Abstract: In a soldering method for soldering an electronic component including a palladium or palladium alloy layer formed on a surface of the electronic component and also including a soldering lead terminal onto a printed wiring board including a soldering land and plated through hole, a solder layer containing tin and zinc as main components is formed on the surfaces of the land through hole by a HAL treatment. The lead terminal is inserted and mounted in the through hole. The printed wiring board is brought into contact with jet flows of a solder containing tin and zinc as the main components to thereby supply a solder to the land and through hole.

Abstract: A high-voltage pulse generating circuit has an inductor, a first semiconductor switch, and a second semiconductor switch which are connected in series between opposite terminals of a DC power supply unit, and a diode having a cathode terminal connected to a terminal of the inductor which has another terminal connected to an anode terminal of the first semiconductor switch, and an anode terminal connected to a gate terminal of the first semiconductor switch. The inductor stores an induction energy when the first semiconductor switch is rendered conductive by a turn-on of the second semiconductor switch, and generates a high-voltage pulse when the first semiconductor switch is turned off by a turn-off of the second semiconductor switch.

Abstract: An electric gas lighting device including an ignition circuit for generating sparks at at least one burner and connected to a supply line, supplying a supply voltage, via enabling means for alternatively enabling/disabling spark generation when connected/disconnected to/from a reference potential line; the enabling means are defined by a secondary winding of an isolation transformer interposed between the supply line and the ignition circuit; a first terminal of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer is connected to a first terminal of hand-operated switch means, a second terminal of which is connected to the reference potential line; and the ignition circuit also includes a discharge generating circuit, a first node of which is connected to the reference potential line, and a second node of which is connected to a second terminal of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer.

Abstract: A device to mitigate hydrogen explosions in a vacuum furnace includes at least one igniter, an ignition transformer, and an electrical switch. The at least one igniter includes a set of high-voltage electrodes and is connected to the ignition transformer by high-voltage wires. The electrical switch activates the ignition transformer to provide power to the at least one igniter forming a continuous electrical arc between the electrodes. The at least one igniter is located inside the vacuum furnace at an opening where air may enter the vacuum furnace, which may contain a hydrogen and steam gas mixture under accident conditions. The device consumes hydrogen by controlled combustion as flammable mixtures are formed.

Abstract: A trigger circuit is provided for a trigger system for a Marx generator column. The column includes a plurality of metal electrode pairs wherein the electrodes of each pair are spaced to form a spark gap therebetween and a capacitor is connected across each gap. The trigger system includes a three electrode (trigatron) spark gap switch forming the first spark gap of the Marx generator column. The triggering circuit includes a trigger transformer having primary and secondary windings. The secondary winding is connected through a connecting cable to a blocking capacitor of an input circuit of the trigatron switch. A charging capacitor is connected to an oscillator power supply so as to be charged thereby to the output voltage (e.g., 345 volts) of the oscillator power supply. An electronic switch (e.g.

Abstract: A capacitive element for a circuit board or chip carrier having improved capacitance and method of manufacturing the same is provided. The structure is formed from a pair of conductive sheets having a dielectric component laminated therebetween. The dielectric component is formed of two or more dielectric sheets, at least one of which can be partially cured or softened followed by being fully cured or hardened. The lamination takes place by laminating a partially cured or softened sheet to at least one other sheet of dielectric material and one of the sheets of conductive material. The total thickness of the two sheets of the dielectric component does not exceed about 4 mils and preferably does not exceed about 3 mils; thus, the single dielectric sheet does not exceed about 2 mils and preferably does not exceed about 1.5 mils in thickness.

Abstract: A trigger circuit is provided for a trigger system for a Marx generator column. The column includes a plurality of metal electrode pairs wherein the electrodes of each pair are spaced to form a spark gap therebetween and a capacitor is connected across each gap. The trigger system includes a three electrode (trigatron) spark gap switch forming the first spark gap of the Marx generator column. The triggering circuit includes a trigger transformer having primary and secondary windings. The secondary winding is connected through a connecting cable to a blocking capacitor of an input circuit of the trigatron switch. A charging capacitor is connected to an oscillator power supply so as to be charged thereby to the output voltage (e.g., 345 volts) of the oscillator power supply. An electronic switch (e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a spark, particularly for igniting the gas in a gas appliance. The apparatus includes a spark generator adjacent to a combustible gas burner. The spark generator consists of at least two spark electrodes connected to a high voltage transformer. The transformer and electrodes, preferably sealed or supported in an epoxy or ceramic shell, form one easily replaceable unit. A remote circuit is operatively associated with the high voltage transformer for igniting a spark. The transformer and electrodes are located at a distance from the spark initiating circuitry and other circuitry, which in combination with the epoxy or ceramic shell provides enhanced EMI protection for sensitive remote circuitry. The ignition system may also includes a flame sensing mechanism which detects when the burner is lit.

Abstract: A gas furnace control circuit combines an igniter circuit and a rectification flame detection circuit. Pulsating current is applied respectively to inducer and gas valve relay coils to actuate the furnace. A rectifier supplies flyback pulses from the inducer relay coil to a capacitor arrangement to accumulate flyback voltage. An ignition transformer has its secondary connected to the igniter and flame detection probe for generating an ignition arc. A hysteresis switch is coupled between the capacitor and the primary of the ignition transformer discharges current from through the primary whenever the stored flyback voltage reaches a predetermined threshold. Another capacitor is connected to the gas valve relay coil. A transistor has a signal impedance connected with its drain or power electrode to define an output terminal. A resistor network has a first resistor with one end connected to the capacitor and a its other end connected to the gate or control electrode of the transistor.

Abstract: A high power, high energy inductive ignition system with a parallel array of multiple ignition coils Ti (2a, 2b) and associated 600 volt unclamped IGBT power switches Si (8a, 8b), for use with an automotive 12 volt storage battery (1), the system having an internal voltage source (12) to generate a voltage Vc approximately three times the peal primary coil current with coils Ti of low primary inductance of about 0,5 millihenry and of open E-type core structure for spark energy in the range of 120 to 250 mj, the system using a lossless snubber and variable control inductor (6) to provide very high circuit and component efficiency and high coil energy density, in mj/gm, three times that of conventional inductive ignition systems, and high output voltage of 40 kilovolts with fast rise time of 10 microseconds.

Abstract: The multi-channel ignition coil driver module of the present invention includes a control integrated circuit and multiple high current load driver integrated circuits housed within a common package. The control integrated circuit is formed of a semiconductor material manufactured in accordance with a standard low-voltage integrated circuit processing technology and is responsive to multiple control signal inputs to provide a corresponding multiple number of low voltage drive signals. Each of the high current load driver integrated circuits are formed of a semiconductor material manufactured in accordance with a high-voltage integrated circuit processing technology and are each responsive to a different one of the low voltage drive signals to energize a different one of a multiple number of high current loads. A current limit function is further provided in each of the multiple channels for limiting the corresponding load current to a predetermined level.

Abstract: A charging circuit charges a first capacitor to a first voltage and a second capacitor, via a potential divider to a second voltage smaller than the first voltage. A trigger circuit repeatedly triggers a thyristor which discharges the second capacitor into the primary winding of a pulse transformer whose secondary winding is connected across a diode in series with the first capacitor between output terminals.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an ignition coil assembly includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. A primary connector assembly of the ignition coil assembly includes a conductor which is adapted to electrically connect one terminal of the primary coil with one terminal of the secondary coil. The conductor includes indentations which delimit a portion of the conductor and facilitate the removal of that portion of the conductor. The conductor further includes provisions for electrically connecting an electrical component such as diode in place of the removed portion of the conductor. The present invention thus facilitates inclusion of an electrical component such as a diode in applications which will benefit from the inclusion of the electrical component in place of the conductor.

Abstract: An ignition coil has an inorganic insulator material featuring a larger conductivity in the direction along the surface of the material than in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the material, between high-tension voltage components internal to a casing and conducting components internal and external to the casing. Localized discharge deterioration advancing from the high-tension components toward the conducting components is changed in its direction of advance to the direction along the surface of the inorganic insulator material, and is diffused accordingly. The resistance of the ignition coil against localized discharge deterioration is increased, and improved reliability in breakdown performance is resulted. This leads to a compact design.The casing and bobbins are constructed of mica sheet as inorganic insulator material using insert molding technique, and productivity of the ignition coil is improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a DC-powered spark-generating circuit for igniting fuel. Such circuit has two primary windings on a common transformer core and a separate transistor controlling power to each primary winding. Each transistor has a gate and a drain and such gates and drains are "cross-coupled." That is, the gate of the first transistor is coupled to the drain of the second transistor and the drain of the first transistor is coupled to the gate of the second. Also disclosed is a method for spark-igniting fuel. Such method includes applying a voltage across an air gap at a first frequency, establishing an arc across the air gap and maintaining the arc at least until the fuel ignites. Such arc is maintained at a second frequency which different from (and preferably higher than) the first frequency.

Abstract: A power transistor device is provided which has a function of clamping the collector voltage to a stable level for a wide range of temperature variations. In the power transistor device, a plurality of pn junctions are formed to fabricate Zener diodes in the polycrystalline silicon film in the form of rings. The ring configuration of the Zener diodes eliminates an end at the pn junction and prevents the junction surface from being exposed, making it possible to use as a stable Zener voltage the dielectric strength characteristic of the pn junction having a very small temperature coefficient.

Abstract: An exciter for an internal combustion engine igniter plug, comprises a continuous AC charging circuit and a discharge circuit. The discharge circuit is connectable to the plug and the charging circuit includes a transformer having a primary winding connectable to an AC power source and a secondary winding connected to the discharge circuit. The discharge circuit includes a storage capacitor connected to the transformer secondary winding such that current induced in the secondary charges the capacitor at a generally constant rate. A switching device is connected in series between the capacitor and the plug; and a trigger circuit triggers the switching device in response to charge on the capacitor; with the charging circuit and trigger circuit operating to maintain a generally constant spark rate. A current multiplier is also provided to substantially increase the peak currents delivered to the plug.

Abstract: In a transistor where collector is connected to an inductive load and switching current flows, a Zener diode comprising structure of plural pn-junctions constituted in series form to a polysilicon is provided between collector and base. Further MOSFET is switch-controlled by control voltage formed based on Zener current flowing through the Zener diode, and current path in parallel form to the Zener diode is constituted. Since temperature characteristic coefficient of a Zener diode formed in a polysilicon film is very small, the reverse voltage generated in the inductive load can be set to stable voltage in spite of the temperature variation. Further the MOSFET is provided in parallel form, thereby relatively large ON-resistance value of the Zener diode can be decreased.

Abstract: In a capacitive discharge type ignition apparatus, in which an ignition transformer is used, the impedance of the secondary winding of the ignition transformer is comparatively large. This means the power loss is large and the efficiency, in applying a high power voltage to an igniter plug, is lowered. In this invention, a low impedance bypass circuit is connected in parallel circuit with the secondary winding of the ignition transformer, so that the spark current flows through the bypass circuit. By this arrangement, the power loss in the secondary winding is made to be substantially zero. Thus, a powerful spark is generated in the igniter plug efficiently, reliably and with simple circuitry.

Abstract: A discharge load driving circuit has a transformer with a low voltage coil and a high voltage coil wound around a magnetic core. The high voltage coil has a transformation ratio for setting a high self-resonance frequency value for the transformer to thereby output high voltage at a short rise time period. The discharge load driving circuit further includes a switching element connected to the transformer for switching on and off a d-c input supplied thereto through the low voltage coil of the transformer. The discharge load driving circuit further includes a driver circuit for driving a switching element driving pulse, a control circuit for controlling the driver circuit, a discharge load connected to the high voltage coil for discharging load by a high voltage output generated in the high voltage coil when the switching element is turned on, and a detector for detecting a flow of discharge current in the discharge load. The switching element repeats its on-off action in a predetermined.

Abstract: An apparatus for the generation of ignition voltage to a spark plug within an ingition system of an automobile includes an integrated circuit inverter for converting DC power source voltage into a high frequency voltage which is stepped-up by a transformer and rectified to charge a capacitor. The charge stored on the capacitor is discharged by applying a trigger pulse to a silicon controlled rectifier, through a high voltage ignition coil for igniting the spark gap of a spark plug. The trigger pulse is produced by a timing control circuit which utilizes a pre-existing timing signal of the ignition system to produce the trigger pulse. The secondary voltage of the ignition coil produces between 20,000 and 60,000 volts.

Abstract: An oil burner ignition system includes a transformer primary winding feedback coil and dual secondary coil wound in axially coextensive and mutually coupled relation about a ferrite core. The primary winding and feedback coil are wound continuously about the core and disposed within a bobbin which supports the secondary coil. The primary and feedback coil have a common end connection in circuit with the emitter of a switching transistor. The other end of the feedback coil is connected through a capacitor and resistor circuit to the base of the transistor. The collector and base of the transistor are connected by a circuit to receive unipolar pulses of electrical energy. A resistor is connected between the base and the collector of the transistor to bias the transistor "on". The feedback coil is disposed to have voltage induced therein by changing current flow through the primary winding and the collector-emitter electrodes of the transistor.

Abstract: An automatic electronic ignition system comprising a D.C. source, an oscillatory circuit, a charging circuit and a sparking device. The D.C. source activates the oscillatory circuit. By means of a first transformer, this oscillation induces a current signal in the charging circuit with a potential higher than that of the original oscillatory signal. Due to the arrangement of the capacitors and coils within the charging circuit, an oscillatory discharge forms within the charging circuit. This oscillatory discharge further induces an even higher potential between the two electrodes of the sparking device by means of a second transformer. This causes sparking between the two electrodes and ignites the gas from the gas nozzles. The ignited gas ionizes the air molecules between the electrodes, thus turning off the oscillatory circuit. If, for some reason, the fire goes out, then the oscillatory circuit is turned on automatically, thereby re-igniting the gas from the gas nozzles.

Abstract: A method for simultaneous compensation of a plurality of thermocouple signals where the thermocouple leads are terminated to dissimilar metals without using individual ice junctions for compensation of each thermocouple signal is disclosed. The thermocouple leads are all terminated to individual connectors as reference junctions which are held at the same temperature by a block of metal which stabilizes thermally with its environment. The temperature of the metal block is measured by an integrated circuit temperature transducer which produces an analog electrical signal proportional to the temperature detected. This signal is digitized and a microprocessor calculates the temperature of the metal block which is placed on a first data bus. Additional microprocessors are connected to the individual thermocouple leads. These microprocessors convert the thermocouple signals into an uncorrected digital temperature.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner ignition device which includes a lock out device, having a bimetallic lamina or similar element, and an ignition transformer. The bimetallic lamina is so positioned as to be heated by electromagnetic induction, due to the effect of parasitic current induced therein by the flux of the ignition transformer. The ignition device is provided with a resistor which is adapted so as to also heat the bimetallic lamina.

Abstract: A test instrument for generating controlled bursts of electrical noise for use in testing the response of electronic equipment to such noise. A high voltage induction coil has its primary winding connected in circuit with a semiconductor switching means across a source of DC potential whereby when the current flow through the primary winding is interrupted, a relatively high voltage is developed across spark electrodes connected in the secondary winding of the coil and a spark discharge results. The spark discharge is, of course, rich in high frequency noise components which radiate therefrom to the system under test. The test instrument includes controls for causing the spark discharge to be generated either when triggered by a signal from the system under test, or by the manual operation of a push button switch, or at rates which may be varied by the operator.

Abstract: A compact ignition apparatus for a burner, which rectifies the commercial power source and energizes a high-voltage transformer via a transistor blocking oscillator circuit, and in which the high-voltage transformer is provided with a control circuit for controlling the output of the transformer to a constant value against any fluctuation of the input to the transformer, whereby a secure ignition is provided.

Abstract: A spark generator of the relaxation oscillator type operates on only one half of the cycle of the applied alternating current. By providing a gating circuit that triggers through a threshold switch means from a capacitor charge, it is possible to fire a silicon controlled rectifier on the same half cycle as the charging of an energy storage capacitor. The circuit can be operated by means of a diode and switch, or by an asymmetric current conducting element such as a silicon controlled rectifier.

Abstract: The high voltage transformer for the ignition system of an oil burner and the control system for the oil burner are packaged together in a single housing. The duty cycle of the transformer is discontinuous. The transformer core is of symmetric U-I configuration but the coil arrangement is asymmetric with a single primary coil being provided. The transformer is not potted, the core ends are free of coils, and one core end overlaps a circuit board for the control system to thereby foreshorten the overall package. Although the transformer is not potted, tight constraints against shorting of the high voltage secondary leads are maintained by provision of an insulator bushing means which is positioned in apposition to the transformer secondary coils by means of a bracket which also provides a mounting for the transformer core, the high voltage leads being drawn through the insulator bushing means and secured at terminal contacts at the lower ends of the bushing means.

Abstract: A brushless tachometer is disclosed which provides a DC output voltage which is a direct function of an instrumented shaft's rotational velocity. The DC voltage is bi-directional, changing sign when the shafts direction of rotation is reversed. The disclosed tachometer preferably utilizes a brushless printed circuit resolver having a large number of poles. The sine and cosine outputs from the resolver are fed to a phase shifting circuit which provides two output signals whose frequencies are related to the speed of rotation of the shaft being instrumented. The frequency of one of the signals increases as the shaft speed increases while the frequency of the other signal decreases as the shaft speed increases. These two signals having frequencies related to shaft speed are fed to frequency to voltage converters. The outputs from the frequency to voltage converters are fed to a differential amplifier whose output is the DC signal which is indicative of the direction and the speed of rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: An ignition device for an internal combustion engine such as an engine for a motorcar. This ignition device contains at least one avalanche diode which is connected between the ignition coil and the distributor and therefore does not allow current to flow to the distributor unitl a certain voltage is attained.

Abstract: To prevent application of excessive spark energy in an ignition system designed for proper firing voltages even under low-battery voltage conditions, upon rise of the battery voltage to normal or excessive values, a voltage sensing circuit, including a threshold stage, is connected to the secondary of the ignition coil to sense the secondary voltage, the threshold stage providing an output when the voltage is exceeded and blocking continued supply of power to the ignition coil of the system to thereby limit the ignition voltage.

Abstract: An electronic ignition control device for an internal combustion engine includes a power amplifier which controls current through an ignition coil and a triggering circuit for the power amplifier. To protect the power amplifier against damage resulting from being connected to a higher voltage source during starting there is a protection circuit which switches off the power amplifier when an over voltage is detected but allows it to switch on for a very short period when a spark is required. The protection circuit uses conventional logic elements, sensing the output of the triggering means, the output of a delay circuit driven by the triggering means, and the output of an over voltage sensing circuit.