electronic device utilizes a control unit for controlling a power unit to provide electricity for an electromagnetic component to generate a first active magnetic property for magnetically repulsing or magnetically attracting a moving magnetic component with a first magnetic property, so as to drive the moving magnetic component to move to a first position when the control unit determines an included angle between a first module and a second module is greater than a predetermined angle. When the moving magnetic component is located at the first position, a pivoting mechanism disposed between a supporting frame and the second module drives the supporting frame to pivotally unfold relative to the second module, so as to support the second module on a supporting surface, which prevents the second module from falling.

Abstract: A flexible display includes a flexible substrate, a metal material coupled to the flexible substrate, and at least one electromagnet coupled to the flexible substrate. The electromagnet generates a force to attract the metal material when the flexible substrate changes from a first state to a second state. The force assists in holding the flexible substrate in the second state, which may be a rolled state, folded state, or another changed state. The flexible substrate includes a display area corresponding to a plurality of pixels for generating an image.

Abstract: An auxiliary opening and closing mechanism includes a moving magnetic component, an electromagnetic component, a fixing magnetic component, a detecting unit, a power unit, and a control unit. The electromagnetic component and the moving magnetic component are disposed in one of a display module and a host module of a portable electronic device. The fixing magnetic component is disposed in the other one of the display module and the host module. The detecting unit is for detecting a disposing angle of the portable electronic device. The control unit controls the power unit to provide a current for the electromagnetic component according to the disposing angle, so that the electromagnetic component drives the moving magnetic component to move to a first position for generating a magnetic attracting force between the moving magnetic component and the fixing magnetic component to attach the monitor module and the host module to each other.

Abstract: A first housing with a polar magnet on a first side. The first housing can include an opening on the first side. A second housing can include a sliding latch. An opposite polar magnet attached to the sliding latch. The polar magnet attracts the opposite polar magnet on the sliding latch to move the sliding latch to a latched position.

Abstract: A subcutaneous pump is provided to drain excess patient fluid from a first bodily location and discharge into a second bodily location. The pump is made from elongated flexible tube, an anchor, a check valve and then also magnetic or magnetizable material. The tube extends between a fenestrated intake end left loose in the first location (eg., peritoneal cavity) and a discharge end for the second location (eg., stomach or bladder). The anchor affixes the discharge end into the second location. The tube furthermore has a specified medial zone to be embedded in the subcutaneous layer of the patient's abdominal wall. The check valve is disposed inside the tube anywhere between the medial zone and the discharge end. The magnetic or magnetizable material is disposed in or around the specified medial zone and adapted to induce fluid pumping through the specified medial zone in response to an applied magnetic field.

Abstract: A subcutaneous pump is provided to drain excess patient fluid from a first bodily location and discharge into a second bodily location. The pump is made from elongated flexible tube, an anchor, a check valve and then also magnetic or magnetizable material. The tube extends between a fenestrated intake end left loose in the first location (e.g., peritoneal cavity) and a discharge end for the second location (e.g., stomach or bladder). The anchor affixes the discharge end into the second location. The tube furthermore has a specified medial zone to be embedded in the subcutaneous layer of the patient's abdominal wall. The check valve is disposed inside the tube anywhere between the medial zone and the discharge end. The magnetic or magnetizable material is disposed in or around the specified medial zone and adapted to induce fluid pumping through the specified medial zone in response to an applied magnetic field.

Abstract: Magnetic latch mechanisms are provided. The latch mechanisms may be employed to releasably hold a portable computing device in a closed configuration. The latch mechanism may include first and second magnetic members that may be respectively coupled to the base and lid of the portable computing device. One of the magnetic members may be moveable. Accordingly, when the moveable magnetic member is moved, the position of the magnetic members relative to one another changes, which alters a magnetic interaction therebetween. For example, attractive portions of the magnetic members may be moved away from one another. Additionally, repulsive portions of the magnetic members may be moved into proximity. Thus, opening of the lid of the portable computing device may be facilitated.

Abstract: Magnetic structure production may relate, by way of example but not limitation, to methods, systems, etc. for producing magnetic structures by printing magnetic pixels (aka maxels) into a magnetizable material. Disclosed herein is production of magnetic structures having, for example: maxels of varying shapes, maxels with different positioning, individual maxels with different properties, maxel patterns having different magnetic field characteristics, combinations thereof, and so forth. In certain example implementations disclosed herein, a second maxel may be printed such that it partially overwrites a first maxel to produce a magnetic structure having overlapping maxels. In certain example implementations disclosed herein, a magnetic printer may include a print head comprising multiple parts and having various properties. In certain example implementations disclosed herein, various techniques for using a magnetic printer may be employed to produce different magnetic structures.

Abstract: A connecting mechanism for connecting an electronic device to a docking station includes a first socket, a first magnet, a fixing member, a first magnetic induction member, a first engaging member and a first driving member. The first socket is movably disposed in the electronic device and a first engaging recess is formed on a side of the first socket. The first magnet is disposed in the first socket. The fixing member is disposed on the docking station. The first magnetic induction member is disposed on the fixing member and corresponding to the first magnet. The first engaging member is movably disposed on the fixing member and has a first engaging portion. The first driving member is disposed between the fixing member and the first engaging member.

Abstract: Flux fountain techniques are described. In one or more implementations, an apparatus includes a cover configured to be disposed over at least a portion of a display device of a computing device that is configured as a tablet and a connection portion attached to the cover using a flexible hinge. The connection portion is configured to be physically coupled to the computing device using a magnetic coupling device. The magnetic coupling device includes a first magnet that is disposed in the connection portion such that a magnetic field is aligned along an axis and second and third magnets are disposed in the connection portion at opposing sides of the first magnet from each other. The second and third magnets have respective magnetic fields that are aligned along a respective axis that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic field of the first magnet.

Abstract: A portable electronic apparatus includes a main body having a top surface on which a keypad is exposed and a bottom surface disposed opposite to the top surface, a display unit disposed to be hinge-connected to the main body to rotate 360 degrees, and having a front surface to display images and a rear surface disposed opposite to the top surface, and a position fixing unit to fix the main body and the display unit at a first position where the top surface of the main body and the front surface of the display unit are in contact with each other and at a second position where the bottom surface of the main body and the rear surface of the display unit are in contact with each other by using a magnetic force.

Abstract: A magnetically-based position sensor. The sensor includes a magnet assembly that moves along a path, a common collector, one or more magnetic sensing elements, a first variable collector, and a second variable collector. The one or more magnetic sensing elements are coupled to the common collector. The first and second variable collectors are coupled to one of the one or more magnetic sensors and are configured to collect a magnetic field. The first and second variable collectors are positioned to transmit some of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet assembly as the magnet assembly moves along the path. The first variable collector and the second variable collector have a geometry and orientation such that the flux collected by the first and second variable collectors varies as the magnet moves along the path.

Abstract: Bi-stable permanent magnet actuation is a technique employed to move and magnetically hold an armature in electromechanical devices including some valves, wherein, permanent magnets are employed in a manner that places their magnetic field in a bi-stable state to allow a control coil to divert the permanent magnet's magnetic field in one of two directions within the surrounding magnetic material. Control is established using an actuation system comprising, a power source to deliver the desired level of energy, a voltage conditioner such as a DC/DC converter matched to the power source and electromechanical device, an energy storage device such as a capacitor, an output circuit such as an H-Bridge switching circuit, and a control circuit for controlling delivery of short duration current pulses from the energy storage device through the output circuit to the electromechanical device's control coil. Thus, an energy efficient bi-stable permanent magnet actuation system is produced.

Abstract: Provided is a coercive-force specifying apparatus capable of creating a demagnetization curve for each divisional area of a coercive-force distributed magnet without breaking the coercive-force distributed magnet and of specifying an average coercive force for each divisional area precisely. A coercive force specifying apparatus of the present invention includes: a yoke including an insertion space into which a coercive-force distributed magnet is to be inserted; a magnetizing coil; a search coil that detects a magnetization change when the magnetic field is applied to the coercive-force distributed magnet; and a tracer that creates a demagnetization curve on a basis of a voltage value generated due to the magnetization change. The end face is provided with two or more loop-shaped thread grooves bored therein, the search coil being provided in each thread groove.

Abstract: There is provided a coercivity performance determination device for a coercivity distribution magnet that is capable of determining, in a short period of time, with precision, and at as low a testing cost as possible, whether or not each part of one coercivity distribution magnet has a coercivity that is equal to or greater than the required coercivity. A coercivity determining device of the present invention comprises: a substantially C-shaped magnetic body; excitation means that generates a magnetic flow in the magnetic body; and a flux meter that measures the residual magnetic flux of the coercivity distribution magnet. Protrusions are provided at corresponding positions on two opposing end faces of the magnetic body, and the coercivity distribution magnet is held between the two protrusions to form an annular magnetic circuit. An external magnetic field generation means is formed by magnetic regions caused by the protrusions and non-magnetic regions comprising the air in the periphery thereof.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for determining coercivity of a coercivity distribution magnet, whereby coercivity of each portion in the coercivity distribution magnet can be determined with good accuracy without, for example, cutting the coercivity distribution magnet into pieces and thus quality assurance can be achieved with good accuracy, is provided.

Abstract: A power distribution device may include an input port configured to receive power form a power source, a plurality of sockets arranged along a first plane to from a matrix, each of the plurality of sockets including first and second terminals, the first terminals coupled to the input port, the first and second terminals of each of the plurality of sockets configured to deliver the power therebetween upon coupling to a connection device, and a plurality of output ports aligned along a second plane, each of the plurality of output ports coupled to the second terminal of one of the plurality of sockets, the plurality of output ports configured to distribute the power to one or more power loads.

Abstract: A bulk erase tool to erase a perpendicular media recording (PMR) disk of a disk drive is disclosed. The bulk erase tool comprises a housing to receive a disk drive and at least one of a first pair of magnets mounted in the housing to be positioned above the received disk drive to provide a magnetic field to erase the top side of the disk and a second pair of magnets mounted in the housing to be positioned below the disk drive to provide a magnetic field to erase the bottom side of the disk.

Abstract: A stack of ferromagnetic sheets is gripped, lifted, and transported by first engaging with an uppermost sheet of the stack a plurality of magnet assemblies of a magnetic grab, each assembly having at least one electromagnet, then electrically energizing the electromagnets and lifting the stack with the grab while monitoring a magnetic flux of each electromagnet. A controller then compares the fluxes of the electromagnets, and varies the electrical energization of at least one of the electromagnets such that the fluxes of all the electromagnets are generally equal. The system has at least one flux sensor on each of the magnet assemblies and connected to the controller.

Abstract: Aspects relate to mitigation of a magnetic field produced by one or more units to be shipped such that a magnitude of magnetic field measured is maintained at or below a threshold level. A counter-flux is applied through the use of one or more magnets, magnet arrays, or a geometrical arrangement of magnet arrays. The strength of the counter-flux is varied by altering size, shape, number, polarity and/or location of the one or more magnets or magnet arrays. The one or more magnets or magnet arrays can be constructed as standard assemblies and/or customized magnet assemblies. Additionally, magnet tiles or configurations can provide a return path for stray field leakage and mitigation. Additionally or alternatively, the placement and orientation of the magnets or magnet arrays allows the flux of one or more units to be mitigated, thus, allowing more than one unit to be shipped at the same time.

Abstract: A displacement device with a first and second part which are displaceable relative to one another, the first part being provided with a system of magnets, the second part being provided with a set of coil block units including: at least three first coil block units having current conductors oriented parallel to a second direction, at least two second coil block units having current conductors oriented parallel to a first direction, wherein the displacement device includes a controller configured to control the position of the second part relative to the first part, and wherein when the second part mainly moves in the second direction the controller is configured to levitate the second part from the first part in the third direction by using first coil block units only.

Abstract: The movement of magnetically responsive nanoparticles through a membrane is significantly enhanced by varying the direction of the magnetic field gradient at the membrane. A device for generating the varying-gradient magnetic field includes a primary magnet having a primary magnetic field gradient direction, one or more secondary magnets directed at an acute angle relative to the primary magnetic field gradient direction, and a controller connected to at least the secondary magnets. The controller is operable to repetitively vary the direction of the resultant magnetic field gradient in a pulsating manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electromagnetic switching device including a number of fixed contact pieces, a solenoid-operated mechanism, a contact support which can be moved counter to restoring devices in at least one embodiment, with the aid of the solenoid-operated mechanism and on which a number of movable contact pieces are arranged, and an off stop for the contact support. A sensor is provided, in at least one embodiment, for detecting the position of the contact support while a control unit is provided which is connected to the sensor and regulates and/or controls the solenoid-operated mechanism during a switch-off process in order to decelerate the contact support before the same hits the off stop. Also disclosed is a method for operating such a switching device. The contact support, in at least one embodiment, transmits only a small momentum to the off stop, thus reducing the load applied to the involved parts. Such a switching device therefore has a longer service life than conventional switching devices.

Abstract: An exciting voltage arithmetic portion calculates an exciting voltage of an electromagnet using a signal of a gap sensor. On the other hand, a sensorless exciting voltage arithmetic portion calculates an exciting voltage of the electromagnet using a signal of the current sensor. The exciting voltage adjusting portion adjusts a mixing ratio between an output value of an exciting voltage arithmetic portion and an output value of the sensorless exciting voltage arithmetic portion corresponding to a gap length. The excitation of the electromagnet is controlled according to an output value of the exciting voltage adjusting portion so as to reduce influences of noises on the gap sensors thereby always achieving a stable levitation control.

Abstract: The present invention provides an accurate and real-time acquisition and monitoring of three-dimensional location information about a target, in particular a target inside a subject's body during a medical procedure. This is achieved in accordance with the invention by marking the target location by a small-size location marker, which can be detected and located with high signal-to-noise ratio of the detection by a detection system located at a distance from the target. Provided by the invention is a location marker, a target location system utilizing such marker, and also a novel antenna system suitable to be used in the target location system. The marker of the present invention is a passive electronic device, which “responds” to an external high radio frequency electromagnetic field by a periodic time pattern of a single (certain fixed value) relatively low frequency, as compared to the known devices of the kind specified emitting a frequency coded signal.

Abstract: One or more pairs of magnet assemblages (14 and 16) are provided with magnetized segments (21-30) arranged in a Halbach-like array. The magnet assemblages (14 and 16) define a gap (18) through which magnetic data storage media (12) pass in a direction (20) across the segments (21-30). The magnetized sides (36) of the magnet assemblages (14 and 16) face each other thereby creating strong magnetic fields which degauss the magnetic data storage media (12) passing through the gap (18).

Abstract: A magnetic latch for a display of a laptop computer is disclosed. The latch uses magnetic attraction to maintain the display closed and uses magnetic repelling forces to pop-up the display when opened. The latch includes one or more magnetic elements in the body of the laptop and at least one magnetic element in the display. When the display is closed, the magnet element in the display is positioned adjacent the magnet element in the body having an opposite polarity so that the magnet elements are attracted to one another. To pop-up the display, the user moves the magnetic element in the display so that it meets the magnetic pole in the body having the same polarity. When these meet, the repelling force between them causes the display to open slightly so that a user can then readily open the display.

Abstract: An exemplary electromagnetic induction switch includes a coil, a magnet suspended in the coil, a rectification circuit, and a relay-switch. The coil is connected between two input terminals of the rectification circuit. Two output terminals of the rectification circuit are respectively connected to two relay leads of the relay-switch. One of two switch leads of the relay-switch is connected to a working circuit, and another one of the switch leads of the relay-switch is connected to the working circuit via a power source, thereby controlling the power source supplying power to the working circuit.

Abstract: A method for operating an electromagnetic operating mechanism includes, upon application of a control voltage, resetting and initializing a control circuit and starting a charging of a charge storage device. Subsequently, an auxiliary tripping coil and a main tripping coil are sequentially briefly energized, and, if no current flow occurs through at least one of the tripping coils, the control voltage is permanently disconnected. If a current flow occurs through each of the tripping coils, a closing coil is energized so as to move the armature to an attracted position, and the closing coil is subsequently de-energized. Subsequently, sequentially briefly energizing the auxiliary tripping coil and the main tripping coil are sequentially briefly energized without affecting the armature. Upon removal of the control voltage, the charge storage device is discharged through the main tripping coil so as to move the armature to the dropped-out position.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electromagnetic switching device including a number of fixed contact pieces, a solenoid-operated mechanism, a contact support which can be moved counter to restoring devices in at least one embodiment, with the aid of the solenoid-operated mechanism and on which a number of movable contact pieces are arranged, and an off stop for the contact support. A sensor is provided, in at least one embodiment, for detecting the position of the contact support while a control unit is provided which is connected to the sensor and regulates and/or controls the solenoid-operated mechanism during a switch-off process in order to decelerate the contact support before the same hits the off stop. Also disclosed is a method for operating such a switching device. The contact support, in at least one embodiment, transmits only a small momentum to the off stop, thus reducing the load applied to the involved parts. Such a switching device therefore has a longer service life than conventional switching devices.

Abstract: A method of making a permanent magnet body is provided. The method includes providing a first precursor body comprising a plurality of blocks and magnetizing the first precursor body to form a first permanent magnet body. A recoil magnetization pulse may be applied to the permanent magnet body after the magnetization. The precursor body may be heated during magnetization. A power supply containing a battery may be used to energize a pulsed magnet used to magnetize the precursor body.

Abstract: A device for magnetizing a magnet system preferably having several pulse-generator circuits which are mutually arranged so that their magnetic fields superimpose in a cumulative manner. Each pulse-generator circuit includes a capacitor element, a magnetization coil electrically connected to the capacitor element and a switch element by way of which actuation the magnetization coil can be impinged with a current pulse of a limited pulse duration arising by the discharge of the capacitor element, and thus the build-up of a magnetic field may be triggered. The pulse-generator circuit is built up so that the pulse duration of the current pulse is limited to a value between 10 ?s and 500 ?s. With such short pulse durations, undesirable heating of the magnetization coil is short so that the device may be applied in automatic production installations with cycle times of below 1 s.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus generate electricity through the operation of a circuit based upon a single magnetic flux path. A magnetizable member provides the flux path. One or more electrically conductive coils are wound around the member, and a reluctance or flux switching apparatus is used to control the flux. When operated, the switching apparatus causes a reversal of the polarity (direction) of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet through the member, thereby inducing alternating electrical current in each coil. The flux switching apparatus may be motionless or rotational. In the motionless embodiments, two or four reluctance switches are operated so that the magnetic flux from one or more stationary permanent magnet(s) is reversed through the magnetizable member.