Abstract: Cleaning and/or conditioning electrode surfaces can provide significant performance and operational benefits in EHD devices. In particular, conditioning of emitter electrode surfaces with silver (Ag), silver compositions or silver preparations applied in situ at successive times throughout the operating lifetime of an EHD air mover has been found to significantly reduce ozone production. Structures and techniques are described for in situ conditioning electrode surfaces and, in particular, emitter electrode surfaces of an EHD device such as an air mover or precipitator, with a conditioning material that includes silver.

Abstract: There is provided an electrostatic roller apparatus comprising a body including: a first body portion and a second body portion; the first body portion including an electrostatic generating sub-assembly; a roller applicator and a support structure, the support structure having a first end and a second end, the first end being configured to rotatably mount the roller applicator thereupon and the second end being configured to be coupled with the second body portion.

Abstract: A method of inducing a high efficiency conductive state at room temperature within a conductive mass (1) by injecting a complex modulated carrier signal (7) into one or more injection points (2,3) whereby the carrier signal and the subharmonic modulation frequencies (4,5,6) which are imbedded in the modulation of the carrier signal are tuned to the mass lattice qualities of the material. The amplitude and phase relationship of each individual subharmonic frequencies (4,5,6) are respectively tuned to the mass lattice qualities of the conductive mass (1). This method of excitation, with precise matching of subharmonic modulation frequencies, and with a precise matching concordant harmonic of the carrier frequency, creates an observed ionic excitation throughout the conductive mass (1) at room temperature.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, systems and or methods may be provided to transport electrical energy from a first location having an electrical energy source to a second location, remote from the first location and having a load to accept electrical energy. A first pipeline between the first and second locations may include a first chamber containing a cathodic fluid. A second pipeline between the first and second locations may include a second chamber containing an anodic fluid, and at least of a portion of said first and second pipelines include a contiguous area. A membrane may separate the cathodic and anodic fluids at said contiguous area to exchange electrical energy between said fluids and create an electrochemical storage cell across said membrane. By utilizing additional alternating layers of said electrolyte, casing and membrane multiple cells may be created.

Abstract: A multi-sectional linear ionizing bar with at least four elements is disclosed. First, disclosed bars may include at least one ionization cell with at least one axis-defining linear ion emitter for establishing an ion cloud along the length thereof. Second, disclosed bars may include at least one reference electrode. Third, disclosed bars may include a manifold for receiving gas or air from a source and for delivering same past the linear emitter(s) such that substantially none of the gas/air flows into the ion cloud. Fourth, disclosed bars may include means for receiving the ionizing voltage and for delivering same to the linear emitter(s) to thereby establish the ion cloud. In this way, disclosed ionizing bars may transport ions from the plasma region toward a charge neutralization target without inducing substantial vibration of the linear emitter and without substantial contaminants from the gas/air flow reaching the linear emitter.

Abstract: Provided is an electrifying roller which may be used in a contact electrification method, which may be manufactured more easily, and which may better prevent problems caused by an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing an insulated electrode comprising a conductive material coated with an electrically insulating material. The method includes at least the following steps of: forming a mold in an electrically insulating material, the mold including at least one channel, the mold being adapted to confine a conductive material, introducing the conductive material in a liquid state into the channel of the mold, the conductive material having a melting point that is lower than the melting point of the electrically insulating material.

Abstract: By means of a series of parameters taken by the plurality of sensors, the system of the invention makes it possible, via a central control unit provided with complementary programming firmware, to activate an electric-field compensating device (7) whenever there is a risk of lightning discharging over the wind turbine, in such a manner that, in the contrary case, said device remains inoperative. The electric-field compensating device (7) is associated not only with the nacelle (2) but also with the tower (1) and the blades (4) in such a manner that, between the rotor (3) and the nacelle unit (2) there is a first pair of rings (14), which are conducting, concentric and the dielectric of which is air, whilst, in the lower zone of the nacelle unit (2) there is a second pair of conducting rings (15) with similar features.

Abstract: A coil system for a burner management system and coil housing is provided having recessed terminals and a housing lid to cover the terminal recesses for reducing exposure of coil system terminals to air and unwanted contacts.

Abstract: Systems and methods for rapidly atomizing and dispensing electrostatically atomized insecticides and similar low electrical conductivity active materials without the use of VOCs. The active materials are dispensed via insertion of a disposable cartridge in a dispensing apparatus. The dispensing apparatus is hand actuated and the exhausted cartridge is minimized to the size of a wad of chewing gum and it is doubly sealed to prevent any residual active material from leaking into the environment. Spray flow and configuration may be user selectable.

Abstract: An ion implanter includes a platen having a clamping surface configured to support a wafer for treatment with ions, the platen also having at least one pair of electrodes under the clamping surface, a clamping power supply configured to provide an AC signal to the at least one pair of electrodes and a sensed signal representative of the AC signal, and a controller. The controller is configured to receive the sensed signal from the clamping power supply when no wafer is clamped to the clamping surface. The controller is further configured to monitor the sensed signal and determine if the sensed signal is representative of deposits on the clamping surface exceeding a predetermined deposit threshold.

Abstract: A method of charging insulative material includes applying a high voltage to a conductive plastic having a uniform resistance throughout. Insulative material is placed in proximity to, or in contact with, the conductive plastic, thereby charging the insulative material. Further, a device for placing charge on an object proximate to the device includes a conductive plastic having a uniform resistance throughout. A high voltage power supply has an output coupled to the conductive plastic.

Abstract: A target supply device is provided that may include a pair of rails arranged to face each other, the rails having electrically conductive properties, a target transport mechanism configured to supply a target material into a space between the rails and in contact with the rails, and a power supply connected to the rails and configured to supply a current to the target material through the rails. Methods and systems using the target supply device are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-sectional linear ionizing bar with at least four elements is disclosed. First, disclosed bars may include at least one ionization cell with at least one axis-defining linear ion emitter for establishing an ion cloud along the length thereof. Second, disclosed bars may include at least one reference electrode. Third, disclosed bars may include a manifold for receiving gas or air from a source and for delivering same past the linear emitter(s) such that substantially none of the gas/air flows into the ion cloud. Fourth, disclosed bars may include means for receiving the ionizing voltage and for delivering same to the linear emitter(s) to thereby establish the ion cloud. In this way, disclosed ionizing bars may transportions from the plasma region toward a charge neutralization target without inducing substantial vibration of the linear emitter and without substantial contaminants from the gas/air flow reaching the linear emitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extractor apparatus (10), in particular a laboratory extractor apparatus, with a working area (13) and with a fan arrangement (26) for generating an air flow (27) or an inlet opening for an air flow (27) for the removal of gases and/or particles from the working area (13) and with at least one surface bordering the working area (13). The extractor apparatus (10) has charging means (30) for ionising the air flow (27) and/or for electrostatic charging of at least one surface.

Abstract: Conditioning an electrode is performed with a cleaning device for removing detrimental material from forming electrode surfaces of an electrohydrodynamic device or other ion flow generating device. A conditioning material is deposited on the electrode to at least partially mitigate erosion, corrosion, oxidations, dendrite formation on the electrode or ozone production. The conditioning material can be deposited by a wearable portion of one or more cleaning blocks or wipers. The cleaning blocks may have a composition selected to be hard enough to remove detrimental material under a selected pressure, while soft enough to be wearable to deposit a conditioning layer on the electrode surface. The conditioning material can be applied as a solid or liquid. The applied conditioning material can include at least one of silver, palladium, platinum, manganese, nickel, zirconium, titanium, tungsten, aluminum, oxides or alloys thereof, carbon, and organometallic materials that decompose under plasma conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing flame radiation includes a flame charging system and an electrically isolated electrode. A time-varying voltage is applied to the flame charging system and the flame charging system imparts a corresponding time-varying charge or time-varying voltage onto the flame. The flame responds to the time-varying charge or voltage by increasing its luminosity.

Abstract: An arrangement for the exposure of a pumpable medium to an electric field. The arrangement comprises, at least two power supplies (100) for the generation of electrical voltage, at least one non-conducting chamber (102) for pumping said pumpable medium, which said at least one chamber (102) is provided with a first (106) and a second electrode plate (108), a control means (104) for controlling said at least two power supplies (100). During control the control means (104), by synchronous control, establishes a series connection between at least two of said at least two power supplies (100), the first electrode plate (106) and the second electrode plate (108). A resulting composite voltage arises between the first (106) and the second electrode plate (108), which resulting composite voltage will result in an electric field between the first (106) and the second electrode plate (108). The pumpable medium is exposed to the electric field.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there are systems and methods to impart an electrostatic charge to particles. An exemplary method can include providing a plurality of particles to be charged and providing a plurality of nanostructures disposed over a first electrode array, the first electrode array including a plurality of electrodes spaced apart. The method can also include providing a multi-phase voltage source operatively coupled to the first electrode array and applying a multi-phase voltage to the first electrode array to create a traveling electric field between each electrode of the first electrode array, thereby causing electron emission from the plurality of nanostructures and forming a plurality of charged particles. The method can further include transporting each of the plurality of charged particles using the traveling electric field onto a surface.

Abstract: An electrostatic charger includes a discharge electrode which has a long shape and a housing. The housing has a U-shaped cross section in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the discharge electrode, receives the discharge electrode and supports the discharge electrode in a direction such that a tip portion thereof is disposed on an open face side. The housing includes a first member and a second member separated from each other at a border that includes an electrode-supporting section supporting the discharge electrode, and the first member and the second member are attachable to and detachable from each other.

Abstract: Cleaning and/or conditioning electrode surfaces can provide significant performance and operational benefits in EHD devices. In particular, conditioning of emitter electrode surfaces with silver (Ag), silver compositions or silver preparations applied in situ at successive times throughout the operating lifetime of an EHD air mover has been found to significantly reduce ozone production. Structures and techniques are described for in situ conditioning electrode surfaces and, in particular, emitter electrode surfaces of an EHD device such as an air mover or precipitator, with a conditioning material that includes silver.

Abstract: The disclosed is a method for attaching a charging wire. At first, a first end of a charging wire is locked to a wire locking portion of a process frame, and portion of a torsion spring shaped wire electrode is engaged with a second end of the charging wire. Thereafter, a coil portion of the wire electrode is attached to a coil support portion of the process frame in a state in which a tension less than a set value is applied to the charging wire. Thereafter, a second spring leg portion of the wire electrode is moved to a fixed position fixed to an electrode support portion of the process frame in a direction in which a deformation amount of the wire electrode increases, without exceeding the fixed position in the first direction.

Abstract: An ozone generating apparatus having high reliability in which a glass tube can prevent from being damaged by melting a power feeding brush even if a large amount of short-circuit current flows. In an ozone generating apparatus using silent discharge, an alternating high voltage power is supplied from a power supply to a metal film formed in an inner wall of a glass tube by a power feeding brush comprising a brush shaft made of metal and a large number of metal thin wires fixed to the periphery of the brush shaft, the following equation satisfies. (D2/D1)?1/{1+(1/20?)}, wherein ‘D1’ indicates an outer diameter of a bundle of metal thin wires, ‘D2’ indicates an outer diameter of the brush shaft and ‘?’ indicates the line density of metal thin wires on a surface of the brush shaft.

Abstract: A voltage application device of an embodiment applies a voltage between a first and second electrode disposed separately from each other in an airflow generation device, which is disposed on a rotation blade of a rotation apparatus, in which a rotation shaft of the rotation blade is held rotatably by a holding part. In the voltage application device of the embodiment, a voltage output unit outputs a voltage. Then, a sliding type transmission unit having electrodes disposed respectively on the rotation blade side and the holding part side of the rotation shaft transmits a voltage outputted from the voltage output unit from the holding part side to the rotation blade side. Then, a transformation unit disposed on the rotation blade side increases the voltage transmitted by the sliding type transmission unit and outputs the voltage to the airflow generation device.

Abstract: A target supply unit may include: a target storage unit for storing a target material thereinside; a target output unit having a through-hole formed therein, through which the target material stored inside the target storage unit is outputted; an electrode having a through-hole formed therein arranged to face the target output unit, the electrode being coated with an electrically conductive material at least on a part of a surface facing the target output unit; and a voltage generator for applying a voltage between the target material and the electrode.

Abstract: A charging apparatus that may be applied to a process of bonding a large-sized plate-shaped member as air bubbles is prevented from mixing. A charging apparatus includes a plurality of holding members (4, 5) for holding a pair of plate-shaped members (2, 3) in a state the major surface of the paired plate-shaped members (2, 3) will face each other, and a movement member (6) that causes the holding members (4, 5) to be moved towards and away from each other. The charging apparatus also includes an emission nozzle (10) adapted to be introduced between the plate-shaped members (2, 3), arranged facing each other, to emit a charging liquid (7) into the gap between the plate-shaped members (2, 3). The charging apparatus also includes a nozzle movement unit (11) for causing movement of the emission nozzle (10) in an in-plane direction of the plate-shaped members (2, 3).

Abstract: There is provided an electrostatic roller apparatus comprising a body including: a first body portion and a second body portion; the first body portion including an electrostatic generating sub-assembly; a roller applicator and a support structure, the support structure having a first end and a second end, the first end being configured to rotatably mount the roller applicator thereupon and the second end being configured to be coupled with the second body portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of electron spin EPR pairs and manipulation of such entangled electrons. The invention comprises a static quantum dot located part way along a quantum wire with means for adjusting the confining potential of the quantum dot. The quantum wire may for instance be formed by gate electrode (4, 6) with the quantum dot formed by a further gate electrode (8). The invention also comprises means for generating a electrostatic wave propagating along the wire, such as a surface acoustic wave transducer (10). In use a pair of electrons may be loaded into the static quantum dot and allowed to relax to a singlet ground state, in which the electrons are spin entangled. The propagating electrostatic wave acts as a series of quantum dots moving along the quantum wire.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide methods, materials and devices for a corona charging. Specifically, carbon nanotube yarns can be used as corona wires (or coronode) in a corotron-type or scorotron-type charging device. The carbon nanotube yarns can provide small diameters, and desired electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. The carbon nanotube yarns can have a diameter of about 100 microns or less for a low operating voltage of the charging device.

Abstract: An improved grounding brush system for mitigating electrical current on a moving object such as a rotating shaft includes an electrically conductive layer applied to the object and associated with a brush assembly for conducting electrical current from the moving object to ground.

Abstract: A thermal management apparatus includes an electrohydrodynamic fluid accelerator in which an emitter electrode and another electrode are energizable to motivate fluid flow. One of the electrodes includes a solid solution formed of a solvent metal having a first performance characteristic and a solute material having a second performance characteristic. The first and second performance characteristics are exhibited substantially independently in the electrode as the solvent metal and solute material remain substantially pure within the solid solution. A method of making an EHD product includes providing an electrode with such a solid solution and positioning the electrode relative to another electrode to motivate fluid flow when energized.

Abstract: An ion generating element of the present invention includes a discharge electrode and an inductive electrode, both of which are provided so as to face each other with a dielectric body sandwiched therebetween, and a heater electrode which warms the ion generating element by Joule heat produced because of a passage of an electrical current. A distance between the discharge electrode and the heater electrode is larger than that between the discharge electrode and the inductive electrode, and further a shield electrode having a connection for ground is provided between the heater electrode and the inductive electrode on a surface of the dielectric body at a side on which the inductive electrode is provided. Hence, it is possible to prevent a leak to the heater electrode at low cost, while giving consideration towards safety.

Abstract: Provided is an electrifying roller which may be used in a contact electrification method, which may be manufactured more easily, and which may better prevent problems caused by an electrically conductive material. Provided is an electrifying roller (10), (20) of the present invention has a shaft (1), an elastic layer (2) formed on the periphery of the shaft (1), and a surface layer (3) formed on the periphery surface of the elastic layer (2), wherein the elastic layer (2) is formed by an ultraviolet curing resin, and the surface layer is formed by a heat curing resin. it is preferred that the thickness of said elastic layer (2) be 0.9 to 1.3 mm and that the shaft (1) be a hollow cylinder or solid cylinder made of metal.

Abstract: A method of operating an electric fence energiser, including the steps of: storing energy in an energy storage element, and transferring energy from the energy storage element to an inductive element, the method characterised by the steps of using a rectifying element to prevent the transfer of energy from the inductive element into a load on the output of the energiser while the transfer of energy from the energy storage element to the inductive element occurs, and releasing the energy held by the inductive element once an energy threshold on the inductive element has been reached.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an air current generating apparatus includes: a dielectric substrate exposed to gas: a first electrode disposed inside the dielectric substrate; a second electrode disposed near a surface of the dielectric so as to correspond the first electrode and having a sharp shape; and a power source applying a voltage between the first and second electrodes and plasmatizing part of the gas to generate an air current.

Abstract: An electrostatic atomizer equipped with an electrostatic atomization pole having superior resistance to migration. The atomizer includes an electrostatic atomization pole, a liquid supply mechanism that supplies the pole with liquid, and a power supply that supplies the pole with high voltage to electrostatically atomize the liquid held on the pole. A coating is formed on the surface of the pole, and the coating is formed of simple metal or alloy, which displays resistance to migration.

Abstract: An electrostatically atomizing device comprises an emitter electrode, an opposed electrode, cooling means for condensing water on the emitter electrode, and a high voltage source; and high voltage is applied to the condensed water so that minute water particles are discharged from a discharge end at a tip of the emitter electrode. The device comprises a controller for causing the charged minute water particles to be discharged stably. The controller has an initial control mode and a normal control mode. In the initial mode, the cooling means is controlled so as to cool the emitter electrode at a predetermined cooling rate. Once discharge current reaches into a predetermined target discharge current range, the cooling means is controlled by feedback control, on the basis of the value of the discharge current, in such a manner that the discharge current is kept within the target discharge current range.

Abstract: Provided are methods of printing a pattern of charge on a substrate surface, such as by electrohydrodynamic (e-jet) printing. The methods relate to providing a nozzle containing a printable fluid, providing a substrate having a substrate surface and generating from the nozzle an ejected printable fluid containing net charge. The ejected printable fluid containing net charge is directed to the substrate surface, wherein the net charge does not substantially degrade and the net charge retained on the substrate surface. Also provided are functional devices made by any of the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A method for increasing the ESD pulse stability of an electrical component is disclosed. An electrical component is pre-aged by means of an aging pulse generated by a pulse generator. The degradation of an electrical characteristic curve of the component by ESD pulses that occur during operation of the electrical component is improved by the pre-aging.

Abstract: A neutralization apparatus comprising an ion generation element employing a novel, high efficiency discharge system capable of generating high concentration ions with a low ozone concentration. In the neutralization apparatus, the ion generation element is a minute electrode ion generation element consisting of a discharge electrode and an induction electrode having minute protrusions arranged in one direction on a plane, and a thin dielectric film sandwiched between them.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing an insulated electrode comprising a conductive material coated with an electrically insulating material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a charging member in which a toner, an additive for use in the toner, or the like is hard to adhere to the surface even under repeated use for a long time, and hence the charging and image output are made stable for a long time even if the charging member is used in the DC contact charging method, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member. The present invention provides a charging member comprising a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer, characterized in that the surface layer contains a polysiloxane having a fluoroalkyl group and an oxyalkylene group, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member.

Abstract: An electron emitting element of the present invention includes: an electrode substrate; a thin-film electrode; and an electron acceleration layer sandwiched between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode, the electron acceleration layer including (1) conductive fine particles, (ii) insulating fine particles having an average particle diameter greater than an average particle diameter of the conductive fine particles, and (iii) a crystalline electron transport agent. The crystalline electron transport agent is crystallized in the acceleration layer.

Abstract: An electrode is provided that is adapted to both pierce a barrier and providing an over-air discharge of electrical energy. In this regard, an over air discharge of electrical energy may be provided to an opposing side of a barrier. In one arrangement, the electrode includes a tapered point, which may be a hardened material, to facilitate piercing a barrier. In a further arrangement, the electrode incorporates an insulative shaft. In this arrangement, the insulative shaft electrically isolates a conductor of the electrode from a conductive barrier. Accordingly, the electrode may be utilized to pierce metallic enclosures and provide an electrical discharge for the purpose of altering the operation of electronic device within such enclosures.

Abstract: A particle charger with sheath air flow for enhancing charging efficiency includes a housing and a discharge wire. The housing has a charging chamber for accommodating the discharge wire, a particle inlet, a sheath air inlet, an outlet and an accelerating channel. A clean sheath air is guided through the sheath air inlet into the charging chamber to surround charged particles, reducing deposition of charged particles on the inside wall of the housing. A relatively small annular gap of accelerating channel accelerates the charged particles to exit the particle charger, and therefore minimized the particle electrostatic loss due to depositing on the inner surface of the housing. Additionally, uncharged particles approach the discharge wire axially, and charged particles move away radially. It is helpful for the charged particles to diffuse rapidly and uniformly, thereby enhancing the charging efficiency.

Abstract: A system for the recovery and use of the electrostatic charge present in the atmosphere during storms generated by lightning, transforming natural energy into electrical energy useful for consumption, and providing the necessary protection for lives and property against electro-atmospheric phenomena, has an ecological lightning conductor, an electrical conductor connected by one end to the low-frequency electrode of the lightning conductor, and an enhanced intelligent earth wire, whereto the conductor is joined by its other end. The conductor includes a series of probes and magnetic field detectors which will send information to the microprocessor and from there to the mainframe computer. The control device allows regulation of the earth resistance, thereby generating more or less charge, diverting the energy to the accumulators or to earth through dissipator electrodes.

Abstract: A system and method of reducing the introduction of foreign material to wafers. A system includes an enclosure structured and arranged to carry wafers used in semiconductor device manufacturing, and an attractive material arranged as at least a portion of an interior surface of the enclosure.

Abstract: A power supply having an electrostatic circuit producing sufficient ionic motion to move ambient air over heated surfaces. The electrostatic circuit creates a corona discharge from several emitter point sources producing sufficient ionic motion to move ambient air over a hot surface, such as a heatsink or heatfins, which surface is in communication with the power supply housing. A high DC voltage is generated within the power supply when the power supply is energized to create the ionic motion.

Abstract: An electrostatically atomizing device capable of instantly giving an electrostatically atomizing effect without requiring a water tank. The electrostatically atomizing device includes an emitter electrode, an opposed electrode opposed to the emitter electrode, a water feeder configured to give water on the emitter electrode, and a high voltage source configured to apply a high voltage across said emitter electrode and said opposed electrode to electrostatically charge the water on the emitter electrode for spraying charged minute water particles from a discharge end of the emitter electrode. The water feeder is configured to condense the water on the emitter electrode from within the surrounding air, enabling to supply the water on the emitter electrode in a short time without relying upon an additional water tank. Thus, an atomization of the charged minute water particles can be obtained immediately upon use of the device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dynamically defending a site from lightning strikes are provided. The systems and methods involve dynamically altering electrostatic fields above the site and/or dynamically intervening in lightning discharges processes in the vicinity of the site.