Abstract: An output circuit is provided, including: a positive polarity voltage signal supplying circuit to supply or block the supply of a positive polarity voltage signal having a voltage higher than a reference power source voltage to a first node; a negative polarity voltage signal supplying circuit to supply or block the supply of a negative polarity voltage signal having a voltage lower than the reference power source voltage to a second node; a first switch of which a source is connected to the first node and a drain is connected to a first output terminal; a second switch of which a source is connected to the second node and a drain is connected to the first output terminal; and third and fourth switches; a first and a second voltage control circuits respectively performing on-off control of the first and second switches.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device including a rectifying bridge including: a branch connected between first and second nodes; another branch including first and second MOS transistors series-connected between the first and second nodes and having their sources coupled together; a resistor connecting the gate of the first transistor to the second node; another resistor connecting the gate of the second transistor and the first node; and for each transistor, a circuit including first and second terminals respectively connected to the drain and to the gate of the transistor, and being configured to electrically couple its first and second terminals when a voltage between the first terminal of the circuit and the first terminal of the other circuit is greater than a threshold of the circuit.

Abstract: When a voltage signal is input to input terminals as a positive voltage, the voltage conversion circuit generates a control voltage proportional to an input voltage by a voltage-dividing circuit according to resistance elements, a voltage follower circuit according to an operational amplifier, and a voltage-dividing circuit according to resistance elements. When a voltage signal is input to the input terminals as a negative voltage, since the operational amplifier outputs a power supply voltage according to an input of the negative voltage, the voltage conversion circuit generates a predetermined positive voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage by the resistance elements as the control voltage. The predetermined positive voltage is higher than a voltage range of the control voltage when the voltage signal is input as the positive voltage.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device is disclosed, which integrated circuit device comprises at least a first external contact, a second external contact, and an input stage, connected with the external contacts and being configured to provide an internal operating voltage when an external voltage is applied to the external contacts. To allow easier handling at manufacture, test, assembly, and end use, the internal operating voltage has a predefined polarity, which predefined polarity is independent of the polarity of the external voltage.

Abstract: A control system for controlling operation of main and secondary drive units in a web winder system to provide tension control of a continuous material web is disclosed. The control system causes the main drive unit to operate in a velocity mode to set a linear velocity of the continuous material web. The control system receives inputs from tension and speed detectors in the web winder system that detect a tension and speed of the continuous material web and causes the secondary drive unit to operate in a modified torque regulated closed-loop tension control mode so as to control a tension in the web material, with the control system causing the secondary drive unit to operate according to a torque regulated closed-loop tension control mode and integrate a speed feedback loop into the torque regulated closed-loop tension control mode so as to introduce active damping into the tension control.

Abstract: The roller-to-roller conveyance control apparatus includes an amplitude target setting unit that sets an amplitude target value of the tension deviation; an adjustment execution command generation unit that provides a command to adjust the control gain; an adjustment manipulated-variable output unit that outputs an adjustment manipulated variable; a manipulated-variable amplitude determination unit that increases the amplitude of the adjustment manipulated variable until the amplitude of the tension deviation becomes larger than the amplitude target value; and a control-gain calculation device that calculates the control gain from the amplitude and the vibration period of the tension deviation. A tension-shaft speed controller controls a tension-control-shaft motor on the basis of the line speed reference and the adjustment manipulated variable during the adjustment of the control gain.

Abstract: A description is given of a method for charge reversal of a circuit part of an integrated circuit from a first electrical potential to a second electrical potential of a first voltage network. In this case, the circuit part is connected to the first voltage network for charge reversal. Furthermore, the circuit part is connected to a second voltage network for charge reversal, said second voltage network providing a third electrical potential between the first and the second electrical potential. The circuit part is automatically isolated from the second voltage network before its electrical potential reaches the second electrical potential.

Abstract: A transistor active bridge circuit (100) including first and second field-effect transistors (102, 104) of a first channel type, and third and fourth field-effect transistors (106, 108) of a second channel type that is different from the first channel type. The transistor active bridge circuit also includes a plurality of gate drive circuits for the field-effect transistors. A set of voltage dividers (110/112, 114/116, 118/120, 122/124) and/or voltage clamping devices (126, 128, 130, 132) permit the circuit (100) to efficiently operate over a wider range of input voltages, without potential damage to the gate drive circuits.

Abstract: In one general aspect, an apparatus can include a polarity insensitive input coupled to a gate of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) device. The MOSFET device can have a gate dielectric rating greater than twenty-five volts. The apparatus can also include a fixed polarity output coupled to a source of the MOSFET device.

Abstract: A field device interface module includes a connector, a plurality of terminals, a protocol interface module, a controller and a power supply module. The connector is configured to operably couple to a computer. The terminals are operably coupleable to a field device. The protocol interface module is coupled to the plurality of terminals and configured to generate signals in accordance with a process communication protocol. A power supply module is coupled to the plurality of terminals. The controller is coupled to the protocol interface module and to the power supply module and is configured to measure a voltage across the plurality of terminals and selectively cause the power supply module to provide power to the field device.

Abstract: An apparatus for disinfecting a fluid has a fluid-containing structure; an inward-facing first electrically conductive cylindrical body contained within said fluid-containing structure; an outward-facing electrically conductive-second cylindrical body disposed within said first cylindrical body, in mutually facing parallel and coaxial relation thereto, and spaced apart therefrom to define a fluid-occupiable cavity; a power supply electrically coupled between said first cylindrical body and said second cylindrical body, said power supply producing therebetween an electric field, said field comprising a waveform approximating a series of alternating square wave pulses of opposite polarity, said pulses having a maximum absolute value of approximately 60 volts per centimeter, a complete cycle of said waveform, comprising a first pulse and a succeeding pulse of opposite polarity, recurring with a frequency of between about 2 kHz: and about 5 kHz and providing about 2 amps to about 4 amps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control circuit and a corresponding method for controlling MOSFETs coupled to the control circuit. The MOSFETs are coupled to a load to couple the load to a power supply, or the MOSFETs are coupled to a generator. In case of inverted polarity, the control circuit switches the MOSFETs to their conducting state to prevent damaging the MOSFETs.

Abstract: An automatic pole includes a mechanical push device and a circuit board device electric-connected with each other. The mechanical push device includes a magnetic inductance device, a contact device, and a housing. The circuit board device comprises a control circuit and an internal cell. The control circuit includes a first optoelectronic coupler and a second optoelectronic coupler electric-connected with each other, and a first transistor which base is connected to the first optoelectronic coupler and a second transistor which base is connected to the second optoelectronic coupler.

Abstract: A video system including a circuit for automatically correcting reversed polarity in a polarity sensitive system. The system includes a video camera, a camera controller for controlling the video camera, a transmission medium for communicating a polarity sensitive signal between the video camera and the camera controller, and a polarity correction circuit configured to detect an incorrect polarity in the polarity sensitive signal. The polarity correction circuit includes a polarity controller to provide an inversion signal in response to incorrect polarity, and an inversion circuit which inverts the incorrect polarity in response to the inversion signal. In another aspect of the invention, the video system is configured to automatically correct the reversal of transmit and receive wires.

Abstract: An exemplary charger control circuit includes an input port having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, an electrode control circuit, and an output port having a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The input port is connected to a source of power. The output port is connected to a load. The electrode switching circuit detects the electrode polarity of the input port and the output port for selectively coupling the positive terminals and the negative terminals of the two ports, and protecting the electrical equipment.

Abstract: A transistor active bridge circuit (100) provides operation and protection for devices from the effects of battery polarity reversal. The circuit includes first and second field-effect transistors (102, 104) of a first channel type, and third and fourth field-effect transistors (106, 108) of a second channel type that is different from the first channel type. A set of voltage dividers (110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124) and voltage clamping devices (126, 128, 130, 132) permit the circuit (100) to efficiently operate over a wider range of input voltages, without potential damage to the field-effect transistors.

Abstract: A wiring fault correction circuit for determining wiring conditions of an AC supply system includes: input line and neutral conductors connectable to the AC supply system; output line and neutral conductors connectable to a load; first, second, third, and fourth single pole, single throw relays; a first driver circuit for controlling the first and second single pole, single throw relays to respectively connect the input line conductor to the output line conductor and the input neutral conductor to the output neutral conductor in response to a correctly wired AC supply system; and a second driver circuit for controlling the third and fourth single pole, single throw relays to respectively connect the input line conductor to the output neutral conductor and the input neutral conductor to the output line conductor in response to an incorrectly wired AC supply system in which line and neutral conductors are reversed.

Abstract: In a method for operating an electronic battery-powered hearing instrument, the following steps are performed: providing primary function means with power from the battery via a first power supply terminal and a second power supply terminal, and via a rectifier circuit for providing a positive supply voltage and a negative supply voltage regardless of the polarity of the battery relative to the first and second power supply terminal, inferring the status of an input means, wherein a first terminal of the input means is electrically connected to the first power supply terminal, and a second terminal, of the input means is electrically connected to an input line, from an input voltage, that is, a voltage of the input line. A programming device for a hearing instrument according to the invention and a method for operating a programming device are adapted to the possibility of the hearing aid having an inverted power supply.

Abstract: Output stage and related method applied to source driver/chip of LCD panel. While performing dot polarization inversion for even/odd channels of LCD panel, n-channel and p-channel MOS transistors of symmetric layout are respectively adopted for alternately transmitting a positive polarization signal of higher swing range and a negative polarization signal of lower swing range from corresponding drivers of asymmetric layout to the even/odd channels, such that a layout area for alternating polarizations can be reduced. Also, the invention directly ties inputs of the output drivers to VDD or VSS so as to turn off the drivers for providing high impedance at the even/odd channels when necessary.

Abstract: For suppressing arc discharges in a plasma process, a method includes monitoring of at least one parameter of the plasma process, determining a temporal feature of a first countermeasure and performing the first countermeasure. The temporal feature is determined as a function of, for example, at least one of an interval in time from at least one previous countermeasure, a development of the at least one parameter since a relevant time of introduction of the countermeasure, or since a variable period of time ahead of the relevant time of introduction of the countermeasure, and a differentiation as to whether a previous countermeasure was triggered based on the behavior of the at least one parameter, or based on the interval in time from at least one previous countermeasure.

Abstract: A transistor active bridge circuit (400) rectifies domestic AC mains (for example, 120V, 60 Hz) and/or foreign AC mains (for example, 230V, 50 Hz) with low power loss. The circuit includes first and second field effect transistors (102, 104) of a first channel type, and third and fourth field effect transistors (106, 108) of a second channel type that is different from the first channel type. A set of voltage dividers (110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124) and voltage clamping devices (126, 128, 130, 132) permit the circuit (400) to efficiently operate over a wider range of input voltages, without potential damage to the field effect transistors. Shoot-through protection devices (420, 430) provide a means for preventing the first and second field effect transistors (102, 104) from conducting simultaneously. Shoot-through protection devices (440, 450) provide a means for preventing the third and fourth field effect transistors (106, 108) from conducting simultaneously.

Abstract: A driving voltage output circuit is provided for selectively outputting a positive driving voltage and a negative driving voltage. The driving voltage includes: an amplifier which amplifies and outputs, as a driving voltage, a selectively input positive or negative input signal; and a power supply voltage switching circuit which switches a power supply voltage to be supplied to the amplifier according to a polarity of the input signal.

Abstract: A reverse polarity protected system comprises a voltage source that includes positive and negative terminals. A polarity-sensitive device has a first terminal that communicates with the positive terminal of the voltage source, and that includes a second terminal. A low-resistance switch communicates with the first and second terminals of the voltage source, and communicates with the second terminal of the polarity-sensitive device. The low-resistance switch assumes a conducting state between the second terminal of the polarity-sensitive device and the negative terminal of the voltage source when a first voltage at the positive terminal of the voltage source minus a second voltage at the negative terminal of the voltage source is greater than a threshold voltage. Otherwise, the low-resistance switch assumes a non-conducting state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switching device comprising programmable compensation means which are associated with the input/output connections for inverting the polarity of the input/output connections when said connections present a polarity inversion which is inherent in the conception of the circuits.

Abstract: A polarity correction circuit including a polarity controller and an inversion circuit. The polarity controller is configured to detect an incorrect polarity in a polarity sensitive signal and provide inversion signal in response to the incorrect polarity. The inversion circuit inverts the polarity sensitive signal in response to the inversion signal. A video system consistent including a polarity correction circuit consistent with the invention, and a circuit for correcting mis-wiring of transmit and receive connections are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hard disk drive system having overvoltage protection circuits for various types of overvoltage conditions. For example, the system includes one or more hard disk drive integrated circuit chips residing on a board and a hard disk drive power plug receptacle residing on the board having two different value power supply ports associated therewith. The receptacle is operable to receive a power plug therein, wherein when the power plug is inserted therein in a proper orientation the two different value voltages are properly supplied to the one or more hard disk drive integrated circuit chips, and wherein when the power plug is inserted therein in an improper orientation the two different value voltages are switched with respect to their intended values.

Abstract: To provide a DC source drive type portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer having a simple source supply operation. A power supply input section of a DC power supply driven portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer, comprising polarity discrimination means 3 for discriminating the polarity of a DC power supply input to a DC power supply input terminal 1 and a DC power supply input terminal 2, and polarity display means 4 for displaying the polarity of the input DC power according to the output of the polarity discriminating means 3. There is also provided reverse connection protection means 5 for preventing supply of current to a load side when input indicating that the DC power supply has reverse polarity is detected from the polarity discrimination means 3.

Abstract: A compact polarity-insensitive integrated circuit amplifier is described designed to be powered by a miniature low voltage battery of variable polarity. Low current, polarity corrected voltage sources are integrated into functional blocks to supply low current non-bidirectional elements and to provide a constant polarity bias to a substrate of CMOS circuits. Polarity corrected voltage sources are used to provide a polarity sensing function. The invention is embodied in a Class D amplifier which may comprise four n-channel MOSFET transistors arranged in an H-bridge configuration. Additional driver circuitry is described which increases the voltage of the pulse-width modulated input signal to the MOSFET transistors and also performs a pulse trimming function, which reduces parasitic crowbar currents in the amplifier output stage.

Abstract: Circuitry is provided in a device to automatically change the relative position of the electrical lines which enter the device upon detection of a miswired condition. More specifically, the circuitry allows the device to function normally even if an installer accidentally inverts (i.e., flips or reverses) the wiring connections when attaching connectors to a communication/power line of the device. In this manner, the installer does not need to rewire the lines.

Abstract: To provide a DC source drive type portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer having a simple source supply operation.

Abstract: A plurality of air conditioning system control units are connected to each other through a communication line (20). Discharge resistors (R1, R2) are provided for discharging residual charges of the communication line (20). The control unit has a power superposition circuit (50) for applying a direct-current voltage and outputs an identification number signal from the power superposition circuit (50) to the communication line (20). The control unit further has a polarity select circuit (60) having a negative-polarity resistance characteristic that current increasingly flows as an applied voltage is lowered, and a voltage discriminating circuit (70) for detecting the terminal voltage of the polarity select circuit (60). When detecting the voltage of the communication line (20), the control unit determines whether its own control unit is a master unit or a slave unit according to output signals from the voltage discriminating circuit (70) and a polarity discriminating circuit (3C).

Abstract: A box for covering components or the like and for preventing unwanted access thereto. The box comprises a mounting panel having a pair of opposed sides, a top portion, a bottom portion and a back portion. The back portion is adapted to receive a fastener for mounting the mounting panel to a mounting surface. A cover fastener is received within the mounting panel. A slot is formed in the mounting panel and a corresponding tang is located within the cover which is adapted to receive an alarm device therein and removably envelop the mounting panel. A second opening is located in the cover for receiving the cover fastener when said mounting panel is enveloped within the cover.

Abstract: A MOSFET is used to protect a battery driven load against the effects of a reverse-connected battery. This invention is particularly suitable for use with loads, such as those commonly found in motor vehicles, which contain semiconductor devices that may be severely damaged by a reverse voltage. The source of the MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and a gate driver circuit is used to provide a gate to source voltage sufficient to turn the MOSFET on when the battery is properly connected. If the battery is connected in reverse, the gate driver turns the MOSFET off, and the intrinsic body-drain diode in the MOSFET prevents a reverse current flow through the load. In conjunction with the MOSFET, a sensing device sends out a warning signal which may be used, for example, to turn off a portion of the load if the output of the battery falls below a level necessary to maintain the MOSFET in a fully on condition.

Abstract: A method of encoding data for transmission over a communication link. A cumulative polarity of previously-transmitted frames is maintained. A frame is prepared for transmission by combining a data word with a plurality of additional bits. The additional bits provide a master transition. A phantom bit is encoded in the additional bits. If the polarity of the frame is the same as the cumulative polarity, the data bits or in some instances all the bits are inverted so as to maintain balance. Control words and fill words are provided and are distinguished from data words by encoding the additional bits. Control words carry additional data or control instructions and are distinguished from fill words by the number of transitions. The phantom bit either conveys additional data or is used for such purposes as error checking.

Abstract: Presented is a device and method for providing a means of driving capacitive cells, such as those comprising suspended particle light valve windows, with a squarewave voltage signal at a select frequency with high efficiency and low power requirements. The invention uses an inductive circuit in parallel with the capacitive load of the capacitive cell, a dc voltage source, and a fast switching means connected to timely control the polarity of the voltage source to the capacitive cell.

Abstract: A serial signal transmission device and a control method for determining polarity which can be used in various systems, for example, air conditioners, and a remote controller. The serial signal transmission device which carries out signal transmission between a plurality of control devices uses two transmission wires with fixed polarity, the serial transmission interface of each control device is equipped with two pairs of differential drivers and receivers, and the driver outputs and receiver inputs of different polarity in these two pairs of drivers and receivers are connected to each other. This device and control method make connection terminals for signal lines on each control device nonpolar, considerably reducing workload required for installing the apparatuses and wiring and eliminating connection errors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensing the polarity of an input pulse train signal and for automatically changing its polarity as required by the circuit to which it will be applied, is disclosed. The polarity of the input pulse train signal is determined by an averaging network that detects the average DC level of the signal. The averaged signal is compared with one representing the desired output signal polarity to provide a control signal which is used to determine whether the input signal is of the proper polarity to form the output signal or whether it must first be inverted. The phase and timing parameters of the output pulse train signal match those of the input signal.

Abstract: A field effect transistor has its drain and source regions connected between one of the two supply pads of an operative integrated circuit, the gate of the field effect transistor being connected to the other pad such that the gate is negatively biased during reverse battery to prevent current flow through the circuit in this condition and, hence, to prevent destruction of the circuit. The FET is sized to have minimal voltage drop during normal, forward battery operation of the circuit. The FET can be implemented as either an N-channel or a P-channel device.

Abstract: A weather and tamper resistant multi-unit cable terminal box construction comprising a support structure for a terminal board adapted to be vertically positioned and mounted on a supporting wall, an enclosure or cover for covering and enclosing the front, top, and sides of said support structure; a hinge for moving said enclosure to open and closed position about a horizontal axis at the top of said support structure, said hinge being assembled by sidewise movement of the enclosure while in raised position along said horizontal axis, the sides of said support structure having spaced flanges for reception of side walls of said enclosure to enhance weather resistance of said box construction, said support structure having a bottom wall portion extending forwardly for slidably mounting cable pass-through plates and including a lock strike beam, said enclosure having a bottom wall portion extending rearwardly to abut said cable pass-through plates in closed position to lock said plates in position, the front wall

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel switch for iontophoresing cation and anion, comprising an on/off switch for power circuit; a selector switch for reversing the output current from an iontophoretic low-frequency oscillator; and a rotary member actuating said on/off- and selector-switches when turned.

Abstract: This invention relates to a battery charger which includes a timer which becomes energized upon a battery approaching a fully charged condition and the timer then commences a preset timed equalization or finishing charge which brings each cell of the battery into a 100% fully charged condition. The battery may remain connected to the charger which includes a restart monitor which causes the charger to automatically re-charge the battery to a fully charged condition when it senses that the battery is losing its charge.

Abstract: Four bipolar transistors are arranged in a bridge configuration and are interconnected with two additional bipolar transistors to provide an efficient polarity guard circuit. The circuit has two output terminals, one of which has a positive polarity regardless of the polarity across two input terminals. The two additional transistors prevent collector to base current from flowing through any of the bridge transistors which may be biased off.

Abstract: The electrical system of a motor vehicle is protected against damage due to voltage sources, either the own battery or an external source, connected with wrong polarity by the combination of a diode and relay switches. In one embodiment, the diode is connected to the battery so that current flows only when the battery is connected with the correct polarity. The relay coil connected in series with the diode controls contacts which connect the battery to the rest of the circuit only when current flows through the diode. Alternatively, or in conjunction with this type of circuit, a shunting diode can be provided through which current flows only when the battery is connected with incorrect polarity. When current flows through this shunting diode, it also flows through the contacts of excess current cutout which then open to disconnect the battery from the remainder of the circuit.

Abstract: A device for automatically protecting telecommunication apparatus against input signals of improper polarity. The device does not use any energy or voltage after polarity match is established, so that use of the device does not degrade the incoming signal. A set of relay contacts, controlled by diodes, assures that the signal applied to the load is of proper polarity. There is no voltage drop between the exchange line incoming cable and the load.

Abstract: A normally open polarity sensing circuit is interposed between the charging current output of a battery charger and battery terminal clamps connected with a rechargeable storage battery. Normally open reed switches, closed by battery positive terminal potential, gates silicon controlled recitifiers for battery charging current flow according to the polarity of the battery.

Abstract: A solid-state ballast circuit for starting and regulating a gaseous discharge lamp which is operated on direct current is arranged so as to permit the use of low voltage switching relays to effect polarity reversal of the lamp under load. A high voltage pulse source is connected in series with the lamp and a low voltage switching relay is connected in a manner to effect polarity reversal of the DC voltage applied to the combination of the high voltage source and lamp. The voltage appearing across the high voltage source is prevented from reaching the switching relays by virtue of a bridge rectifier circuit connected such that the pulse source and lamp appear as a current source for the rectifiers. The output terminals of the bridge rectifier arrangement are connected between the output terminals of the low voltage DC source thus limiting the voltage applied to the switching relays to a value not exceeding that of the DC source.

Abstract: A device for automatically changing the polarity of a direct current supply source for use in a cataphoresis apparatus comprises a switch for changing the polarity of migration current, a device for generating a functional signal in response to a detection of the finish or the beginning of the migration current, a signal processing device connected to the functional signal generator for processing the functional signal to drive the polarity change switch and a polarity changing device connected between the signal processing device and the polarity change switch for instructing polarity change of the migration current to the polarity change switch and for memorizing the changed polarity of the migration current in spite of switching on or off of a power supply source. The polarity changing device always changes the polarity of the migration current to a polarity opposite to the just before polarity every detection of the finishing or the beginning of the migration current.

Abstract: A polarity indicating and reversing unit for connecting a power supply line to a load line, the unit having a polarity indicating lamp for indicating a reverse polarity condition at the load and and a polarity reversing switch for reversing the polarity of the voltage applied to the load and to the polarity indicator so that the polarity indicator also indicates when the reversed polarity condition has been corrected. The application also discloses a polarity indicating and reversing unit for connecting two two-wire plus ground power supply lines each having a neutral and a hot inlet conductor to a single three-wire plus ground load line having a common neutral and two hot outlet conductors. The latter polarity reversing unit has a polarity indicator lamp for indicating when above ground potential is applied to the neutral outlet conductor, and two polarity reversing switches which are selectively operable to reverse polarity of the connections of either of the two inlet lines to the common outlet line.

Abstract: An automatic switching system particularly adapted for railroad hobbyists whereby the complicated polarity switching usually required is eliminated. Apparatus is associated with each insulation point in a track section (block) to sense the direction of train motion and automatically conform the polarity of the next track block upon which the train will enter if the next block is of an opposite polarity from the prior block section from which the train has left.

Abstract: A very low power asymmetrical polarity marking signal which may be the sum of a cosine wave and its coherent second harmonic is added to a symmetrical message signal before transmission. At the receive the polarity information may be recovered from the average dc value of the positive and negative peaks of the polarity signal or from the coincidence of peaks of the fundamental and second harmonic components.