Abstract: A device (9) for protecting a direct current electrical system (1) having one or more modules (2) from electric arcs comprises: a first sensor (10) provided with a first ring of ferromagnetic material configured to generate a first signal, representing a oscillating component of a current flowing through a cable inserted into the ring; a conditioning stage (12), having a bandpass filter, for conditioning the first signal; a first threshold comparator (13); a counter (15); a processor (14); a second sensor (19), configured to generate a second signal representing a direct current component of the current flowing through the cable; a second threshold comparator (20).

Abstract: A method is for detecting a ground fault in a load zone that can be connected to a direct-current network. The load zone includes a first load zone line connectable to a first main line of the direct-current network via a circuit breaker, and a second load zone line connectable to a second main line of the direct-current network via an interrupter switch. In an embodiment of the method, at least one line voltage at a load zone line is continually measured. If a ground fault is not detected at any main line of the direct-current network before the load zone is connected, the interrupter switch is closed while the circuit breaker is open, and a ground fault in the load zone is inferred if at least one line voltage does not significantly change after the interrupter switch is closed.

Abstract: A motor drive device includes a reactor, a converter circuit, a capacitor, an inverter circuit, and overcurrent determination units. The converter circuit converts a first AC voltage output from an AC power supply into a DC voltage. The capacitor smooths a second voltage on the DC side of the converter circuit. The inverter circuit converts DC power stored in the capacitor into AC power. One of the overcurrent determination units determines overcurrent based on a detected value of the first AC current, flowing between the AC power supply and the converter circuit. Another overcurrent determination unit determines overcurrent based on a detected value of the second DC current, flowing between the converter circuit and the capacitor. The converter and inverter circuits stop operating when the determination result of one of the overcurrent determination units indicates an overcurrent.

Abstract: In earth leakage detection device, one end of coupling capacitor is connected to a current path of power storage unit connected to load in a state of being insulated from the ground. Voltage output unit generates a periodically changing periodic voltage, and applies the periodic voltage to the other end of coupling capacitor via first resistor. Second resistor and third resistor are connected in series between a node between coupling capacitor and first resistor and a predetermined fixed potential. Voltage measurement unit measures a voltage at a voltage dividing point between second resistor and third resistor. Earth leakage determination unit determines presence or absence of an earth leakage between the current path of power storage unit and the ground based on the measured voltage.

Abstract: A wiring device including an interrupting device and a controller. The interrupting device electrically connecting one or more line terminals to one or more load terminals when the interrupting device is in a reset condition and disconnecting the line terminals from the load terminals when the interrupting device is in a tripped condition. The controller has an electronic processor and a memory. The controller is configured to monitor a current of the one or more line terminals, identify a presence of an in-rush condition, wherein an in-rush of the current exists when the one or more cycles of current conform with a decay progression envelope, and prevent the tripped condition upon identifying the in-rush condition.

Abstract: A conducting busbar (2, 4) suitable for use in a semiconductor power module (8) is provided. The busbar (2, 4) comprises a main plate (210, 410), one or more legs (220, 420) extending from the main plate (210, 410), and one or more feet (230, 430) formed at the free end of the legs (220, 420). According to the invention, the intersection line (L) between at least one of the legs (220, 420) and the associated foot (230, 430) forms an offset angle (?) with respect to the longitudinal direction (X) of the main plate (210, 410).

Abstract: A power conversion system includes: a power converter connected to an alternate-current power supply; a direct-current capacitor connected to a direct-current side of the power converter; a first alternate-current switch connected between the power converter and the alternate-current power supply; an inrush current suppressor connected in parallel to the first alternate-current switch, between the power converter and the alternate-current power supply, and including a charging resistance or a charging reactor; a second alternate-current switch connected in parallel to the first alternate-current switch and in series to the inrush current suppressor, between the power converter and the alternate-current power supply; and a control device configured to control the power converter so that the first alternate-current switch is open, the second alternate-current switch is closed, and a voltage applied to the direct-current capacitor reaches a voltage that is equal to or exceeds a preset voltage.

Abstract: An electrical outlet receptacle including a circuit board defining a first plane and a solenoid having a central axis perpendicular to the first plane. The electrical outlet receptacle further including a reset plunger with a portion extending through the first end of the solenoid and axially movable therein, and an armature movable axially along the portion of the reset plunger extending through the solenoid. Wherein the armature includes a slanted projection configured to contact a cam surface of a slide mechanism and provide the downward force on the cam surface.

Abstract: A grounded neutral fault detector that includes induction circuits and a controller is provided. The controller is configured to determine a frequency of a test signal by measuring load noise based on a first leakage signal corresponding to a first current imbalance between the line conductor and the neutral conductor for the load without the test signal being injected, analyzing a frequency spectrum of the load noise, and selecting the frequency of the test signal. The controller is further configured to inject the test signal at the selected frequency to the neutral conductor, measure impedance of a current loop formed by a potential grounded neutral fault based on a second leakage signal corresponding to a second current imbalance with the test signal being injected, and determine a grounded neutral fault.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for detecting an electric arc in an electronic assembly, having: a transmission unit for generating an output signal, and an evaluation unit for receiving the output signal, where the transmission unit and the evaluation unit are connected to one another, where the transmission unit comprises an oscillator unit that generates an output signal having a frequency and/or an amplitude, and where the evaluation unit is configured to detect deviations, caused by an arc, in the output signal from the transmission unit. There is in particular a provision to implement the oscillator unit by way of a modified Pierce oscillator having an inverter, where the quartz is replaced by a detector coil. The invention furthermore relates to an electronic assembly of a motor vehicle having an apparatus to be controlled, in particular having a heating apparatus and having said device, and to a method for detecting an electric arc in an electronic assembly.

Abstract: An arc detection system for an aircraft high voltage and direct current electrical circuit which includes a sensor sensing high-frequency magnetic fields created by current pulses, a signal conditioning block, a database including a time threshold, status signals of events occurring in aircraft normal operation procedures, a processing unit configured to calculate a statistical dispersion of the high-frequency magnetic fields of the current pulses of the signals measured by the sensor, calculate a threshold under no-arc conditions as a function of the previous measured signals, check if the signals measured by the sensor are above the threshold under no arc-conditions during the time threshold, if positive, check if any status signal of events due to normal operation procedures has been activated, and if negative, activate the operation of an electrical protection.

Abstract: A fault-arc identification method, device and apparatus, and a storage medium. The method comprises: performing sampling on a target arc at a high frequency, and obtaining a high-frequency sampling signal (S11); preprocessing the high-frequency sampling signal, and obtaining a processed sampling signal (S12); performing feature extraction on the processed sampling signal, and obtaining a target arc feature (S13); and inputting the target arc feature to a neural network model, obtaining a target output result, and determining, according to the target output result, whether the target arc is a fault-arc (S14). Performing sampling on a target arc at a high frequency can obtain more arc features from the target arc. Moreover, since a neural network model has favorable data classification capability, using a neural network model to perform determination with respect to the target arc can improve the accuracy and reliability of a fault-arc detection result.

Abstract: An AC/DC leakage detection method, which supports the detection of DC leakage and AC leakage. A DC leakage current and a low-frequency leakage current are measured by means of magnetic modulation technology, an AC signal is measured in the form of pure induction, and two detection modes are performed in a time-sharing manner. A collected leakage signal is converted into a digital signal through an AD converter. By means of the method of the present invention, the processing of a leakage signal is divided into three channels for respectively processing DC leakage, low-frequency AC leakage, and high-frequency AC leakage. The overall effective value of residual current is calculated by integrating results of DC detection and AC detection. The method of the present invention supports the detection of a suddenly increased current; and when there is a suddenly increased current, detection mode switching is performed by detecting the current sudden change of the current.

Abstract: An electrical system can include a power supply configured to provide electrical power to components at a time at which the electrical system experiences an electrical fault. The electrical system can include a first battery electrically coupled in parallel to a second battery via an electrical bus, whereby the first and second batteries can provide electrical power to a first electrical load and a second electrical load. Upon experiencing a fault, a first circuit element can electrically decouple the first battery and the second battery by opening a circuit provided by the electrical bus, thereby isolating the first battery from the second battery. Next, the battery experiencing the fault can include a second circuit element that can electrically decouple the battery experiencing the fault from a respective electrical load, while the battery isolated from the fault can continue to provide electrical power to components.

Abstract: In an electrical distribution system including a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) and one or more downstream mechanical circuit breakers (CBs), a solid-state switching device in the SSCB is repeatedly switched ON and OFF during a short circuit event, to reduce a root-mean-square (RMS) value of the short circuit current. The resulting pulsed short circuit current is regulated in a hysteresis control loop, to limit the RMS to a value low enough to prevent the SSCB from tripping prematurely but high enough to allow one of the downstream mechanical CBs to trip and isolate the short circuit. Pulsing is allowed to continue for a maximum short circuit pulsing time. Only if none of the downstream mechanical CBs is able to trip to isolate the short circuit within the maximum short circuit pulsing time is the SSCB allowed to trip.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the integrity of a plurality of ground conductors has a plurality of monitors, with a different monitor associated with each ground conductor. Each monitor includes a voltage sensor which monitors voltage on a closed circuit of the monitor. Upon the voltage sensor sensing an unexpected voltage, a transmitter of the monitor issues an “alarm” signal, which may be wireless (e.g., being sent using LoRaWAN protocol). The transmitter may issue other signals, including a periodic “heartbeat” signal to confirm continued operation of the monitor, and a “movement” signal to indicate movement of the monitor. The monitor may be GPS-enabled, in which case each signal may include the GPS coordinates of the monitor. The signals issued by the transmitter may ultimately be analyzed by an operator via a user interface platform, which may simultaneously display information regarding two or more of the plurality of monitors.

Abstract: A solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) with self-diagnostic, self-maintenance, and self-protection capabilities includes: a power semiconductor device; an air gap disconnect unit connected in series with the power semiconductor device; a sense and drive circuit that switches the power semiconductor device OFF upon detecting a short circuit or overload of unacceptably long duration; and a microcontroller unit (MCU) that triggers the air gap disconnect unit to form an air gap and galvanically isolate an attached load, after the sense and drive circuit switches the power semiconductor device OFF. The MCU is further configured to monitor the operability of the air gap disconnect unit, the power semiconductor device, and other critical components of the SSCB and, when applicable, take corrective actions to prevent the SSCB and the connected load from being damaged or destroyed and/or to protect persons and the environment from being exposed to hazardous electrical conditions.

Abstract: An electrical meter including a housing including a socket interface operable to connect to a facility. The meter further including a sensor configured to sense a characteristic of the electrical meter. The meter further including a controller having an electronic processor and a memory. The electronic processor is configured to receive, from the sensor, a signal indicative of the electrical characteristic, determine, based on the signal, presence of a hot socket, and output an alert based on determining presence of the hot socket.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of researching and developing a seismic fault motion simulation experimental instrument, and particularly relates to a matching box body structure for simulating fault motion and a seismic fault simulation experimental platform, including a left box body and a right box body arranged in a left and right matching manner, wherein the inner cavities of the left box body and the right box body communicate with each other and form an accommodating cavity for accommodating a soil layer, both the left box body and the right box body include a main box body, two sides along the left direction and right direction have openings, and the top side has an opening; and an end cover.

Abstract: An arc fault detection device includes: a first electric line; at least one sensor for monitoring an electric current or voltage spectrum in the first electric line and outputting an analogue HF measurement signal; and an input section connected to the at least one sensor, the input section including: an input bandpass filter connected to the at least one sensor so as to filter the analogue HF measurement signal, a passband of the input bandpass filter having a predeterminable arc-frequency range so as to detect arcing effects; and a sampling mixer connected to the input bandpass filter, the sampling mixer having a sampling frequency lower than twice an upper threshold frequency of the arc-frequency range.

Abstract: Output circuit devices for use in electric power systems may include a first output subsystem for transmitting a first signal output via an output port to a component of the electric power system, an input subsystem for receiving and monitoring the first signal output transmitted by the first output subsystem, and a second output subsystem for transmitting another signal output to the component of the electric power system. The second output subsystem is to transmit the signal output in response to an indication from the input subsystem. Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and associated methods may include one or more output circuit devices.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an electronic device comprises: an input terminal configured to receive alternating current (AC) power from an external source; an output terminal configured to output the AC power; a solid state relay (SSR) configured to selectively connect the input terminal and the output terminal, the SSR comprising a zero-crossing detector, wherein the zero-crossing detector is configured to detect a zero voltage of a voltage associated with at least one voltage of the input terminal and/or the output terminal; a bypass circuit connected in parallel to the SSR and configured to selectively connect the input terminal and the output terminal; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to: obtain a power supply interruption command while supplying the AC power to the output terminal via the bypass circuit, turn on the SSR, based on the obtaining of the power supply interruption command, turn off the bypass circuit, based on the lapse of a first period after turning on the SSR, a

Abstract: A capacitive sensor includes a first conductive structure; a second conductive structure movable relative to the first conductive structure in response to an external force acting thereon, wherein the first and the second conductive structures form a first capacitor having a first capacitance that changes with a change in a distance between the first conductive structure and second conductive structure, wherein the first capacitance is representative of the external force; and a diagnostic circuit configured to detect a first leakage current in the capacitive sensor by measuring an first electrical parameter that is affected by the first leakage current and comparing the measured first electrical parameter to a first predetermined error threshold, wherein the diagnostic circuit is further configured to generate a first error signal in response to the measured first electrical parameter being greater than the first predetermined error threshold.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a leakage protective socket, relating to the technical field of electrical equipment protection. The leakage protective socket includes: a socket housing, and a leakage protector and an electrical connection portion arranged in the socket housing. The socket housing includes a support frame for fixing the electrical connection portion, a base for fixing the leakage protector, and a power socket for connecting an external power supply. One end of the electrical connection portion is provided with a wiring end, and the other end of the electrical connection portion is provided with at least one plug-in end. The leakage protector controls the opening and closing of a circuit between the power socket and the wiring end.

Abstract: A ground fault detection device includes: a detection capacitor; a switch group for switching between a first charging path connecting the battery and the detection capacitor, a second charging path connecting the battery, a negative side insulation resistance and the detection capacitor, a third charging path connecting the battery, a positive side insulation resistance and the detection capacitor, and a measurement path for measuring a charging voltage of the detection capacitor; and a controller configured to calculate the insulation resistance based on a charging voltage measured value of the detection capacitor which exists after charging each of the charging paths, wherein after measurement of the charging voltage of the second charging path, the controller is configured to cause the switch group to switch to the third charging path before switching to the first charging path.

Abstract: A circuit breaker for an electric load includes first and second terminals; a number of first separable contacts each electrically connected between one of the first terminals and one of the second terminals; a first mechanism to open, close or trip open the first contacts; a number of second separable contacts each electrically connected in series with a corresponding one of the first contacts; a second mechanism to open or close the second contacts; a processor to cause the second mechanism to open or close the second contacts, annunciate through one of the second terminals a power circuit electrical parameter for the electric load, receive from a number of the second terminals a confirmation from or on behalf of the electric load to cause the second mechanism to close the second contacts, and determine a fault state operatively associated with current flowing through the second contacts.

Abstract: A detection apparatus for unbalanced DC link capacitor voltage, the DC link provides a DC voltage and includes a plurality of capacitors coupled in series to two ends of the DC link and a plurality of balanced resistors coupled in series to two ends of the DC link and corresponding to the capacitors. The detection apparatus includes a plurality of sense resistors and a current sensor. One end of each sense resistor is coupled to a common-connected node of two capacitors, and the other end thereof is coupled to a common-connected node of two balanced resistors. The current sensor is coupled to one of the sense resistors and measures a current value of a current flowing through the sense resistor coupled to the current sensor.

Abstract: A ground fault circuit interrupter is provided, including a main control chip, a tripping unit and a self-test detection unit, wherein the tripping unit is connected with the self-test detection unit at a detection point and coupled with a load circuit; the self-test detection unit is coupled with the main control chip, and configured to detect a signal at the detection point and output the signal to the main control chip; the main control chip is coupled with the self-test detection unit, and configured to in a self-test state, simulate a circuit fault, perform self-test, and determine whether the circuit fault could be detected and an alarm signal response to the circuit fault is generated, based on the signal. A self-test function and alarm function response to a circuit fault in a ground fault circuit interrupter can be tested during a final test of production.

Abstract: In one example, an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) is provided. The AFCI may include a plurality of current arc signature detection blocks configured to output a plurality of corresponding current arc signatures, and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive each of the plurality of current arc signature from each of plurality of current arc signature detection blocks, respectively, and generate a first trigger signal. The processor may be further configured to assess each of the current arc signatures, determine whether an arc fault exists based on the assessment, and generate the first trigger signal if an arc fault is determined to exist. A method for detecting an arc fault is also provided.

Abstract: A fault monitoring device may monitor and detect for faults corresponding to a high-side voltage rail, to low-side voltage rail, or internally within a voltage source connected to the high-side voltage rail and the low-side voltage rail. The fault monitoring device may determine sample voltage levels and/or sample resistance values to detect the faults. Also, in various embodiments, the fault monitoring device may perform one or more fault monitoring processes over multiple stages. The fault monitoring device may determine the sample voltage levels and/or the sample resistance values while switching a secondary resistance circuit in different states over the multiple stages.

Abstract: A method for processing a direct current electric arc and an apparatus, includes: obtaining a first current which is a direct current input current of a direct current cable of a photovoltaic cell system; obtaining a second current, where the second current is a direct current common mode current of a direct current cable or an alternating current common mode current of an alternating current cable; calculating a correlation coefficient between a frequency domain component of the first current and a frequency domain component of the second current; and when determining that the first current meets an electric arc occurrence condition and the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset coefficient threshold, skipping sending a direct current electric arc fault alarm. The correlation coefficient is used to reflect a proportion of common mode noise generated by the second current, and the preset coefficient threshold is set.

Abstract: A structure of a ground fault circuit interrupter includes a locking arm, which is provided with a stop surface, disposed inside the ground fault circuit interrupter, and a support body fixedly connected to a soft magnet is provided with a stop portion which can interfere with the stop surface that is moving downward. The locking arm is also connected to an elastic element, and under a normal state, the elastic element moves downward the stop surface of the locking arm to interfere with the stop portion of the support body, so that the soft magnet is prevented from moving toward a permanent magnet The locking arm can also be pushed down and driven by a reset button to move upward the stop surface, so that the stop portion and the stop surface no longer interfere with each other.

Abstract: A battery cell with a galvanic cell, a first semiconductor switching element, a first cell connector electrically coupled directly to a first potential connector of the galvanic cell, and a second cell connector electrically coupled to a second potential connector of the galvanic cell via the first semiconductor switching element. The battery cell further has a third cell connector electrically coupled to the second potential connector of the galvanic cell, a second semiconductor switching element, and a fourth cell connector electrically coupled to the first potential connector of the galvanic cell via the second semiconductor switching element. A third semiconductor switching element is connected between the third cell connector and the fourth cell connector which primarily serves to switch individual battery cells out of the system regardless of the (activation or deactivation) state of the predecessor as well as successor cells.

Abstract: An arc fault detection device for detecting an arc fault in an electric line includes a first terminal and a second terminal for connecting the arc fault detection device to a conductor of the electric line. A sensor is adapted for generating a sensor signal from a current through the electric line; and a controller is adapted for detecting the arc fault from the sensor signal. The sensor includes an inductor connected to the first terminal and the second terminal and a capacitor connected in parallel with the inductor. The inductor and the capacitor form a resonant circuit with a resonance frequency, the resonance frequency determining an impedance behavior of the resonant circuit; wherein the inductor and the capacitor are chosen such that the impedance behavior of the resonant circuit corresponds to a desired impedance behavior over a relevant frequency range of the current through the electric line.

Abstract: A method for charging a high-voltage battery of an electric vehicle, comprising: providing the high-voltage battery having a nominal battery voltage; providing a charging station outputting a DC charging voltage less than the nominal battery voltage; draining current between a first battery terminal and a protective earth terminal such that the voltage between the first battery terminal and the protective earth terminal essentially matches with the voltage between a first charging terminal and the protective earth terminal, and boosting the voltage at a second charging terminal of the charging station to match the charging voltage with the nominal battery voltage.

Abstract: A DC filter device includes: a first filter device connection; a second filter device connection; a third filter device connection; a fourth filter device connection; a coil core; at least one first coil arranged on the coil core, the at least one first coil being connected in between the first filter device connection and the third filter device connection; at least one second coil arranged on the coil core, the at least one second coil being connected in between the second filter device connection and the fourth filter device connection; and a third coil arranged on the coil core, the third coil having a first coil connection and a second coil connection. The first coil connection and the second coil connection are connected to one another via a circuit device, which circuit device has a resistor.

Abstract: A system and method of protecting the input components of a power supply. An input overcurrent protection module is provided, which may be implemented in firmware, which monitors the input current through an input interface of the power supply. When the input current exceeds a threshold current (i.e., a current above the maximum rating of an input component, such as an input cable), the input current protection module determines whether an input overcurrent event is occurring. When it is determined that an input overcurrent event has occurred, the input current protection module disables the output circuitry of the power supply and triggers a few timers. The input overcurrent protection module continues to monitor the input and, if the input current continues to exceed the threshold current, is configured to shut down the power supply. In this way, input components may be protected from overcurrent issues in high-power systems.

Abstract: An electrical wiring device including: a plurality of line terminals comprising a line-side phase terminal and a line-side neutral terminal; a plurality of load terminals comprising a load-side phase terminal and a load-side neutral terminal; a line conductor electrically coupling the line-side phase terminal to the load-side phase terminal; a neutral conductor electrically coupling the line-side neutral terminal to the load-side neutral terminal; and a controller configured to trigger a trip mechanism to electrically decouple the at least one of the plurality of line terminals from at least one of the plurality of load terminals based, at least in part, on comparing a magnitude of the current differential to a threshold, wherein the threshold is a function of the frequency of the current differential.

Abstract: A circuit interrupting safety device (CISD) interrupts the flow of current through a pair of lines extending between a source of power and a load. The CISD includes a column reset assembly functioning as a circuit breaker and a contact actuator, a relay circuit including a solenoid, and a fault detecting circuit packaged in a circuit assembly. The solenoid includes a solenoid pin in an extended state when the CISD is reset and a non-extended state when the CISD is tripped.

Abstract: Compliant electrical circuit protection devices are described for use in hazardous environments without presenting ignition risks for potentially explosive environmental conditions. Sensing features and systems may evaluate wiring limits and user selected settings for compatibility, detect loose connections and operating parameters to ensure safe operation of the device, and to intelligently diagnose and manage issues of concern for the circuit protection devices as well as the larger electrical power system.

Abstract: Provided is a rotary maintenance type leakage protector which relates to a technical field of leakage protectors, and the rotary maintenance type leakage protector includes: a base, a leakage protection device, and an upper cover. The leakage protection device includes a reset key, a return rotation stopper, an electromagnetic driven device and an elastic piece, wherein the base is further provided with a conducting terminal that can be electrically connected with the elastic piece; each side of the return rotation stopper is provided with a protruding end that can be abutted against the elastic piece; the electromagnetic driven device is disposed on a side of an upper part of the base, and the electromagnetic driven device is provided with a driven iron core and can drive the driven iron core to move.

Abstract: A ground fault circuit interrupter is provided, including a sensor module, a leakage protection module, a self-test module and a tripping module. The sensor module is configured to generate a sensor current according to a detection signal. The leakage protection module is configured to: generate a trip driving signal in a detection stage according to the sensor current; and generate a trip driving signal in a non-detection stage after the self-test module has a fault. The self-test module is configured to generate the detection signal in the detection stage, and determine that the leakage protection module does not have a fault if the leakage protection module generates the trip driving signal. The tripping module is configured to respond to the trip driving signal generated in the non-detection stage to disconnect a load from a power supply circuit, and not respond to the trip driving signal generated in the detection stage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power distribution system for detecting and repairing all electrical faults, which performs at least one of immediate alarming, breaking, repairing, notifying, monitoring, and controlling according to a faulty section, place, and position where a fault occurred, if a resistance increase, an arc, an open phase, a connection failure, a partial wire disconnection, an incorrect wire connection, an abnormal voltage input, an electric leakage, a short circuit, a power imbalance occurs in three-phase or single-phase electrical equipment or in the present power distribution system.

Abstract: A system that detects temperature and current events in a power grid is provided. The system includes at least one sensor associated with an electric meter; a plurality of bus bars connected to the electric meter; at least one temperature sensor uniquely associated with each of the plurality of bus bars; and at least one current sensor uniquely associated with each of the plurality of bus bars. The system detects a plurality of temperatures and/or currents and compares the detected plurality of temperatures and/or currents to expected thresholds or threshold ranges for temperatures and/or currents in the system to provide a comparison result and determines if a notification related to temperature and/or current events in the system should be sent based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A signal sampling circuit for arc detection includes plural current sensors, plural high pass filter circuits, and an adder circuit. Each of the current sensors is configured to sense a measured current and then generate a sensed voltage signal. One of the high pass filter circuits receives the sensed voltage signal from one of the current sensors and performs high-pass filtering on the sensed voltage signal. The adder circuit performs scaling up, adding, and DC offset on the high-pass filtered sensed voltage signals. Each of the high pass filter circuits is composed of a filter capacitor and a first resistor connected in series with the filter capacitor. The adder circuit is composed of the first resistors, a first operational amplifier, and a second resistor.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter (100) for interrupting an electric current in an electrical line is disclosed. The circuit interrupter (100) includes a controller (102) for detecting a breaker fault condition. The controller (102) is connected to a first semiconductor switch (114) for energizing a solenoid (104) to trip a circuit breaker on detection of the breaker fault condition, wherein a winding of the solenoid (104) is energized to trip the circuit breaker, and wherein the solenoid (104) is configured with a center tap in the winding, such that there are two parts (106, 108) in the winding separated by the center tap. Further, upon detection of an open condition in a part of the winding, the controller (102) is configured to provide a trip signal to the circuit breaker using the other part of the winding.

Abstract: A detector is provided that generates a leakage signal corresponding to a current imbalance between a line conductor and a neutral conductor for a load, and selectively injects a test signal into the neutral conductor. A frequency of the test signal substantially corresponds to a utility frequency. The detector measures a first value of the leakage signal, determines if the first value is less than first threshold value, and begins injection of the test signal into the neutral conductor in response to determining that the that first value is less than the first threshold value. In response to injecting the test signal, the detector measures a second value of the signal, determines if the second value is greater than a second threshold value, and disconnects the line conductor from the load in response to determining that the second value is greater than the second threshold value.

Abstract: An electrical outlet receptacle including a circuit board, a set of fixed contacts and a set of movable contacts, a solenoid, a carriage, a lifting shelf, a slide mechanism, a reset plunger, and an armature.

Abstract: A power cord for a leakage current detection and interruption device including two insulated power supply lines, two leakage current detection lines for detecting a leakage current on the power supply lines, and two conductor wires. The two leakage current detection lines and the two conductor wires are electrically insulated from each other along the length of the power cord but are electrically connected in series to form a detection current path of a leakage current detection module. The leakage current detection and interruption device further includes a detection monitoring module, coupled in series to the detection current path, for detecting an open circuit condition in the detection current path. The device further includes a switch module and a drive module, which can cut off power supply in response to a detected leakage current or open circuit condition in the detection current path.

Abstract: An arc-like radio frequency (RF) noise detector device is configured to detect and display RF noise on a residential circuit branch that cause or contribute to an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) circuit breaker tripping. It includes a power cord with a plug to connect to a receptacle on a branch circuit of the AFCI circuit breaker to detect RF noise. It further includes a RF noise coupling circuit to receive power from a power entry module and coupled to an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to generate a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) signal from the detected RF noise. It further includes a power supply, a signal display device configured to receive and display the RSSI signal on a display screen to determine nature of a breaker trip event or likelihood of the breaker trip event and a battery to power the signal display device.