Abstract: A solar lighting apparatus uses optical fibers to transmit solar light for illumination. The apparatus includes a support frame, optical fibers, a hybrid solar light diffuser and a reflective sheet. The optical fibers are fastened to the support frame and are spaced apart from each other at regular intervals. The hybrid solar light diffuser is coupled to a lower portion of the support frame and includes a diffusion plate and diffusion lenses which are provided on the diffusion plate at positions corresponding to the respective optical fibers. Each diffusion lens has a width increasing from a top thereof to a bottom. An incident depression is formed in the upper end of each diffusion lens. A reflective surface is formed on the circumferential outer surface of each diffusion lens to diffuse and reflect solar light. The reflective sheet is applied to the lower surface of the support frame.

Abstract: An assembled type lamp wall comprises a base, at least one fastening holder and at least one lamp panel, wherein the fastening holder has a fitting portion provided for joining the base and a bottom portion that is stably in contact with ground. The fitting portion of the fastening holder is disposed with at least one screw through hole. The base has a plurality of screw holes aligning the at least one screw through hole and respectively and circularly disposed at a location of joining the fastening holder so that the several lamp panels can be horizontally extended and arranged on the base, and other screw holes align the screw through holes on the fastening holder, and a purpose of easily regulating the lamp panels 30 can be easily achieved by means of screwing the screw into the screw hole.

Abstract: A compact solar simulator includes a target surface for a solar module, an enclosure behind the target surface, and at least one source fixture including a lamp in the enclosure spaced from the target surface. Diffusing surfaces about the source fixture diffuse radiation emitted by the lamp. Specular reflectors are positioned to steer the diffused radiation to the target surface and are oriented to create a uniform intensity distribution across the target surface. Moreover, the surface area of any desired filters is reduced and any longitudinal non-uniform intensity distribution of the lamp is corrected.

Abstract: A white color light source of an organic light emitting diode is provided and is suitable for irradiating on plants. The white color light source includes a first color light and a second color light. A peak in the frequency spectrum of the first color light is within a first wavelength range. A peak in the frequency spectrum of the second color light is within a second wavelength range. The white color light source is at least formed by mixing the first color light and the second color light, wherein an intensity of a frequency spectrum of a wavelength range from 520 nm to 580 nm is substantially equal to or less than 20% of a total intensity of a frequency spectrum of the white color light source.

Abstract: A solar cell simulator that is cylindrically symmetrical to test photovoltaic devices that are flexible. A particular embodiment would be made from plexiglass or similar acrylic material. The present invention produces a spectrum that simulates the spectral distribution of solar light that we observe on the Earth's surface. The simulator would be comprised of a tubular pulsed light source, a pulsed power supply, a tubular light spectrum filter, an IV electrical measurement station, a cylinder-shaped module holder to place the flexible large-area module during the measurement. All cylinders share the same central axis. This maintains radial uniformity of all light intensity and can be used for electrical measurements (IV curves under illumination) of flexible large-area PV modules.

Abstract: A solar simulator in which locational unevenness of irradiance is reduced by using a small and simple optical system, having an array of light emitters 2 with a plurality of point light emitters planarly arranged in a given range 24, an effective irradiated region 4 spaced apart from a surface having the point light emitters 26 arranged thereon, and a reflection mirror 6 disposed to surround the given range 24 of the array. Preferably, a distance L between the point light emitter positioned at the outermost portion of given range 24 of the array of light emitters 2 and a light-reflecting surface of the reflection mirror is half of a pitch a of the array of the point light emitters and, more preferably, the distance L is larger than half of a width b of each point light emitter, and smaller than half of the pitch a.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a substantially cylindrical tube defining an interior and an exterior, and a longitudinal axis extending between a first end and a second end. The first end of the tube defines a substantially cylindrical opening disposed in a plane at a first angle that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the second end of the tube defines a substantially elliptical opening disposed in a plane at a second angle that is substantially non-perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. A reflective surface is provided on the interior of the tube, and a substantially cylindrical flashing is provided about the exterior of the tube. A substantially transparent dome is coupled to the tube proximate the first end, and a diffuser is coupled to the tube proximate the second end.

Abstract: A system for controlling a motorized track light system constrained to travel along a track has a control unit coupled to a motor that causes the track light system to move along the track, a plurality of stop sensors strategically disposed along the track, a sensor activation device located on the track light system, the sensor activation device positioned to interface with the stop sensors, and a light sensor for detecting ambient light of a preset level. The system detects a preset level of ambient light, initiating power to the motor of the track light system, moving the lights along the track until the activation device interfaces with a first of the plurality of stop sensors, stopping movement of the track light system along the track for a preset period of time, and at the end of the preset time period, the electrical power is restored to the motor moving the track light assembly along the track to the next of the plurality of stop sensors.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for harnessing external light to illuminate a display screen of an electronic device are provided. The display screen may be illuminated using a light harness, a reflector, a translucent surface, or any combination thereof. The light harness may be cylindrical or hexahedral. The light harness may be coupled to an external light input or a collector. The reflector may be repositioned toward or away from the display screen to reflect external light toward the display screen. The translucent surface may allow external light to pass through it to illuminate the display screen. The translucent surface may protect the rear face of the display screen, or the rear face of the display screen may itself be translucent.

Abstract: A solar simulator includes a light source, an optical reflection element positioned behind the light source to reflect light emitted from the light source in a form of pseudo parallel light, a low-angle light-diffusion optical element for diffusing the reflected light from the optical reflection element at a low diffusion angle, and a parallel light conversion optical element including a number of air holes arranged in parallel rows and provided with faculties for transmitting incident light parallel to the axis of the air holes to absorb or attenuate nonparallel incident light. The parallel light conversion optical element converts the incident light from the low-angle light-diffusion optical element to parallel light and emits the converted parallel light.

Abstract: A system for combining exterior light with artificial lighting, comprising a light shielding arrangement (2) for shielding exterior light from a space (5) and at least one light source (6) arranged to emit artificial light that is directed toward the exterior side of the light shielding arrangement (2), which light source (6) is controllable in response to current exterior lighting conditions. The system further comprises a controller (8) connected to said light source (6), which is arranged to control light emission of the light source (6) in response to a current position of the light shielding arrangement, so as to emulate an effect of exterior light escaping through the light shielding arrangement. The artificial light can thus be controlled (manually or automatically) to compensate for lack of sufficient exterior light, and the controller ensures that the artificial light is emitted in such a way as to be perceived as exterior light.

Abstract: A light emitting fixture carried by a ceiling, wherein the fixture includes an electrical light source which emits generated light in response to an electrical signal and an optical fiber with light emitting and light collecting ends. The optical fiber emits collected light from the light emitting end in response to receiving incident light at the light receiving end.

Abstract: A simulated solar light irradiation device (30) includes (i) a light source section including a first light source (1) and a second light source (2), (ii) light selection means (7) for selecting and emitting (a) light, having shorter-wavelengths than a predetermined boundary wavelength, in first light irradiated by the first light source (1) and (b) light, having longer-wavelengths than the predetermined boundary wavelength, in second light irradiated by the second light source (2), and (iii) control means (5, 6) for controlling a directivity of the first light or a directivity of the second light so that the first light or the second light enters the light selection means (7) at a predetermined incident angle. In this way, it is possible to irradiate designed simulated solar light without increasing a size of the device.

Abstract: Techniques for solar cell electrical characterization are provided. In one aspect, a solar testing device is provided. The device includes a solar simulator; and a continuous neutral density filter in front of the solar simulator having regions of varying light attenuation levels ranging from transparent to opaque, the continuous neutral density filter having an area sufficiently large to filter all light generated by the solar simulator, and wherein a position of the continuous neutral density filter relative to the solar simulator is variable so as to control a light intensity produced by the device. A solar cell electrical characterization system and a method for performing a solar cell electrical characterization are also provided.

Abstract: A light radiation device that radiates light with a desired spectrum and controlled directivity is provided. A light radiation device (100) according to the present invention includes: a light source (101); an optical waveguide (107); and a spectrum modulating member (104), the optical waveguide (107) guiding incident light from the light source (101) thereinto through a plane of incidence, causing the light to be reflected by sides of the optical waveguide (107), and emitting directivity-controlled light through a plane of emission, the spectrum modulating member (104) attenuating a spectrum in a particular band of wavelengths among the directivity-controlled light, the optical waveguide (107) becoming narrower from the plane of emission toward the plane of incidence, the spectrum modulating member (104) being provided toward the plane of emission of the optical waveguide (107).

Abstract: A display. A casing includes an opening. A light guide plate is disposed in the casing. A display panel is disposed in the casing and is adjacent to the light guide plate. A light-guiding member is movably disposed in the opening and includes a first light-permeable portion, a second light-permeable portion, and at least one non-light-permeable portion. The first light-permeable portion is opposite the second light-permeable portion. The non-light-permeable portion is disposed between the first and second light-permeable portions. When the light-guiding member is moved to a first position, the second light-permeable portion connects to the light guide plate and light in the exterior of the casing enters the light guide plate via the first and second light-permeable portions. When the light-guiding member is moved to a second position, the non-light-permeable portion connects to the light guide plate and the light does not enter the light guide plate.

Abstract: An illumination system is provided, including a plurality of first illumination units, a plurality of second illumination units, a projecting adjusting module and a focus adjusting module. The projecting adjusting module is connected to the first illumination units to adjust the projection pattern. The focus adjusting module is connected to the first and second illumination units to adjust the focus position of the illumination units.

Abstract: A solar simulator including a light source and a light conduit array is provided. The light source is used for emitting a beam of ray radiation. The light conduit array includes a plurality of light conduits closely adjacent to one another. Each of the light conduits has an inner reflecting surface used for reflecting the ray radiation, a light input side, and a light output side opposite to the light input side. The ray radiation enters the light conduits through the light input side and emitting from the light output side.

Abstract: A light source device according to the present invention includes: a light source section; a light guide member provided at a position where the light guide member receives light emitted from the light source section, the light guide member having a tapered shape in which the light guide member gradually increases in width from its incident surface toward its emission surface, and an optical filter provided at a position where the optical filter receives light emitted from the light guide member, the optical filter reducing a spectrum having a predetermined waveband from the light. This makes it possible to provide a light source device which can control a radiation angle of light and which is downsized, and a pseudo-sunlight irradiation device including the light source device.

Abstract: A decollimator for a daylighting system includes a conical section having a circular end, a square end, and a conical shape tapering inwardly from the circular end to the square end. A mixing zone section is attached to the square end of the conical section and has a square cross sectional shape of a substantially constant cross sectional dimension. The decollimator also includes either a window with a converging Fresnel lens on the circular end of the conical section, a window with a diverging Fresnel lens on an end of the mixing zone section opposite the conical section, or both. When the conical section receives collimated light, the conical section, the mixing zone section, and the Fresnel lens together decollimate the light and provide the decollimated light out of the mixing zone section.

Abstract: Daylighting systems and methods with auxiliary lighting fixtures are disclosed. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a daylighting apparatus including a tube having a sidewall with a reflective interior surface and an auxiliary light fixture. The tube can be disposed between a transparent cover positioned to receive daylight and a diffuser positioned inside a target area of a building. In certain embodiments, the tube is configured to direct the daylight transmitted through the transparent cover towards the diffuser. The auxiliary light fixture can include a lamp disposed within the tube and a light control surface configured to reflect light exiting the lamp towards the diffuser and to transmit daylight propagating through the tube from the direction of the transparent cover. The lamp can be disposed on the sidewall of the tube.

Abstract: A solar simulator filter includes filter material configured to achieve class A performance for the spectral output of the optical source except between about 900 and 1,100 nm. Openings in the filter material increase the average effective transmittance between about 900 and 1,100 nm to achieve class A performance for the spectral output of the source.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for harnessing external light to illuminate a display screen of an electronic device are provided. The display screen may be illuminated using a light harness, a reflector, a translucent surface, or any combination thereof. The light harness may be cylindrical or hexahedral. The light harness may be coupled to an external light input or a collector. The reflector may be repositioned toward or away from the display screen to reflect external light toward the display screen. The translucent surface may allow external light to pass through it to illuminate the display screen. The translucent surface may protect the rear face of the display screen, or the rear face of the display screen may itself be translucent.

Abstract: A solar simulator that simultaneously solves problems of high parallelism and high illuminance of emission light and increases uniformity of the emission light is provided. The following is an examiner's statement of reasons for allowance: Instant application claims and discloses a solar simulator that allows light radiated from a light source to be incident on an integrator, allows light emitted from integrator to be incident on a collimation lens, and allows parallel light to be emitted from collimation lens when a circumradius of integrator is r, a parallelism angle of parallel light is .phi., and a focal distance of collimation lens is f=r/tan.phi., focal distance f is selected so parallelism angle .phi. becomes less than 2.5.degree., and when an emission angle of light emitted from integrator is .theta., a diameter of collimation lens is D, and a viewing angle of collimation lens when viewed from integrator is .theta.X=2.times.a tan (D/2f), emission angle .theta.

Abstract: A solar cell simulator that is cylindrically symmetrical to test photovoltaic devices that are flexible. A particular embodiment would be made from plexiglass or similar acrylic material. The present invention produces a spectrum that simulates the spectral distribution of solar light that we observe on the Earth's surface. The simulator would be comprised of a tubular pulsed light source, a pulsed power supply, a tubular light spectrum filter, an IV electrical measurement station, a cylinder-shaped module holder to place the flexible large-area module during the measurement. All cylinders share the same central axis. This maintains radial uniformity of all light intensity and can be used for electrical measurements (IV curves under illumination) of flexible large-area PV modules.

Abstract: Disclosed is a full spectrum sunshine simulation apparatus for developing biological growth which comprises a full spectrum light emitting diode module and a photoperiod controller. Therein, the full spectrum light emitting diode module includes a printed circuit board and a plurality of full spectrum light emitting diodes, wherein the luminescence spectrum of the full spectrum light emitting diodes has a wavelength range of 350 nm to 800 nm. The photoperiod controller, connected to the full spectrum light emitting diode module, is in charge of lighting periods of the plurality of full spectrum light emitting diodes, color temperatures and emitting angles of the lights emitted from the plurality of full spectrum light emitting diodes, thereby simulating a environment under artificial sunlight.

Abstract: According to the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously solve problems of high parallelism and high illuminance of emission light and increase uniformity of the emission light. In a solar simulator that allows light radiated from a light source to be incident on an integrator 4, allows light emitted from the integrator 4 to be incident on a collimation lens 5, and allows parallel light to be emitted from the collimation lens 5, when a circumradius of the integrator 4 is r, a parallelism angle of the parallel light is ?, and a focal distance of the collimation lens is f=r/tan?, the focal distance f is selected such that the parallelism angle ? becomes 2° or less. When an emission angle of the light emitted from the integrator 4 is ?, a diameter of the collimation lens 5 is D, and a viewing angle of the collimation lens 5 when viewed from the integrator 4 is ?X=2×a tan (D/2f), the emission angle ? is configured to be smaller than the viewing angle ?X.

Abstract: An illumination maintenance system for maintaining a desired illumination profile in a space throughout at least a portion of a day, the space being illuminable by both daylight and electric light, the system comprising a sensor for sensing an illumination level in at least a portion of the space; a plurality of dimmable electric lamps providing the electric light to supplement the daylight illumination of the space, the electric lamps arranged in one or more zones in the space, the zones defining predefined volumes of the space, each zone having at least one lamp; a control system controlling the dimming levels of the plurality of electric lamps, the at least one lamp of each zone being controlled to a dimming level to achieve a desired illumination level in the respective zone according to the desired illumination profile and compensate for the daylight illumination in the space throughout at least the portion of the day; wherein the dimming level of each lamp is selected by the control system from one of a

Abstract: The inside surface of a cover for a skylight is molded to have a variable prism that directs low-angle light into the skylight tube and that reflects away some high-angle light, to achieve a more constant light output over the course of the day. The prism is established by a series of circular parallel grooves, with grooves nearer the apex of the cover having cross-sections that are different than the cross-sections of grooves nearer the periphery of the cover.

Abstract: A convertible lamp array device comprising a spine member and a first and second side panels rotatably connected to the spine member. The spine member and the first and second side panels have at least one source of light connected thereto. The first side panel and the second side panel can be rotated relative to the spine member into an open position to allow the sources of light emit light towards a target area. The first side panel and the second side panel can be rotated in a second direction relative to the spine member to arrange the device in a closed position for storage of the device. The device is free standing in the open position to allow the device to be used without any external support.

Abstract: To provide a solar simulator which has a plurality of xenon arc lamps as a light source, in which a predetermined amount of light is stably obtained from each of the xenon arc lamps so that constant irradiance over a test plane is ensured. The solar simulator comprises a plurality of xenon arc lamps; a plurality of light amount sensors provided one for each of the xenon arc lamps; and a plurality of control circuits provided one for each of the xenon arc lamps, for controlling a current flowing through, or a voltage applied to, each of the xenon arc lamps, wherein a detection signal output from each of the light amount sensors is fed back to each of the control circuits to control the relevant control circuit, to thereby control the amount of light emitted from each of the xenon arc lamps.

Abstract: To provide the solar simulator that facilitates making the flash light emitted from the lamp into the desirable irradiance waveform. In the solar simulator 1, the controller 12, according to the control pattern preset to maintain the flash light F emitted from the xenon lamp 14 at the target irradiance for a certain period of time, controls the electric current, which is discharged from the condenser assembly 26 and flowing through the xenon lamp 14, by performing the switching drive on the power switching element 20.

Abstract: A solar simulator combines mercury lamps and halogen lamps, to improve upon conventional solar simulators using halogen and infrared lamps which cannot recreate an environment close to that under real sunlight, and upon solar simulators using expensive and fragile metal halide lamps and arc xenon lamps. An environment recreation laboratory for solar simulation includes a lamp bank mounted at an upper portion thereof and including a plurality of halogen lamps, halogen filter lamps being halogen lamps provided with an infrared filter, respectively, and mercury lamps. A temperature control unit includes a cooling unit that discharges air to cool the lamp bank, and an air conditioner that distributes the air discharged by the cooling unit. An electrical panel controls operations of the lamp bank and the temperature control unit, such that an environment within the environment recreation laboratory may very closely simulate the environment under real sunlight.

Abstract: A horticultural light system integrating a grow lamp and lamp ballast within a single fixture. The grow lamp is enclosed by the lower exterior structure and benefits from cooling atmosphere that is forced through the lower exterior structure to regulate the grow lamp temperature. The lamp ballast is mounted to a ballast plate above the lower exterior structure. The ballast plate shields the lamp ballast from the heated atmosphere as it rises off the top of the lower exterior structure. Stand offs or other separation means keep the ballast plate at a distance from the top of the lower exterior structure to create an air gap that thermally isolates the lamp ballast from the heat generated by the grow lamp, thereby increasing the reliability and life of the lamp ballast.

Abstract: The artificial window (1) for use in apartments which lack a window through which day light may enter, has a light box (10) in which three sets of color lamps as light sources (13R,13G,13B) are mounted behind a diffuser (14). A window frame (20) is present in front of the diffuser (14) and a transparent plate (21) in the window frame (20), remote from the diffuser (14). Drivers (15) are present to start, to operate and to dim the light sources (13) thereby allowing to imitate natural light at different seasonal and time conditions. A number of features are described that further enhance the appearance of a real window.

Abstract: A horticultural light fixture for reducing the temperature impact of the light source on growing plants, including a hollow sheet metal tube, having first and second round hollow ends and a cutaway portion on the underside open towards the plants with at least one lamp socket mounted within said metallic tube, locating the lamp over the cutaway portion, further including a reflector mounted within the metallic tube and extending out through the cutaway portion, constructed and arranged to deflect light from the lamp toward the plants, having a transparent portion fittingly attached to the reflector between the lamp and the plants being impermeable to the heated atmosphere while allowing light to pass through.

Abstract: An electronic-ballast lamp system comprises a modular lamp ballast in a plug-in housing. A light fixture has matching sockets for the ballast and is pre-wired for the intended lamp tubes. In one instance, an electronic ballast accepts 100-300 VAC and 50-60 Hz power inputs, and provides the correct rapid-start, instant-on, or standard lamp outputs as sensed from the lamps themselves, or as read from a data card embedded in the light fixture. The data card is read optically or electronically, depending on application, or the lamp types may be dialed-in on the ballast itself.

Abstract: A nightlight provides therapeutic effects on the human body and mind including promoting relaxation, sleep and wakefulness. The nightlight includes a housing, a light source, a central processor, one or more controls, and a power supply. The light source produces at least three illumination modes including a sleep readiness mode at about 40 lumens which preferably includes only light from the blue and yellow portions of the visible light spectrum, a sleep help mode providing substantially monochromatic light in the blue or green spectrum, and a wake-up mode providing substantially full spectrum light at approximately 1,600 lumens. The nightlight may be incorporated into a bedside alarm clock. The alarm function may be provided by illumination of one of the three nightlight's illumination modes, which is preferably the wake up mode which may illuminate slowly or substantially immediately to full brightness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved countermeasure for circadian and sleep disruption as caused by a traditional alarm clock. It incorporates a lighting system at the alarm clock that, prior to the preset waking time, will emit a light that gradually increases in intensity as it changes the ultraviolet spectrum of light it emits, so as to simulate the rising sun. This will ease the waking process for many people, especially those prone to simple disruptions of their circadian regulation. It may also be set to operate in a reverse mode so as to simulate the setting sun thus helping stimulate melatonin production and easing one into sleep.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for preventing incorrect lighting changes in a daylight-harvesting system, which controls the output of a lighting system based on the presence of daylight and/or other light sources to reduce energy usage. During operation, the system measures a first light level using a first sensor. Next, the system measures a second light level for a different field-of-view using a second sensor. When the system detects through the first sensor a change in the first light level, the system determines from the second sensor whether the second light level has also changed. If the first sensor and the second sensor both detect a change (in the same direction) in the measured light levels, the system adjusts the light output of the lighting system to maintain target light levels for the area.

Abstract: A personal floatation device that includes contacts that close a circuit when the personal floatation device is in water. The closed circuit provides a connection between batteries and a lamp, lighting the lamp. The personal floatation device is buoyant so that it floats when dropped in the water.

Abstract: An illumination maintenance system for maintaining a desired illumination profile in a space throughout at least a portion of a day where the illumination sources include daylight and artificial light, the system comprising a first sensor for sensing an illumination level in at least a portion of the space, at least one window treatment for at least one opening for allowing daylight into the space, the window treatment selectively altering the amount of daylight entering the space, a plurality of electric lamps providing artificial light to supplement the daylight illumination of the space; the electric lamps being dimmable, a control system controlling the at least one window treatment and the plurality of electric lamps to maintain the desired illumination profile in the space, the control system controlling the plurality of electric lamps so that the dimming level of each lamp is adjusted to achieve the desired lighting profile and compensate for the daylight illumination in the space throughout at least t

Abstract: A smart, adaptive control system that monitors and influences physical conditions of an architectural setting. The architectural setting in which the system is deployed typically includes a plurality of private spaces and at least one community space. The individual private spaces, and the community spaces, may include an environmental control device that affects one or more physical conditions of the individual private space. Each private space may also include an environmental sensor that measures a particular physical condition of the private space. The private spaces may also include one or more occupant sensors, which measure either behavioral or physiological parameters of an occupant. The environmental control devices, environmental sensors, and occupant sensors are in communication with a computer. The computer is also in communication with a database, which houses a data set that describes how to best modify the physical conditions of the architectural setting.

Abstract: The invention relates to optical filters comprising an opacified portion. The optical filters are preferably suitable for use in illuminators for weathering devices.

Abstract: A nightlight is provided for providing therapeutic effects on the human body and mind including promoting relaxation, sleep and wakefulness. The nightlight includes a housing, a light source, a central processor, one or more controls, and a power supply. The light source produces at least three modes having various light properties. The light modes include a sleep readiness mode, a sleep help mode and a wake-up mode. The sleep readiness mode produces light at about 40 lumens and preferably includes only light from the blue and yellow portions of the visible light spectrum. The sleep help mode produces monochromatic light in the blue or green spectrum. Preferably, the light undulates at a frequency of one cycle per second to one cycle per minute at a luminosity of between 5 lumens and 25 lumens. Meanwhile, the wake-up mode produces substantially full spectrum light at approximately 1,600 lumens. The processor and controls allow a person to select and control the various light modes.

Abstract: For good health, exposure to a variety of wavelengths is needed. A balance in the exposure from day to day and throughout the year is necessary. Avoidance of overexposure by having moderation in the exposure is essential to prevent skin cancer and other disorders. The present invention can enhance the probability for good health and reduce the risk of diseases associated with solar radiation exposure and diet for those person with deficient, excess or non-balanced exposure and diet. A key feature of the invention is the use of whole body exposure when possible. This enables the use of very low irradiances for short periods. This results in an overall reduction in the risk of skin cancer. Several techniques are included to increase the UV-B exposure.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method and apparatus for modifying the irradiation distribution of a radiation source. In accordance with the method the radiation source (1) is used to direct radiation to an essentially planar target surface (6). In accordance with the invention between the radiation source (1) and the target surface (6), several plates (4), which are essentially transparent to the radiation and have spaces between them, are placed close to the radiation source (1), in order to use the reflection and absorption of the transparent plates (4) to attenuate the radiation to desired areas.

Abstract: In a method of irradiating an object with simulated solar radiation using a plurality of light sources, the object is irradiated with simulated solar radiation resulting from superimposed light rays from a plurality of light sources including light sources having different times at which light emission output reaches a peak.

Abstract: The present invention discloses unique flashlight head construction that includes an array of lighting elements individually arranged in a corresponding array of reflector cups. Each lighting element in the flashlight head of the present invention is individually contained within a single reflector cup that both collects and directs the emitted light while protecting the lighting element from damage. Further, the present invention provides a unique structure that facilitates the sealing of the flashlight head to enhance the manufacture of a durable and waterproof flashlight.

Abstract: A plant cultivation method, wherein plants are cultivated by using means for irradiating pulsed light with a period of 2 &mgr;sec to 1 msec and a duty ratio (DT ratio) of 20 to 70%, using a light emitting diode that emits white light or two types of light of white and red as the light source, and a plant cultivation illuminator used therein.