Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable mediums for protecting and controlling a microgrid with a dynamic boundary are disclosed. One method includes detecting a fault in a microgrid that includes a dynamic point-of-common-coupling (PCC), in response to determining that the microgrid is operating in a grid-connected mode, isolating the fault by tripping a microgrid side smart switch and a grid side smart switch that are located immediately adjacent to the fault, initiating the reclosing of the grid side smart switch, and initiating the reclosing for the microgrid side smart switch via resynchronization if the grid side smart switch is successfully reclosed, and in response to determining that the microgrid is operating in an islanded mode, isolating the fault by tripping a microgrid side smart switch that is located immediately adjacent to the fault, and initiating the reclosing of the microgrid side smart switch.

Abstract: Provided is a generator that includes a housing, a high-power circuit including a power amplifier, and a low-power circuit. An air flow guidance plate divides the housing into at least two compartments including a high-power compartment and a low-power compartment. The high-power circuit is disposed within the high-power compartment and the low-power circuit is disposed within the low-power compartment.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to detection of a broken conductor in an electric power system. In one embodiment, a broken conductor detector may be configured to be mounted to an electrical conductor and may comprise a communication subsystem configured to transmit a signal configured to indicate that the conductor is broken. A sensor may determine an operating vector. A processing subsystem may be configured to receive the operating vector from the sensor and to identify when the operating vector is outside of a range defined by a rest vector and a threshold value. In certain embodiments, the threshold may comprise a three-dimensional sphere. The processing subsystem may determine that the conductor is broken based on the operating vector remaining outside of the range for a period of time determined by the timer subsystem. A signal may be transmitted by the communication subsystem to indicate that the conductor is broken.

Abstract: A method of protecting a high-voltage network comprising the steps for maintaining first controlled switches closed and second controlled switches open; measuring voltage and current on high-voltage interfaces; communicating the direction of the current to the other end of a high-voltage line; for each node: identifying a fault; verifying that the current is lower than the current interruption capability of the high-voltage interface switch and opening this switch.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method and a system for relay diagnosis. The method includes: transmitting a control signal to the relay, wherein types of the control signal include an enable signal and a disable signal; applying a detection signal at one side of the relay, and receiving a feedback signal at the other side of the relay; and comparing the detection signal with the feedback signal to obtain a comparison result, wherein if the comparison result matches the control signal, the relay is determined as being normal, otherwise, the relay is determined as fault. The present application simply needs to concern whether the relay being diagnosed is enabled or not, and compares the received feedback signal with the applied detection signal to realize the relay diagnosis, thereby avoiding the impacts from other devices in the relay circuit. Thus, the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy can be improved.

Abstract: A first radio relay device (21) transmits a first radio frame in which a first pulse has been set, a second radio relay device (22) sends back a second radio frame in which a second pulse has been set according to detection of the first pulse from the received first radio frame, the first radio relay device (21) detects the second pulse from the received second radio frame, and either one of the relay devices adjusts a correction value included in the time synchronization packet using a transmission delay time between the two radio relay devices calculated based on at least the setting of the first pulse and the detection of the second pulse.

Abstract: A protection element for a meshed energy supply network of a means of transport, in particular of an aircraft, a meshed energy supply network having such protection elements, a method for protecting such a meshed energy supply network and a computer program for executing the method. The protection element comprises a control unit, which is formed to deduce a trigger time value from a detected fault impedance value of a network error that has occurred in the energy supply network and to adapt the trigger time value in the event of a subsequent change in the fault impedance value of the network error, and a separation unit for interrupting a connection between the protection element and the network error depending on the trigger time value.

Abstract: There is a method of fault clearance for a DC power grid (10), wherein the DC power grid (10) includes: a plurality of DC terminals (12a,12b,12c,12d); a plurality of DC power transmission media (14a,14b, 14c,14d) to interconnect the plurality of DC terminals (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d); and a plurality of DC circuit interruption device stations (18), each DC circuit interruption device station (18) being associated with a respective one of the plurality of DC power transmission media (14a,14b, 14c, 14d) and a respective one of the plurality of DC terminals (12a, 12b,12c, 12d), each DC circuit interruption device station (18) including a DC circuit interruption device (20) to selectively interrupt current flow in the associated DC power transmission medium (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d), the method comprising the steps of: (i) detecting one or more faults occurring in the plurality of DC power transmission media (14a, 14b, 14c,14d); (ii) after detecting the or each fault, opening all of the DC circuit interruption devices (20)

Abstract: A power supply line is divided into a plurality of sections by switching devices each having an associated measurement device that detects a current signal at a measurement point at the respective switching device. The current signal is sampled to form current sample values, and a current measurement variable is determined. Each measurement device forms a delta current value (difference between an instantaneous current and a prior measurement), compares the delta current value with a current threshold value and identifies a jump in current when the delta current value overshoots the threshold. The measurement device, upon identifying a current jump, sends a status message indicating the jump. A fault location device identifies a fault on that section of the power supply line delimited by a switching device that has identified a jump and one that has not identified a jump in current.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and a device for compensating for a time path. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, on the basis of not changing implemented 1588 synchronization architecture, a compensation unit is added on a service board unit, the compensation unit calculates a compensation time value for asymmetrical reception and transmission of fiber links and transfers the compensation time value into the service board unit, and the service board unit implements automatic compensation according to a port status. The method and the device for compensating for a time path according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may implement automatic compensation for receiving and sending fiber links without manually testing the asymmetry of links node by node, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be widely applied in time synchronization networks.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a protective relaying device includes a phase difference calculating unit configured to calculate a phase difference between a phase obtained by shifting a phase of first current data by 180°, and a phase of second current data, a setting unit configured to calculate a target value of elimination of a sampling synchronization error caused by a difference between a transmission delay time of up-transmission, and a transmission delay time of down-transmission on the basis of the phase difference, and to set the calculated target value, and a sampling synchronization control unit configured to carry out control of sampling synchronization such that a difference between a time TM and a time TF.

Abstract: Power distribution systems and methods are described. In one example, a method of testing a power distribution zone select interlocking system including a first circuit protection device and a second circuit protection device coupled to the first circuit protection device downstream of the first circuit protection device is described. The method includes receiving, by the second circuit protection device, an input instructing the second circuit protection device to test communication between the first circuit protection device and the second circuit protection device, and outputting, by the second circuit protection device, a blocking signal in response to the input. The first circuit protection display an indication of reception of the blocking signal to confirm proper interconnection of the zone select interlocking signals.

Abstract: A synchronization method for current differential protection comprises: selecting a point on the transmission line protected by the current differential protection; measuring the current and the voltage of each of the terminals of said transmission line; calculating the compensating voltage at the selected point respectively according to the measured current and the voltage of the each terminal; detecting and calculating the synchronization error by comparing all the compensating voltages.

Abstract: A multi-terminal power line protective relay system is provided, which divides a power transmission line having four or more terminals into two or more power line sections composed of three adjacent terminals and portions of the power transmission line lying among the three adjacent terminals and one of the three adjacent terminals being shared by two adjacent power line sections, and includes protective relays at the respective terminals including a current-driven differential protective relay element for detecting a fault occurring in a power line section through current-differential calculation by using measured currents, inter-terminal communication channels linking two protective relays at two different terminals; and intra-terminal communication channels linking two protective relays at each shared terminal.

Abstract: A differential protection system has a differential protection device at each end of a line section of an electrical power transmission line, such that it can selectively identify and safely disconnect even high-impedance faults on the monitored line section.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an autoloop system on an electrical distribution system is provided. The system includes a first branch circuit having a first recloser and a midpoint recloser and a second branch circuit having a second feeder recloser and a midpoint recloser. A tie recloser is electrically coupled between the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit wherein the tie recloser closes only after a fault is detected. A master controller associated with the first and second branch circuits communicates with the reclosers of the first and second branch circuits. The master controller includes a processor for blocking a fast tripping function of a feeder recloser in response to the detection of a fault on the other branch circuit. The portion of a circuit where a fault is detected may be isolated to minimize the portion of the first and second branch circuits without power.

Abstract: An output unit outputs a trip current based on current amount data obtained by sampling a current amount at a first end of a power line at a predetermined timing and current amount data received from a device at a second end of the power line. A clock generating unit generates a clock to be used as a reference for the predetermined timing. A receiving unit receives a GPS signal and extracts a time synchronization signal from the GPS signal. A correction-signal generating unit generates a correction signal for synchronizing the clock with the time synchronization signal. A correcting unit corrects the clock with the correction signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a remote operable over-current protection apparatus. The apparatus includes control circuitry integrally arranged on a current path and a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) switch disposed on the current path, the MEMS switch responsive to the control circuitry to facilitate the interruption of an electrical current passing through the current path. The apparatus further includes a communication connection in signal connection with the control circuitry such that the control circuitry is responsive to a control signal on the communication connection to control a state of the MEMS switch.

Abstract: In an electrical storage apparatus including an electric storage device connected between a main power supply and a load, a first bypass FET and a bypass diode which are connected in series between the main power supply and the load are provided, and first and second main path FETs connected in series between the electric storage device and the load are provided. A controller judges that the first bypass FET suffers an open-circuit failure if the voltage (Va) of the load is equal to or smaller than the first threshold value Vth1 or if the voltage (Vc) at the connection point between the first bypass FET and the bypass diode is equal to or smaller than the second threshold value Vth2, when the first bypass FET is turned on and the first main path FET and the second main path FET are turned off.

Abstract: A methodology and related system apparatus is provided to most efficiently and flexibly respond to abnormalities to reconfigure and restore service to end customers in commodity distribution systems to enhance circuit reconfiguration in an electrical power distribution system. Methodology is also provided to appropriately allocate system resources of the distribution system to prevent the potential overloading of electrical power sources. In one illustrative arrangement, the methodology is characterized by resources at each node and communications of source allocation data or messages to other nodes to request and establish an appropriate allocation of system resources.

Abstract: A cable fault detection component (168) receives input data indicative of a fault in an electrical power system. The component (168) analyzes the input data to determine if the fault is indicative of a temporary or self-clearing cable fault and generates corresponding output data (276). In one implementation, the cable fault detection component (168) is implemented as a software module which operates on a computer (105) of a substation intelligence system (104).

Abstract: A coupling node for regulating the current flow between two or more drives is described. The coupling node may include an interconnect circuit in communication with the drives for selectively opening the connection between the drives. A sensor circuit in communication with the drives measures one or more electrical properties of the drives or between the drives. A sensor circuit actuates the interconnect circuit in response to the measured electrical property of the two or more drives meeting predetermined criteria. In operation, when an electrical property of the drives, such as the current flowing between the drives, meets a predetermined criteria, such as an short circuit or current overload, as indicated by the sensor circuit, the controller actuates the interconnect circuit to open the connection between the drives.

Abstract: A method of operating a relay device, in an electrical circuit comprising first and second main circuit breakers, and a bus tie circuit breaker connecting the first and second main circuit breakers, the method comprising computing a first positive sequence current phasor for the first main circuit breaker and a second positive sequence current phasor for the second main circuit breaker computing a first positive sequence voltage phasor for the first main circuit breaker and a second positive sequence voltage phasor for the second main circuit breaker; computing a correction of the first positive sequence voltage and second positive sequence voltage to a line-to-neutral phase angle reference if there is any rotation in a potential transformer connection; determining a fault has occurred when a magnitude of a current through at least one of the first main circuit breaker or the second main circuit breaker exceeds a predetermined threshold; determining a phase angle difference by comparing the phase angle of the

Abstract: A method of operating a relay device, the method comprising the steps of: providing main circuit-breakers and a bus-tie-breaker connecting the main-circuit-breakers; defining a partial-differential-zone comprising a main circuit breaker and the bus-tie breaker; assigning a first value to the direction of the fault current flowing into the partial differential zone;—assigning a second value to the direction of the fault currents flowing out of the partial-differential-zone, wherein the first value is not equal to the second value;—comparing the values assigned to the fault currents; determining if the fault currents are flowing into the partial differential zone; and determining if at least two of the fault-currents is flowing in a different direction with respect to the partial-differential-zone wherein one of the fault currents is flowing into the partial-differential-zone and one of the fault currents is flowing out of the partial differential zone.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a technique for providing loop control on a faulted overhead or underground loop system, while preventing restored current from being fed or back fed into the fault. In particular, the invention provides a method, device, and system for restoring power to a faulted loop distribution system. The inventive method includes detecting a fault on the loop distribution system, interrupting current on the faulted part of the loop distribution system, isolating the faulted part of the loop distribution system from an unfaulted part of the loop distribution system, restoring current to the unfaulted part of the loop distribution system, and preventing the current from flowing to the faulted part of the loop distribution system. The method may further include providing the current to a load.

Abstract: A method for compensating for communications channel delay asymmetry in a current differential protection system includes determining an apparent sampling clock offset for a communications channel, the apparent sampling clock offset between a first sampling clock and a second sampling clock configured within the current differential protection system. An apparent global positioning system (GPS) clock offset is determined for the communications channel, the apparent GPS clock offset between a plurality of GPS time stamps corresponding to the first and said second sampling clocks. A compensated clock offset is determined by subtracting the apparent GPS clock offset from the apparent sampling clock offset so as to cancel out a channel asymmetry component of deviation in the apparent GPS and sampling clock off-sets.

Abstract: A switching circuit includes a microchip which, in response to a signal from a signal switch, controls the operation of a power switch which, when closed, connects a load to a battery. The microchip can monitor the status of the battery and control the power switch to ensure optimum operation of the load and optimum usage of the energy in the battery. The microchip can control the connection of the load to the battery in different ways according to the manner of operation of the signal switch.

Abstract: In order to receive protection commands in a remote tripping device, one or more signals is or are received, protection commands and combinations of protection commands are coded by means of an individual signal or by means of a predetermined combination of signals, and each protection command is allocated a predetermined minimum safety and/or security value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for preventing damage to an alternator of a genset resulting from high currents within the alternator. The method includes calculating, at a processor, a first quantity related to a current flowing through the alternator during a first time period, and comparing, at the processor, the first quantity with a first threshold. The method further includes calculating, at the processor, a second quantity related to the current flowing through the alternator during at least one of the first time period and a second time period, and comparing, at the processor, the second quantity with a second threshold. The method additionally includes indicating a current overload condition if at least one of the first quantity exceeds the first threshold or the second quantity exceeds the second threshold.

Abstract: A digital protective relay system is capable of making sampling timing the same among plural protective relay device which operate independent from each other by using a signal from a GPS satellite. The sampling timing is made the same regardless of the time lag from which it is sent downstream with the concomitant transmission delay time in the case of data communications, or regardless of the time lag from which it is sent upstream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for protecting a solar module against theft or unauthorized use by an authorized consumer. Said system comprises an interruption device on the solar module side and a release device on the consumer side. The interruption device transmits a first signal to the release device via a power line and interrupts the transfer, via a power line, of energy generated by the solar module to the consumer if the interruption device does not receive, via said power line, a second signal from the release device within a specified first period. This permits the secure and economical protection of the solar module, since a solar module protected in the manner described above is of no value without the second signal.

Abstract: The digital protection system for a high voltage electricity network to instruct circuit breakers to open in the event of faults being detected by current and/or voltage sensors on the network lines connected to the circuit breakers includes a radio link for transmitting data with a mobile telephone of the “Bluetooth” type.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective device for an electric consumer. A residual-current circuit-breaker is located in an electrical supply line between a mains connection and a switch device of the consumer. Said residual-current circuit-breaker has a detection device for recognizing a residual current and a first interrupter for interrupting the supply of electricity from the mains connection to the switch device in accordance with a switching signal from a detection device. If an electrical energy storage device is provided in the switching device, a second interrupter is provided, this second interrupter being controlled by the residual-current circuit-breaker.

Abstract: A protective relay, system, and relay operation method which allows logic functions to be distributed amongst multiple protective relays associated with a power distribution system. The protective relays include communications ports for exchanging messages over a peer-to-peer communications network, and include programmable logic. Each protective relay receives logic operands contained in the messages from remote protective relays, executes logic equations using the received operands, provides protective control if needed, and outputs operands to other protective relays.

Abstract: In systems embodying the invention, a “downed” power line is detected by sensing whether there is an open circuit along the power line and producing an indication that an open circuit condition exists. In response to an indication that an open circuit condition exists, the system compares the nature of the voltage and/or current signals present on the power line at the time an open circuit condition is indicated to exist, with a preprogrammed stored condition which includes typical signals to be expected when a “break” occurs along a power line. When a downed power line is detected, power is then removed from the affected line.

Abstract: The invention provides a power supply device which can provide a sufficiently long ending process time to an electronic equipment connected thereto even if an input voltage is disconnected abnormally and reduces the circuit area and the power consumption. The power supply device includes a switching power supply section for receiving a DC voltage as an input voltage at a primary side thereof, switching the inputted DC voltage and generating a stabilized output DC voltage at a secondary side thereof isolated from the primary side, a current detection section for generating a synchronization pulse synchronized with supply current to the switching power supply section, and a control section for outputting a detection pulse to convey disconnection of an AC input to the switching power supply section to the electronic equipment side based on the synchronization pulse.

Abstract: A digital protective relay system is capable of making sampling timing the same among plural protective relay device which operate independent from each other by using a signal from a GPS satellite. The sampling timing is made the same regardless of the time lag from which it is sent downstream with the concomitant transmission delay time in the case of data communications, or regardless of the time lag from which it is sent upstream.

Abstract: A circuit breaker system 10 (FIG. 1) using electronic trip units 35 is disclosed. The electronic trip units 35 are coupled to a communications bus 30 whereby the electronic trip units 35 can be reconfigured, controlled, and/or monitored by a central computer 20. Further, the electronic trip units are coupled to a separate control power supply line 50 and to a zone selective interlock system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling an electric power distribution system including the use and coordination of information conveyed over communications to dynamically modify the protection characteristics of distribution devices (including but not limited to substation breakers, reclosing substation breakers, and line reclosers). In this way, overall protection and reconfigurability of the distribution system or “team” is greatly enhanced. According to additional aspects of the invention, devices within the system recognize the existence of cooperating devices outside of the team's domain of direct control, managing information from these devices such that more intelligent local decision making and inter-team coordination can be performed. This information may include logical status indications, control requests, analog values or other data.

Abstract: A circuit breaker system 10 using electronic trip units 35. The electronic trip units 35 are coupled to a communications bus 30 whereby the electronic trip units 35 can be reconfigured, controlled, and/or monitored by a central computer 20. Further, the electronic trip units are coupled to a separate control power supply line 50 and to a zone selective interlock system 70 . The zone selective interlock system 70 is configured to provide tripping delays to circuit breakers located upstream from a detected fault.

Abstract: A system and method which detects and responds to abnormalities in a distribution system by reconfiguring nodes of the system to minimize the effects of the abnormality without the requirement of communicating with a central controller. The nodes in the system coordinate a response to a system abnormality through a process of self-organization in which each node acts based on its own programming, sensors, and stored data. Each node keeps other nodes apprised of its actions so that they may in turn decide what actions are appropriate for them to take.

Abstract: A load center monitor (10) is disclosed for monitoring and analyzing data gathered by electronic circuit breakers (40) in a power distribution system and communicated to the load center monitor (10) via a network (26) coupling the load center monitor (10) and the circuit breakers (40) together. The load center monitor (10) includes a first communication port (24) for communicating with the circuit breakers (40), a second communication port (20 or 22) for communicating with an external device and third communication port (28) for providing diagnostic information. The load center monitor (10) further includes audible (30) and visible (34) annunciators for providing alarm or status indications. A processor (76), coupled to the communication ports and to a memory (70) having a real-time clock for time stamping data provides monitoring, control, analysis and data generating capability in the load center monitor (10).

Abstract: A system including a load center monitor (10) connected to a plurality of digitally enhanced circuit breakers (40) by a communication bus (26) forms a network of reconfigurable circuit breakers which provides advanced monitoring and control of an electrical power distribution system. A user port (20) and a service port (22) provide a communication interface with an external computer. Visual indicators (34) and an audible alarm (30) provide for alerting persons to certain conditions in the system. Buttons are provided for CLEAR (38), RESET (36), and TEST functions, and a diagnostic port (24) is also provided. The load center monitor (10) is operable to monitor the operation of the circuit breakers (40) and download information therefrom for storage in the load center monitor (10) as in the form of historical data.

Abstract: A distribution control system that can isolate a fault section without fail, even if control of load break switches becomes impossible because of a communication error between a control center and a feeder terminal unit. If a communication error takes place between the control center and a particular feeder terminal unit, for example, feeder terminal units associated with the particular feeder terminal unit change the operation mode of their controlling load break switches from non-voltage unopened mode to non-voltage open mode.

Abstract: A method of communicating data with a plurality of electronic circuit breakers operatively connected in a power distribution system is disclosed and claimed herein. Each circuit breaker includes a communication port coupled to a network. The method comprises coupling a communication terminal, having a processing circuit and a first communication port coupled to the processing circuit, to the network via the first communication port; operating a first communication protocol for automatically addressing individual ones of the circuit breakers and for controlling message traffic on the network; and transmitting and receiving data on the network under control of the first communication protocol relating to the monitoring and control of the individually addressable ones of the plurality of electronic circuit breakers coupled to the network.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is provided that can eliminate unlawful cartridges while preventing a malfunction by checking whether there is a short-circuit of pin terminals at the time of turning on the power source and conducting further improved security checks. The electronic apparatus has an electronic apparatus body 2 and a cartridge 5 to be detachably mounted to the electronic apparatus body 2. The cartridge 5 is equipped with a connector having a plurality of terminals and is connected to the electronic apparatus body 2 via the connector. The electronic apparatus body 2 outputs a first and a second short-circuit detecting signal for conducting a short-circuit detection of a circuit portion connected via the plurality of terminals.

Abstract: A system and method which detects and responds to abnormalities in a distribution system by reconfiguring nodes of the system to minimize the effects of the abnormality without the requirement of communicating with a central controller. The nodes in the system coordinate a response to a system abnormality through a process of self-organization in which each node acts based on its own programming, sensors, and stored data. Each node keeps other nodes apprised of its actions so that they may in turn decide what actions are appropriate for them to take.

Abstract: A fault protection arrangement for electric power distribution systems includes a plurality of power sources connected to a distribution bus through circuit breakers and a plurality of loads connected through switches to the distribution bus, along with fault sensors in each of the power source lines and load lines and a control means responsive to detection of a fault in a load line to open the circuit breakers in the power source lines connected to the distribution bus and then to open the switch in the load line containing the fault and then to reclose the circuit breakers in the power source line to resume power flow to unaffected loads. The embodiments provide automatic fault isolation and automatic system realignments using a minimum amount of circuit interrupting devices in conjunction with a distributed control system. The embodiments eliminate fault coordination difficulties and improve power continuity as compared to conventional hierarchal protective schemes.

Abstract: A communication terminal (10) is coupled to and operable in a power line network with at least one of plurality of intelligent circuit breakers (40) wherein each such circuit breaker (40) has a communication port. The terminal (10) includes a housing and connection means (12, 14) for connecting the terminal (10) to the power line network. The terminal (10) includes a processing circuit (76) and communication ports (24, 22, 20) for communicating over communication links with the circuit breakers (40) or other external devices according to a message protocol defined for the system.

Abstract: A first trip unit for interconnection with a second trip unit includes current transformers and potential transformers for sensing current, voltage and frequency conditions of a circuit breaker's separable contacts. A microprocessor-based trip mechanism provides a trip signal, which is employed by the circuit breaker's operating mechanism to open the separable contacts as a function of the sensed electrical conditions and related predetermined operating values. The microcomputer's transceiver communicates with the second trip unit over a passive two-wire communication cable to acquire the predetermined settings of the second trip unit. The microcomputer includes a firmware routine which employs the acquired predetermined settings as its predetermined values.