Abstract: Disclosed herein is a safety device for attachment at an edge of a door leaf. The safety device comprises a pressure monitor and an electromagnetic lock element. The pressure monitor is configured, in response to a force being applied to the safety device, to issue a signal.

Abstract: A wireless-controlled smart plug device and methods of use and operation, using a solid state switch to provide electrical power from an outlet to a load, and provide protection against overload, short circuit, ground, arc, or voltage surge faults. The switch includes a bidirectional semiconductor switch with two back-to-back connected transistors, such as silicon power MOSFETs, silicon insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), silicon carbide (SiC) transistors, or gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, each configured to control the current flow from the electrical receptacle to the external electrical load.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lighting control system with a motion sensor unit that electrically couples to a load circuit through a latching relay or load controller for turning on and off lights. The motion sensor unit is configured to power down to draw zero power after a time delay, when motion is longer detected within the work space by the motion sensor unit. The lighting control system further includes a control circuit that reinitiates or turns the motion sensor back on through a switch device.

Abstract: An online upgrading method for a power supply, capable of enabling the power supply to simultaneously perform work output in the process of upgrading the power supply without using two sets of power supplies, and including: S1, determining whether the power supply needs to be corrected, and if the power supply needs to be corrected, sending an upgrading request to a master control chip; S2, the master control chip turning off any transformer in the power supply and sending a starting instruction to a secondary control chip, and the secondary control chip controlling the power supply to enter an upgrading mode according to the starting instruction; S3, when the power supply enters the upgrading mode, the power supply transmitting upgrading data to the secondary control chip by means of a transmission protocol.

Abstract: A pressure distribution mapping system includes a flexible M×N textile-based pressure sensor array. with first and second electrode textile layers and a piezoresistive fabric layer with a sheet resistance of at least 60 k-ohm/square positioned between the first and second electrode textile layers. Individual pressure sensors are formed by an intersection between a row electrically-conductive path and a column electrically-conductive path along with the portion of the piezoresistive layer positioned at the intersection. A measurement system measures the resistance of each pressure sensor of the pressure sensor array. The measurement system includes a reading module with first op-amps connected to each row and second op-amps connected to each column.

Abstract: A power conversion device includes a power converter, a relay, and a welding detector. The welding detector includes a first resistor connected to a terminal of the relay on a first side, a capacitor and a second resistor, both of which are connected to a terminal of the relay on a second side, an application unit to apply an inspection signal to the relay via the capacitor and the second resistor, and a determiner connected between the capacitor and the second resistor, the determiner detecting a signal based on application of the inspection signal by the application unit to determine whether or not the relay is welded.

Abstract: A distributed safety lockout system for a vehicle, such as a recreational vehicle (RV), that includes a plurality of networked devices communicatively coupled via a communications network, and that is configured to implement a method for controlling an electromechanical operation of an electromechanical device based on a safety lockout condition determined through use of a consensus protocol in which a safety lockout status is agreed upon by the networked devices. The safety lockout status may be escalated by a safety lockout condition detection device that detects a safety lockout condition, such as movement of the RV. The safety lockout status may be de-escalated through a network contention mode of the consensus protocol in which each of the networked devices agree to de-escalate the safety lockout status.

Abstract: A multi-level inverter topology is disclosed. A power converter circuit converts a DC source at its input to provide an alternating current (AC) at its output. The power converter circuit may have a controller operably attached to multiple series connections of switches. The controller may control one or more of the multiple series connections of switches to convert a DC input to provide multi-level AC voltages with DC offset across two terminals of the power converter circuit. The multi-level AC voltages with DC offset may then be converted by use of a plurality of series connections of switches to provide a single-phase AC voltage at a first output terminal with respect to at least one of a neutral potential, an earth potential, or a terminal of the power converter circuit.

Abstract: Techniques for diagnosing failures in a digital solenoid I/P converter are provided herein. A controller of the I/P converter may apply a fixed voltage to an I/P coil of the I/P converter, causing an armature to move from an off-position to an on-position in a properly-functioning I/P converter. The controller may receive an indication of whether a digital logic line trip has occurred, indicating that a current for the I/P coil has reached a desired maximum current level. The controller may remove the fixed voltage applied to the I/P coil when the maximum current level is reached or when a threshold period of time has elapsed from the application of the fixed voltage to the I/P coil. The controller may diagnose, based on whether the digital logic line trip occurred prior to removing the fixed voltage, a failure in the I/P converter.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus includes a burner configured to produce flames, a first flame rod and a second flame rod, and a controller. The burner is configured to be controlled, by the controller, to be in a first output state, and a second output state in which output is smaller than in the first output state. The first flame rod makes contact with the flames produced at the burner in a normal combustion state. The second flame rod makes contact with the flames produced at the burner in the normal combustion state when the burner is being controlled to be in the first output state, and does not make contact with the flames produced at the burner in the normal combustion state when the burner is being controlled to be in the second output state.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for modifying an existing electrical circuit to enable a conventional mechanical switch to integrate with and operate smart devices, while also providing continuous power supply and cooperating with external operation of the smart devices (e.g., via a mobile device application, smart controller, etc.). The smart device thus is operable both via the physical switch and via a home automation system, without loss of power to the smart device computer and transmitter components caused by use of the wall switch. This may be done via a replacement switch or faceplate which effectively bypasses the physical switch to ensure continuous power to the smart device while also inferring and transmitting the toggle state of the switch by measuring an amount of current through the faceplate.

Abstract: A flow control valve includes a bobbin around which a solenoid coil is wound, a plunger inserted into the bobbin so as to be capable of sliding, a core in which is provided an outflow port from which a fluid flows, a spring that biases the plunger in a direction away from the core, and a valve body incorporated into the plunger so as to be disposed facing the outflow port. During a non-operating state, the valve body is disposed at a first position distanced from the outflow port. During an operating state, the plunger is pulled toward the core against a biasing force of the spring, and is not in contact with the core when the valve body is at a second position in which the valve body blocks the outflow port.

Abstract: A load control device may control power delivered to an electrical load from an AC power source. The load control device may include a controllably conductive device adapted to be coupled in series electrical connection between the AC power source and the electrical load, a zero-cross detect circuit configured to generate a zero-cross signal representative of the zero-crossings of an AC voltage. The zero-cross signal may be characterized by pulses occurring in time with the zero-crossings of the AC voltage. The load control device may include a control circuit operatively coupled to the controllably conductive device and the zero cross detect circuit. The control circuit may be configured to identify a rising-edge time and a falling-edge time of one of the pulses of the zero-cross signal, and may control a conductive state of the controllably conductive device based on the rising-edge time and the falling-edge time of the pulse.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for determining the armature (1) position of an electromagnet. In the method the potential differences in the yoke (2) or in the armature (1), generated by a non-homogeneous eddy current distribution in the event of a deflection of the armature (1), are detected to determine the instantaneous armature (1) position relative to a reference position from these potential differences. For this purpose at least one voltage difference is measured between two measuring points on the yoke (2) or armature (1), or between one measuring point on the yoke (2) or armature (1) and a reference potential. The armature (1) position relative to a reference position on the electromagnet is then determined from this voltage difference. The method can be performed cost effectively, and can also easily be applied to existing electromagnets.

Abstract: A low-voltage protective switching device includes: at least one line conductor length extending from a line conductor supply connection of the low-voltage protective switching device to a line conductor load connection of the low-voltage protective switching device; a neutral conductor length extending from a neutral conductor connection of the low-voltage protective switching device to a neutral conductor load connection of the low-voltage protective switching device; a mechanical bypass switch and a first mechanical circuit breaker disposed in series in the line conductor length; a second mechanical circuit breaker disposed in the neutral conductor length; a first semiconductor switching arrangement disposed in parallel to the bypass switch; and an electronic control unit that presettably actuates the bypass switch, the first mechanical circuit breaker, the second mechanical circuit breaker, and the first semiconductor switching arrangement.

Abstract: A control system for a fire door and a door operator having the same are disclosed. The control system includes a fire door actuating module, a first control module and a second control module. The fire door actuating module is used to actuate a fire door. The first control module is electrically connected with the fire door actuating module to control the operation of the fire door actuating module. The second control module is electrically connected to the first control module and the fire door actuating module. The second control module monitors the operation of the first control module. When the operation of the first control module is abnormal, the second control module controls the operation of the fire door actuating module.

Abstract: The high voltage component assembly includes a first high voltage component and a second high voltage component for operating respectively upon reception of high voltage supply from a supply source, a case body for containing the first high voltage component therein, a lid to be attached to the case body to prevent access to an inside of the case body in a state of the lid being attached to the case body, a fastening member to be fastened in a fastening state to fix the lid so as not to be detached from the case body, a receptacle to which the second high voltage component is attached, the receptacle being provided at a position precluding release of the fastening member from the fastening state in a state of the receptacle receiving the second high voltage component attached, and a cutoff device for cutting off the supply of the high voltage from the supply source upon detachment of the second high voltage component from the receptacle.

Abstract: A process of making a short-circuited diode that changes the properties of an electric current that passes through the short-circuited diode so that the current does not harm a human that contacts the current after it passes through the diode.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus of preventing a malfunction of a circuit breaker may include a circuit breaker and a variable resistor installed on a distributing board, the variable resistor being disposed outside the circuit breaker separately from the circuit breaker, wherein the variable resistor is connected in parallel to an anti-pumping auxiliary relay RW, and total resistance of the anti-pumping auxiliary relay RW and the variable resistor connected in parallel to each other is less than resistance of the anti-pumping auxiliary relay RW.

Abstract: A method of regulating the operation of an electrical system. The electrical system includes, a load, at least one sensor coupled to the load configured to measure at least one characteristic of the load, a solenoid having at least one coil, at least one sensor coupled to the solenoid coil configured to measure at least one characteristic of the coil. A control circuit is coupled to the at least one load sensor and the at least one coil sensor, and includes a memory. The method includes receiving, by the control circuit, at least one load characteristic from the at least one load sensor, determining, by the control circuit, a force sufficient to maintain an electrical contact, based on the at least one load characteristic, and regulating, by the control circuit, a coil current, based on the force and based on the at least one characteristic of the coil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolation mechanism of a controller for a direct current circuit breaker, which has a simple structure for isolation and connection manipulation. The isolation mechanism of a controller for a circuit breaker comprises a first connector that has a plurality of output terminals electrically connected to the controller and a plurality of input terminals detached from the output terminals for connecting an input electric power source; and a second connector that has a first connection position connected to the first connector and a second connection position rotated at 180° from the first connection position and connected to the first connector, and has a conductor wiring portion electrically connecting the output terminals with the input terminals at the first connection position and electrically disconnecting the output terminals from the input terminals at the second connection position.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electrical control system, the system including a switch module to control power delivery from a power source to at least one load, the switch module including first and second traveler lines to connect the switch module to a load or to a corresponding switch in a three-way configuration, the method including receiving, at the switch module, a first signal from the first traveler line, receiving, at the switch module, a second signal from the second traveler line, receiving, at the switch module, a third signal from a common line, where the common line is connected to the load or the power source, identifying a waveform pattern based on the first signal, second signal and third signal, determining a state of the load based on the identified waveform pattern, and controlling a display of a user interface based on the determined state of the load.

Abstract: A system is provided for speed control during motoring of a gas turbine engine of an aircraft. The system includes an air turbine starter, a starter air valve operable to deliver compressed air to the air turbine starter, and a controller. The controller is operable to adjust the starter air valve to control motoring of the gas turbine engine based on measured feedback with lead compensation to reject disturbances attributable to dual to single or single to dual engine starting transitions.

Abstract: A device for monitoring a high-voltage contactor in a vehicle having a coil with an anchor, the coil is energized with a coil current or a coil voltage to switch the high-voltage contactor, and the high-voltage contactor is switched by a motion of the anchor, thus also changing the inductivity of the coil includes an interface for reading in a measurement value function for the generated coil voltage and/or for the generated coil current during the switching cycle of the high-voltage contactor; an analysis device for determining a motion information representing a travel distance of the anchor based on the measurement value function; and a comparison device for comparing the motion information with a threshold value information.

Abstract: A vehicular starter battery management system includes a detection unit, a processing unit, a control unit, a discharging circuit and a communication unit. The detection unit, the control unit, and the communication unit are coupled respectively with the processing unit. The discharging circuit is coupled with the control unit. The detection unit includes a static detection circuit and a dynamic detection circuit. The static detection circuit includes a micro current detection circuit, an anti-theft detection circuit and a static voltage detection circuit. The dynamic detection circuit includes a dynamic voltage detection circuit, a dynamic current detection circuit and a temperature detection circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying a health status of a contactor includes a processor coupled to a computer readable media. The processor is coupled to the contactor to instruct the contactor to open and close. A database stored in the computer readable media includes operation count variables for the contactor, closing time variables for the contactor, and health status rules for the contactor. The operation count variables and the closing time variables may be inputs to the health status rules to identify the health status of the contactor. A customization program may also be stored in the computer readable media. The customization program enables an operator to modify at least one of the operation count variables, the closing time variables, and the health status rules to affect the identified health status of the contactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling a door drive having a plurality of components which are communicatively connected to one another via a digital bus system, wherein at least one component is a safety component which reports the occurrence of a safety-relevant event over the data bus, and wherein the bus protocol reserves a cyclic safety phase for reporting a safety-relevant event and at least one component recognizes an undefined data transmission during the safety phase as a report of a safety-relevant event.

Abstract: Methods may be provided to control an electro-permanent magnetic device powered from an AC mains power source provided through first and second power lines of a controller, wherein a first switch is provided on the first power line between the AC mains power source and the electro-permanent magnetic device and a second switch is provided on the second power line between the AC main power source and the electro-permanent magnetic device. In particular, a sequence of switching pulses may be transmitted through the first and second switches to change a magnetic state of the electro-permanent magnetic device. Related controllers are also discussed.

Abstract: There is provided a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of a gas. The pressure gauge comprises a housing connectable to the gas source and comprising an interior which is, in use, in communication with said gas. The pressure gauge further comprising a sensor assembly located within said housing and including a piezoelectric oscillator which, in use, is located in contact with said gas, said sensor assembly being arranged to measure the oscillation frequency of said piezoelectric oscillator in said gas and configured to determine, from the frequency measurement and the known temperature and known molecular weight of the gas, the pressure of the gas. By providing such an arrangement, an overpressure proof yet accurate pressure gauge can be provided. This is in contrast to conventional gauges which are damaged permanently by overpressure situations.

Abstract: A unit for controlling one or more electromagnetic relays, each having a contact point and an exciting coil to which rated power is supplied so as to open and close the contact point, has a control circuit which carries out PWM control so as to keep an electromagnetic relay turned on, after turning on the electromagnetic relay by causing rated power to be supplied to an exciting coil of the electromagnetic relay, and a temperature detecting circuit that detects a resistance value of the exciting coil so as to allow the control circuit to calculate a temperature of the electromagnetic relay. The control circuit changes, depending on external information, a controlling value in accordance with which the PWM control is carried out with respect to the electromagnetic relay. The control circuit detects, from the temperature detecting circuit, a voltage corresponding to the resistance value of the exciting coil.

Abstract: There is provided a hydraulic pump startup control device in a hydraulic system, which avoids an overloaded state at startup to enable low-temperature, fast startup and maintaining of the temperature with low-cost means in order to improve low-temperature startability. A bypass path 19 is placed in parallel with a hydraulic main line from a hydraulic tank, and the downstream of the bypass path is made merged with the hydraulic main line. A bypass valve 3 that opens or closes the bypass path is provided in the bypass path, and a pressure sensor is provided in the inlet of a hydraulic unit in the hydraulic main line. Further, a control device 10 to which a pressure detection value in the hydraulic main line is input from the pressure sensor to open the bypass valve based on the pressure detection value upon startup of the hydraulic unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a protection module for a control and protective switching device, comprising a control power supply processing unit, an auxiliary power supply processing unit, a power supply converting unit, a signal processing and controlling unit, a trip electromagnet driving unit, a control electromagnet driving unit, and a man-machine interaction device. The control power supply processing unit and the auxiliary power supply processing unit receive a power supply signal from a high voltage power supply, and process the signal for supplying power for other components. The signal processing and controlling unit receives a mutual-induction signal from a current mutual inductor, outputs a first control signal and a second control signal to the trip electromagnet driving unit and the control electromagnet driving unit, and receives a first feedback signal and a second feedback signal from an operation mechanism and a control electromagnet.

Abstract: A voltage/current converting circuit is provided in a stage prior to a communication circuit. An over-current preventing circuit is incorporated into the voltage/current converting circuit. The voltage/current converting circuit converts a DC voltage signal into a DC electric current signal, and converts an AC voltage signal into an AC electric current signal. Moreover, the voltage/current converting circuit keeps the excessively large electric current that would flow into the internal circuitry thereof to no more than a predetermined electric current value (for example, no more than 30 mA) when the positioner is connected in error to the voltage source side without a load resistance connected.

Abstract: A reduced pressure treatment system includes a control unit having a control system and a reduced pressure source. The reduced pressure treatment system further includes a manifold unit in fluid communication with the reduced pressure source and a component module to augment treatment. The component module is configured to communicate with the control system of the control unit, and the component module includes a first mounting region configured to be coupled to a complimentary mounting region of the control unit. The component module further includes a second mounting region identical to the complimentary mounting region of the control unit to allow a second component module to be coupled to the first component module.

Abstract: An electronic device for predicting or anticipating a user's operational desires. The electronic device is ready to perform the anticipated function without input from the user by using sensors to sense environmental attributes. The sensors can include an ambient light sensor, a force sensor, a temperature sensor, an ambient noise sensor, and a motion sensor. The electronic device also includes a control mechanism for switching between modes for the device.

Abstract: A configurable, connectorized method and apparatus for driving a solenoid coil reduces energy consumption and heating of the solenoid coil, allows detection of the solenoid state, and simplifies connections to the solenoid.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided in which power control relay switches may be configured to switch at or near a predetermined time during an AC cycle and/or that are configured to control a velocity of an armature of the relay switch during switching. An input power source may provide alternating current (AC) power and a voltage or current level of the AC power may be sensed. A relay controller may switch the relay switch based on a time at which the voltage or current is at or near a zero-crossing. The relay controller may be configured to close the relay switch based on when a voltage of the power input is at a zero-crossing, and is configured to open the relay switch based on when a current of the power input is at a zero-crossing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for restoring a mechanical relay from a stuck fault to a normal condition. The method may include detecting, by an MCU, a short state or open state of a relay, repeatedly transferring, by the MCU, a current application signal and a current non-application signal to a relay driver when the relay is in the short state, repeating, by the relay driver, an operation of periodically applying an electric current from a power source unit to the relay in response to the current application signal and the current non-application signal so that the release of the contact point of the relay is induced, detecting, by the MCU, the release state of the contact point of the relay, and maintaining, by the MCU, an ECU in an operating state when the contact point of the relay is released.

Abstract: A control device for a solenoid valve that controls a solenoid valve included in a hydraulic control device using a control signal set through feedback control such that an actual current that flows through a solenoid of the solenoid valve matches a command current, including a command current setting device for setting the command current within a range of an upper-limit current. The command current setting device is operable for changing the upper-limit current from a first upper-limit value to a second upper-limit value that is smaller than the first upper-limit value in accordance with a reduction in voltage of a battery that supplies electric power to the solenoid.

Abstract: Safety relay circuit, in particular, comprising two series-connected or parallel-connected relay switches (k1, k2) in a load current circuit (LN). The relay switch (k1) is assigned a switch position indicator circuit (A1). An evaluation circuit compares the command input to the relay (k1) with the display of the indicator circuit (A1), so that any fault states that may occur at the relay switches can be detected.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for controlling a hood latch using an electrically actuated primary hood latch and an electrically actuated secondary hood latch. To open the hood of the vehicle, a person presses a hood release button. Before attempting to release either the primary hood latch or secondary hood latch, a determination is made whether a vehicle speed of the vehicle is below a minimum vehicle speed threshold. If the vehicle speed is below this threshold, both the primary electrical actuator for the primary hood latch and the secondary electrical actuator for the secondary hood latch are triggered, thereby releasing hood from a closed position into an open position. When the vehicle speed is above this vehicle speed threshold, only the primary electrical actuator for primary hood latch is triggered; leaving the hood in a partially open position held in place by the secondary hood latch.

Abstract: An opening/closing-body drive device is achieved, in which a malfunction, caused by the electrical contacts of the relay switch freezing, can be reliably prevented from occurring. The control unit 60 includes a freeze determiner 61 which determines that the relay switch(es) is frozen when an opening/closing-body drive motor 27a does not drive a specified amount in accordance with opening/closing operational conditions of a back door 3 and when the temperature of the control unit 60 that is detected by a temperature detector 80 is lower or equal to a predetermined value; and a freeze releaser 62 which releases a frozen state of the relay switch(es) by intermittently supplying electric current for a predetermined number of times to the relay switch(es) without supplying a drive current to said opening/closing-body drive motor 27a, when said freeze determiner 61 determines that the relay switch(es) is frozen.

Abstract: An electric charging apparatus and a failure determination method therefor are provided. In the electric charging apparatus, a relay allows a current to flow inside the electric charging apparatus by switching of a switch. An acceleration sensor detects a vibration of the relay and generating an acceleration sensing signal. A control unit receives the acceleration sensing signal from the acceleration sensor and detects failure of the electric charging apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device which can reduce possibility of generation of a secondary damage on an electronic circuit caused by a shock. A mobile telephone includes a case, an electronic circuit block mounted on the case, an acceleration sensor which measures an acceleration of the case, and a CPU. The CPU has a detection unit which detects a level of a shock applied to the case according to the acceleration value measured by the acceleration sensor and a control unit which limits electric communication to the electronic circuit block according to the detected shock level.

Abstract: A device control module for making a non-demand management system capable electrical device demand responsive to a demand management system includes a relay configured to be electrically connected to a power circuit of the electrical device to control power supply to a load device of the electrical device. The device control module includes a relay driver operated to open and close the relay and a controller operating the relay driver. The controller receives a demand state signal from the demand management system supplying power to the electrical device and operates the relay driver based on the demand state signal. The relay is configured to power off the load device of the electrical device irrespective of the main control operation of the electrical device.

Abstract: A reduced pressure treatment system includes a control unit having a control system and a reduced pressure source. The reduced pressure treatment system further includes a manifold unit in fluid communication with the reduced pressure source and a component module to augment treatment. The component module is configured to communicate with the control system of the control unit, and the component module includes a first mounting region configured to be coupled to a complimentary mounting region of the control unit. The component module further includes a second mounting region identical to the complimentary mounting region of the control unit to allow a second component module to be coupled to the first component module.

Abstract: A generator protection device is provided. The generator protection device includes a safety factor estimation module configured to estimate a safety factor as a function of a terminal voltage (VS) of a source-end generator, and a swing center voltage (SCV) between the source-end generator and a receiving-end generator. The system further includes a comparison module configured to compare the estimated safety factor with a defined safety threshold limit, and a decision module configured to trigger an alarm or a generator circuit breaker trip action or both, based on the comparison between the estimated safety factor and the defined safety threshold limit.

Abstract: A system and methods providing for minimizing the arc energy delivered to the pads of a plurality of contactors using a single control coil based on monitoring the electrical sine waves of the three alternating current electrical poles and calculating the instant to energize or deenergize a single control coil. The remainder of the contactors will make or break based on an offset in time from the making or breaking of the control contactor.

Abstract: In a method for operating a tank device of a motor vehicle having a tank and a valve which is adjustable by a driver stage connected to an energy supply, the valve is closed in response to an ascertained fault. Based on the fault, two output signals are formed for closing the valve: one of the output signals represents a relay signal and interrupts the energy supply to the driver stage.

Abstract: A relay for automatically selecting a monitoring range for monitoring a parameter of an input source and a method for monitoring a parameter of an input source can be provided whereby the relay comprises one or more terminals for coupling to the input source; a plurality of switchable circuits coupled to the one or more terminals; a processing module coupled to the plurality of switchable circuits for automatically selecting a monitoring range from a plurality of monitoring ranges based on a value of the parameter of the input source, each monitoring range associated with one or more of said switchable circuits; and a relay switch being configured to provide or disrupt electrical communication to a circuit, based on a trigger signal provided by the processing module. A signal conditioning module may also be provided for e.g. conditioning signals prior to selection of the monitoring range.