Abstract: A method analyzes an operating condition of a power converter. The method includes: providing a sample clock signal; determining repeatedly at least one operating parameter of a power semiconductor device of the power converter; and determining the operating condition of the power converter depending on the at least one determined operating parameter. The repetitions of the determining the at least one operating parameter are synchronous to the sample clock signal. For a given repetition of the determination of the at least one operating parameter, determining the at least one operating parameter includes measuring the at least one operating parameter or identifying a value for the at least one operating parameter from a previous repetition depending on a switching behavior of the power converter within the given repetition.

Abstract: A sump, ejector, or other pump monitor configured to monitor the amperage of electric current power supplied through the pump monitor to a pump and communicate one or more signals regarding the amperage or variations in amperage to a remote signal receiving device which indicate a predicted failure or actual failure of the pump. In various embodiments, the pump monitor operates with a remote pump failure warning system. The remote signal receiving device or remote pump failure warning system provides suitable warnings to one or more user access devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling turn-on and turn-off of an electric current supplied by a smart socket. The method includes retrieving a timing instruction used for controlling turn-on and turn-off of the electric current, and controlling on and off of an electric current to a device connected to a smart socket according to the timing instruction. The timing instruction is stored in the smart socket and a control device. The control device is wirelessly connected with the smart socket. The present disclosure improves the reliability of controlling turn-on and turn-off of an electric current supplied by the smart socket.

Abstract: An oxygen analysis system (OAS) for measuring, monitoring and recording oxygen concentration in aircraft fuel tanks. The OAS has a rack support structure installed in an aircraft cabin with a plurality of oxygen analyzer devices mounted in the rack support structure. Each oxygen analyzer device has an oxygen sensor to measure oxygen concentration in gas samples continuously drawn from sample locations in aircraft fuel tanks and at an aircraft NGS ASM exit. The OAS further has a plurality of valves, a supply of calibration gases, a supply of purge and operating gases, and a power distribution assembly, all coupled to the rack support structure. The OAS further has a transport tubing assembly, a plurality of fuel tank gas sampling ports, an NGS ASM exit gas sampling port, a drain manifold assembly, and a data acquisition and recording system having a user interface software to monitor and control the OAS.

Abstract: A design of a protection relay, and interface with an operator of a protection relay, are disclosed. The protection relay can include a base relay for measurement of line current and for generation of a trip signal, a base Human Machine Interface (HMI) for user specifying of a base setting of an operating parameter of the protection relay, and an optionally active Human Machine Interface (HMI) unit having a processing unit to manage plural activities with controlled power consumption.

Abstract: A system of managing power distribution units includes a master rack PDU and a plurality of child rack PDU's. The master rack PDU is coupled to a network and is configured to receive short-range wireless signals. The plurality of child rack PDU's are configured to transmit short-range wireless signals including data measurements. The master rack PDU receives the data measurements in the short-range wireless signals transmitted by the plurality of child rack PDU's and the master rack PDU transmits the data measurements to a computer over the network.

Abstract: A cloud management method of electronic devices is disclosed herein. The method comprises collecting at least one first information from a electronic device by an information collector comprising a safe power switch; calculating a temporary safe interruption value by the information collector via analyzing a predetermined number of times of a working current or voltage of the electronic device, or calculating a safe interruption value by a local server or a first server; and writing back the temporary safe interruption value or the safe interruption value to the safe power switch. Preferably, a power supply of the electronic device is cut off by the safe power switch in response to the working current or voltage surpassing the temporary safe interruption value or the safe interruption value.

Abstract: Managing electrical power usage in a power distribution system. Power usage data indicative of electrical current flow through electrical outlets in the system are collected and displayed for a user. The user may select an outlet and issue a command to control current flow through that outlet. Environmental data may also be collected and displayed. Outlets in different Cabinet Power Distribution Units (CDUs) in different locations may be clustered for reporting and control. A database structure provides a “system” table for data descriptive of the system, a “tower” table for data descriptive of outlets and other elements in the system, an “infeed” table for data descriptive of input electrical power, and an “outlet” table for data descriptive of electrical power flowing through the outlets.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high-voltage protection circuit, a high-voltage protection method and a power supply. The high voltage protection circuit comprises a main relay, an auxiliary relay, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor, wherein one end of the main relay is connected to the input port of a live line, and the other end thereof is connected to the output port of the live line; one end of the auxiliary relay is connected to the input port of the live line, and the other end thereof is connected between the first resistor and the second resistor; one end of the first capacitor is connected to the output port of the live line, and the other end thereof is connected to a neutral line parallel to the live line; the second capacitor is connected to both ends of the main relay in parallel; and the second resistor and the first resistor are connected between the input port and the output port of the live line in series in sequence.

Abstract: A current differential relay comprises: an interface section; a quantization section; a communication section; and a difference calculation section. The quantization section quantizes current received by the interface section and converts it to first current data. The communication section, in the case where this relay is a representative current differential relay of a first group, transmits second current data from another current differential relay belonging to the first group and the first current data jointly to a representative current differential relay belonging to the second group, receives third current data from the representative current differential relay, and transmits the third current data to the other current differential relays. A difference calculation section executes a current difference calculation based on the first to third current data.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, when a transformer that is connected to a first power supply through a first breaker as well as to a second power supply through a second breaker is detected to be disconnected from the power supplies, a specific phase of the three phases of the first breaker is closed to suppress an excitation inrush current, based on calculated residual magnetic fluxes and a voltage of the first power supply, and thereafter, the remaining two phases are closed. Based on the calculated residual magnetic fluxes and a voltage of the second power supply, a specific phase of the three phases of the second breaker is closed to suppress an excitation inrush current, and thereafter, the remaining two phases are closed.

Abstract: When a closing coil is excited with a charged capacitor by closing a switch to drive a movable core and to close a vacuum valve not shown, if switches are opened, no current flows even when a voltage is electromagnetically induced in a coil from the coil, and no power loss occurs. If a switch is closed before opening the switch, when the switch is opened, the current flowing through the coil commutates to a series circuit comprising a resistor, whereby a voltage generated in the coil can be suppressed. When the opening coil is excited with a capacitor by closing a switch to drive the movable core in the opposite direction to open the vacuum valve, if the switches are opened, no current flows even when a voltage is electromagnetically induced in the coil from the coil, and no power loss occurs.

Abstract: A starter relay structure for a vehicle, where an electronic control unit of the vehicle controls the starter relay structure. The starter relay structure comprises a first relay and a second relay activated by an ignition signal from the electronic control unit. The starter relay structure further include a third relay activated by an output of the second relay, where an output of the first relay is provided as an input to the third relay.

Abstract: A method and system for diagnostic coverage of safety components monitors the state of a safety chain and each of the safety devices in the chain. A fault condition is detected if one of the safety devices indicates that the safety chain should be open but the safety chain indicates that it is closed. In order to prevent an inadvertent reset of the fault condition by opening the safety chain via a second safety device, the fault condition is latched until the monitoring system verifies that the faulty safety device has been corrected.

Abstract: The devices and methods described below provide for a high voltage control circuits using commercial lower voltage, and lower cost, relays. A low voltage control system using commercial switching relays is used to control and switch an isolated low voltage power supply through an isolation layer. The isolated low voltage power supply is used to drive commercial switching relays that control the high voltage power applied to the high voltage load. Adding the isolated low voltage power supply controlled through an isolation layer enables the use of commercial low voltage components to switch high voltage power such as 347VAC without violating Underwriters Laboratories spacing or testing requirements.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process of configuring a standalone self-supplied numeric controlled relay for providing phase and earth over current protection to electrical systems by accurate current measurement. The arrangement for current measurement with control algorithms is provided for power control by providing amplified and conditioned current for optimization between the current to power an electronic circuit and the fidelity of a measured current waveform so that they both are at the acceptable levels at the same time. This disclosure describes the current sensing and associated algorithm for power control in a truly self-powered relay.

Abstract: A control system for the ignition of a gas burner that includes an electromagnetic valve having a first coil and a second coil, the activation of the first and second coils controlling the flow of gas through the electromagnetic valve. An incandescent element which is designed to be heated until it reaches the gas combustion temperature of the gas delivered to the burner is disposed electrically in series with the first coil, the incandescent element and first coil forming a first branch that is electrically parallel to the second coil.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for select-firing of perorating guns or activating other equipment in a well, such as a bridge plug. Double-pole double-throw electronic relays, used along with diodes that block voltage below a selected level, are used to control access of positive or negative voltages to blasting caps. Firing of a blasting cap causes an open circuit across the blasting cap and shifting of a relay. Alternate application of negative and positive voltages allows activation of multiple devices in a well.

Abstract: A method and system for diagnostic coverage of safety components monitors the state of a safety chain and each of the safety devices in the chain. A fault condition is detected if one of the safety devices indicates that the safety chain should be open but the safety chain indicates that it is closed. In order to prevent an inadvertent reset of the fault condition by opening the safety chain via a second safety device, the fault condition is latched until the monitoring system verifies that the faulty safety device has been corrected.

Abstract: An electrical switching apparatus includes separable contacts; an operating mechanism structured to open and close the separable contacts; and a trip mechanism cooperating with the operating mechanism to trip open the separable contacts. The trip mechanism includes an input structured to receive a remote signal to remotely enable an arc reduction maintenance mode, a first circuit structured to enable the arc reduction maintenance mode in response to the received remote signal, and a second circuit structured to provide an electrical signal remote from the trip mechanism in order to remotely indicate that the arc reduction maintenance mode is remotely enabled.

Abstract: A safety switch device for switching a power supply for a load on and off, having at least one driveable switching element, in particular a relay, and a safety circuit for checking a switching state of the switching element. The switching element is in the form of a changeover switch in such a manner that a first contact is electrically connected to either a second contact or a third contact by means of a switching operation. A method for operating a safety switch device is also provided.

Abstract: First through third relays are connected in series, and a load 4 does not operate unless all are in the ON state. This enables the prevention of failures such as spilling of fuel due to a malfunction of the load, even when there is a fault in any of the first through third relays.

Abstract: A relay driving module is adapted for driving a latching relay, and includes a current limiting circuit, an energy storage component, and a switch circuit. The current limiting circuit is adapted for receiving a power signal, and draws an amount of current that does not exceed a current threshold from the power signal. The energy storage component is coupled electrically to the current limiting circuit for receiving the current from the current limiting circuit so as to store energy therein. The switch circuit is coupled electrically to the energy storage component, and is controlled by a control signal to selectively enable the energy storage component to discharge the energy stored therein so as to drive the latching relay.

Abstract: A switch for premises electrical circuits provides wireless control compatible with at least one home automation control system technology. A single switch design can operate two-, three-, and four-way circuits without alteration, and without recourse to coordinating remote switches. The switch includes processor functions for restoring a previous state after power interruption, and for establishing a state commanded during the power interruption. The switch uses two single-pole, single-throw relays for positive safety lockout, and adjusts relay actuation timing with reference to power waveform zero-crossing for contact arc reduction with inductive, tungsten, and capacitive loads.

Abstract: A power supply control apparatus for controlling a power supply unit including a battery and a load is provided. The power supply control apparatus includes a main relay and a ground relay, a pre-charge relay, an inrush current limiting resistor, a first relay control section, and a time measurement section. The main relay and the ground relay are connected between the battery and the load. The pre-charge relay is connected in parallel with one of the main relay and the ground relay. The inrush current limiting resistor is connected in series with the pre-charge relay, and limits an inrush current from the battery to the load. The first relay control section temporarily turns ON the pre-charge relay and turns ON the main relay and the ground relay upon receiving a power supply connection request from the outside, and turns OFF the main relay and the ground relay upon receiving a power supply interruption request from the outside.

Abstract: A plurality of valves are triggered so that a first valve is triggered by a first trigger signal and a second valve is triggered by a second trigger signal, the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal are each generated by generating a pulse width modulated frequency signal of the first frequency f1 and a dither signal of the second frequency f2, where f1>f2, the trigger signal is generated by modulating the clock pulse duty factor of the frequency signal with the dither signal, and the dither signals of the first trigger signal and of the second trigger signal are synchronized with one another at chronological intervals.

Abstract: A protective circuit (30) for intrinsically safe electromagnetic actuators operating at the voltage of a power supply approved for underground mining, for switching electrohydraulic valves in underground mining, comprising a coil (11) connected to a first potential (2) and a second potential (3) of the power supply and associated with at least two spaced apart short-circuit means (12) connected in parallel with the electromagnetic actuator coil (11) for short-circuiting ting the coil in the event of a reversal of the potential of the coil voltage. In accordance with the present invention the protective circuit comprises a semiconductor switch (T3) which is inserted between the coil (11) and the second potential (3) and, in the event of a voltage reduction or potential reversal, isolates the coil (11) from the second potential, so that the discharge from the coil (11) has no adverse effect on the energy supply system or the intrinsic safety.

Abstract: A relay assembly for a fog light is disclosed which comprises a relay housing having a first terminal adapted to being connected to a switch for operating another light and operation of the switch for illuminating a fog light.

Abstract: A current inductive timer socket comprises: a principle relay circuit, a reed relay circuit, a plurality of diodes, a reed relay and a resistance, a counter circuit, a holding circuit, a time switch circuit and amplification circuit. When the electric appliance is in use, a signal of voltage drop produced at both ends of the rated resistance will be amplified by the operational amplifier and then transmitted to the counter circuit and an overload detecting circuit, making the counter circuit start to count automatically, and thus time operation is carried out. Further, when electric appliance is overloaded or in the case of short circuit, the power source can also be cut off automatically.

Abstract: A system that includes micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry, such as may be made up of a plurality of micro-electromechanical switches, is provided. The plurality of micro-electromechanical switches may generally operate in a closed switching condition during system operation. A controller is coupled to the electromechanical switching circuitry. The controller may be configured to actuate at least one of the micro-electromechanical switches to a temporary open switching condition while a remainder of micro-electromechanical switches remains in the closed switching condition to conduct a load current and avoid interrupting system operation. The temporary open switching condition of the switch is useful to avoid a tendency of switch contacts to stick to one another.

Abstract: An operative control circuit of multiple electromagnetic actuating devices in series and parallel connections, wherein individually installed driving coils of two or more than two electromagnetic actuating devices being operatively controlled by a switching device to appear lower impedance in parallel connection or series and parallel connection for electrification thereby producing a larger electromagnetic actuating power is switched to appear relatively higher impedance in series connection or series and parallel connection thereby reducing currents passing through driving coils while required operating characteristics for individual electromagnetic actuating devices after electrification are still satisfied.

Abstract: A dual-acting solenoid, consisting of one armature moving between two latching positions against two yokes with two drive windings, is interconnected to bring out three wire terminations: a center and two ends. The electronic drive circuitry is similarly configured for three terminals. Optionally, the drive circuitry includes sensing and computation sufficient to determine the two currents and the two inductive voltages associated with the two windings. A method is shown for using six measured or computed parameters, two inductive voltages, two currents, and two time derivatives of current, to determine the simultaneous position and velocity of the armature. The method involves simultaneous solution of the equations for current and voltage in two time-varying inductors where the two inductances are constrained to correspond to the position of a single armature moving between two fixed magnetic yokes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technique for discerning a status of an armature of a high-speed solenoid at any time during its operational cycle. In high speed solenoids, motion of an armature does not occur until after a finite and indeterminate lapse of time after application of a driving voltage. In the present invention, a pulsed driving voltage is used to drive the solenoid. A resultant current in a coil of the solenoid exhibits discontinuities in its rate of change when the armature moves. Occurrences of the discontinuities are used to produce control signals and coordinate operation of the solenoids and other controllable events. Occurrence of these discontinuities exactly correlates with armature motion. Consequently, time lapse between application of voltage and motion of the armature becomes inconsequential in design of a control system. In other words, control and coordination of operation of high-speed solenoids can be performed without consideration of uncertainties of the time lapse.

Abstract: A device (1) for controlling inductive loads (111, 112), includes: several control stages (321, 322) having a bonding pad (331, 332) for an inductive load (321, 322), a receive input (301, 302) for a conduction activate signal, a switch (121, 122) including control and output electrodes; an enabling circuit (181, 182) measuring the voltage applied to the pad (331, 332) and generating an enabling signal; a conduction re-activate circuit (2) common to the control stages, limiting the voltage on the pad of the various stages to a common level and applying a conduction activate signal to the control electrode of a switch when the enabling signal is generated. The device can be used in particular to ensure an identical duration of supply to loads connected to the bonding pad.

Abstract: Occupancy sensors are provided that do not require an external power source in order to operate. The sensors operate with a low voltage non-rechargeable battery and are fully functional for at least about 15-20 years. The sensors include a relay output capable of switching high or low voltage and high or low current with virtually no generated heat. The sensors require no warm-up period, no minimum load, and no external ground connection. The sensors are always active and are easily installed, having two electrically interchangeable outputs for coupling to, for example, a load and a load power source.

Abstract: For sequencing of power rails, a plurality of switches, which operate independently of each other, are operable to control delivery of power from an input power rail to an output power rail. The delivery of the power is controlled by a control input. A time delay circuit is operable to delay the control input by a time period. An input discrete component, coupled in series with the delay circuit, is configurable to adjust the time period. A fast discharge circuit is enabled to override the time period on a trailing edge of the output power rail. A discharge circuit that is coupled to the output power rail includes an output discrete component, the component being selectable to control a decay rate of the output power rail.

Abstract: A power distribution system generally includes at least two relays. An equal-phase pulse generator generates pulse signals in equal phase intervals. At least two drivers, one for each of the at least two relays, control current flow to the at least two relays based on the pulse signals.

Abstract: A circuit and related methods for use in a hybrid power switching device are provided that include at least one electromechanical relay having a coil and a contact, the electromechanical relay defining a release time and a sticking time during an on-to-off transition. At least one solid state switch is electrically connected to the contact, and a timing circuit is electrically connected to the electromechanical relay and the solid state switch. The timing circuit includes a capacitor electrically connected to a control signal input and at least one resistor electrically connected to the capacitor and to the solid state switch, wherein the capacitor and the resistor are sized such that the capacitor discharges through the resistor to activate the solid state switch for a period of time that is longer than the electromechanical relay release time and sticking time.

Abstract: A human machine interface with expanded function includes a panel and a printed circuit board. A first key apparatus electrically coupled to the printed circuit board is mounted on the panel. The printed circuit board provides an expansion interface for optionally connecting a second key unit, so that a user can design and install the second key unit according to distinct requirements.

Abstract: A current inductive timer socket comprises: a principle relay circuit including an output relay and a voltage input terminal, a reed relay circuit including a capacitor, a plurality of diodes, a reed relay and a resistance, a counter circuit including a DC rectifier, seven series-connected counters, and a time select switch, a holding circuit including a neon light, a photodiode, an operational amplifier, a transistor, a diode and a resistance, a time switch circuit including three time switches, and three series-connected exciting transistors, and an inductive and amplification circuit including a transformer parallel-connected to a rated resistor, a set of two-stage operational amplifiers, a resistance, and a capacitor.

Abstract: A solenoid (30) has one end connected to the ground G and the other end connected to an N-MOS transistor (33) which applies current from a battery (31) to the solenoid (30). On the other hand, regenerative current generated when the N-MOS transistor turns off flows from a diode (34) whose anode is connected to the ground, via a resistor (32) to the solenoid (30). Accordingly, without connecting the anode of the diode (34) to the solenoid (30) using a lead line, the solenoid (30) can be driven by current. Moreover, since the current flowing from the battery (31) to the solenoid (30) does not flow to the resistor (32), heating is reduced and a solenoid drive apparatus can be made in an IC.

Abstract: A method for driving a plurality of actuators having an output stage having multiple channels, by way of whose channels boost currents are conveyed to the actuators. In this method, a check is made as to whether rising edges of multiple boost currents are present simultaneously (rising edge collision). Upon the identification of simultaneously present rising edges, at least one of the boost currents is conveyed in time-offset fashion to the associated actuator.

Abstract: A solenoid control circuit that includes two switching networks that are selectively opened and closed in a current limit cycle to control the magnitude of the current flowing through the solenoid. The configuration of the switching networks is such that current flows through an energy dissipating resistor only when the solenoid is commanded off by the solenoid control circuit, and not during the current limit cycle. Thus, the energy dissipated by this resistor is reduced relative to other solenoid control circuits, making it more efficient, and reducing EMI emissions from the circuit while providing for a fast solenoid response.

Abstract: An electrical assembly including a plurality of electrical modules, each of the plurality of electrical modules being sequentially electrically connected to at least one other of the plurality of electrical modules. Each of the plurality of electrical modules including a coding circuit, each of the coding circuits interacting to identify a number of the plurality of electrical modules that are sequentially electrically connected.

Abstract: A branching unit for use in submarine systems that includes a ground termination; first, second, and third cable terminations each coupled to a power feed line of a respective submarine cable; a re-configuration relay in series between the first cable termination and the ground termination, the re-configuration relay being unidirectional and having at least one contact positioned in series between the second and third terminations, the at least one contact being closed when the re-configuration relay is de-energized; and a bypass relay in series between the second and third cable terminations, the bypass relay having a contact positioned in parallel with the reconfiguration relay and being open when the bypass relay is de-energized.

Abstract: A circuit and method for controlling two or more electric relays, wherein at least one of the relays are rated to handle a higher voltage level while at least one of the relays are rated to handle a lower voltage level. A controller selectively activates the relays such that the higher voltage rated relay(s) open before but close after the lower voltage rated relay(s) within the system.

Abstract: A modular asynchronous contactor assembly includes a contactor for each phase or pole of an electrical device. The contactor assembly is applicable as both a switching device and an isolation or load protection device. As such, each contactor is constructed so that each includes multiple contact assemblies. Moreover, the contactors within a single contactor assembly or housing can be independently controlled so that the contacts of one contactor can be opened without opening the contacts of the other contactors of the contactor assembly.

Abstract: A personal computer protection device for disconnecting a computer system from a communications channel during power down periods. The personal computer protection device includes a power sensor for sensing power drawn by the computer system, an input port for connecting to a communications channel, an output for connecting the input port to a communications channel input of the computer system and a relay connected between the input port and output port. The relay selectively disconnects the input port and output port when the sensor senses the power drawn is below a threshold value thereby indicating the computer system is in a powered down or sleep state.

Abstract: A modular asynchronous contactor assembly includes a contactor for each phase or pole of an electrical device. The contactor assembly is applicable as both a switching device and an isolation or load protection device. As such, each contactor is constructed so that each includes multiple contact assemblies. Moreover, the contactors within a single contactor assembly or housing can be independently controlled so that the contacts of one contactor can be opened without opening the contacts of the other contactors of the contactor assembly.

Abstract: A modular asynchronous contactor assembly includes a contactor for each phase or pole of an electrical device. The contactor assembly is applicable as both a switching device and an isolation or load protection device. As such, each contactor is constructed so that each includes multiple contact assemblies. Moreover, the contactors within a single contactor assembly or housing can be independently controlled so that the contacts of one contactor can be opened without opening the contacts of the other contactors of the contactor assembly.