Abstract: A flash lamp includes a bulb including a stein, conductive linear members extending to penetrate the stein, and a trigger probe having a discharging portion configured to control discharge, wherein the conductive linear member has a lead pin and an anode protruding toward the conductive linear member on a tip end side of the conductive linear member with respect to the lead pin, wherein the lead pin and the anode are integrally formed members, wherein the conductive linear member has a lead pin and a cathode protruding toward the conductive linear member on a tip end side of the conductive linear member with respect to the lead pin, wherein the lead pin and the cathode are integrally formed members, and wherein the discharging portion of the trigger probe is disposed between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A spectral filter includes a curved filtering element including a concave surface forming a portion of a sphere. The concave surface may be positioned to receive light diverging from an output face of an optical fiber located at a first location proximate to a center of the sphere corresponding to the concave surface. The concave surface may transmit a first portion of a spectrum of the light. The concave surface may further reflect and focus a second portion of the spectrum to a second location proximate to the center of the sphere. The spectral filter may further include a collector to direct the second portion of the spectrum away from the output face of the optical fiber.

Abstract: There is provided a mounting bracket for attaching a light fixture to a light pole, with the light pole having an external surface, an internal surface defining an internal cavity, and a pair of apertures extending from the external surface to the internal surface. The mounting bracket includes an internal support sized and structured to be insertable within the internal cavity of the light pole. The internal support includes a housing and a pair of fasteners moveable relative to the housing and alignable with respective ones of the pair of apertures. An external support is sized and structured to be positionable adjacent the external surface of the light pole, the external support having a pair of slots formed therein and alignable with respective ones of the pair of fasteners. A mount body is slidably engageable with the external support and is pivotally connectable to the light fixture.

Abstract: A field-correcting optical element configured to be arranged in an adaptive lighting device crosswise to light rays emitted by a plurality of light sources includes an entrance face through which light rays enter and an exit face through which these light rays exit. At least one segment of the entrance face is covered with an antireflection coating that is able to increase the transmittance of light rays through the optical element.

Abstract: This document describes a mounting structure that is used to pivotally mount and orient a lighting device with respect to a support structure. The light fixture includes an interface plate having at least one tilt aperture. Each tilt aperture corresponds to a tilt angle of the light fixture. The mounting structure includes a mounting slot for engaging with a mounting element of the interface plate, along with a semi-circular slot that overlaps the at least one tilt aperture when the light fixture is pivotally mounted on the mounting structure. The mounting structure also includes a fastening device that, when routed through the semi-circular slot for insertion into the tilt aperture, orients the light fixture pivotally mounted on the mounting structure at a tilt angle. The fastening device is lockably engaged within the semi-circular slot at a position corresponding to the tilt angle.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for a light mounting base to which a light may be selectably coupled. The light mounting base can be selectably engaged with a target mounting surface, thereby allowing the light to be mounted thereto. The light mounting base can comprise one or more target mounting surface engaging components that can be used to selectably engage the base with the target mounting surface. The light mounting base may be configured to selectably mount on a door or panel. Further, the base may be configured to mechanically engage with a target mounting surface, such as a wall, thereby selectably fastening the light mounting base and attached light to the target mounting surface.

Abstract: A lighting device including an ultraviolet light source emanating ultraviolet light, a visual light source and a light directing device. The visual light source is coupled to the ultraviolet light source, and the visual light source emanates visual light. The light directing device is arranged to direct the visual light in a first direction primarily within an angle of illumination. The light directing device is further arranged to direct the ultraviolet light in an area wider than the angle of illumination.

Abstract: A light-source optical system according to the present invention includes a laser light source that radiates excitation light; a wavelength conversion unit that is irradiated with the excitation light to generate light having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light; and a light deflection and convergence unit that causes an odd number of light beams greater than or equal to three, radiated from the wavelength conversion unit in mutually different directions, to converge at and re-enter the wavelength conversion unit from the backward direction of another light beam, radiated in a direction different from the directions of the odd number of light beams greater than or equal to three, thereby making the odd number of light beams greater than or equal to three overlap the other light beam.

Abstract: Provided is a printed circuit board (1) on which the power supply circuit is mounted and a casing (2) which is shaped like a flat as a whole and in which the printed circuit board (1) is housed. An input terminal (11) of the power supply circuit is connected to an input socket (3) fixed to one end part, in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the printed circuit board (1), of the casing. An output terminal (12) of the power supply circuit is connected to an output socket (4) protrudes from one side, in the thickness direction of the printed circuit board (1), of the casing (2). The casing (2) has a bulge part (21) which protruded to an opposite side to the protruding side of the output socket (5) and to which the input socket (3) is fixed.

Abstract: Techniques related to generating daylight-like light from green laser and magenta phosphor are disclosed. Such light may be used in headlights of vehicles. The daylight-like light generated from green laser and filtered through magenta phosphor is almost white or substantially white. The white laser is generated from green laser that is filtered through magenta phosphor. The green laser is well known for producing the highest perceived intensity among all colored lasers with equal or similarly provided energy and is low to obtain in cost.

Abstract: A luminaire with a prismatic optic permits the nearly uniform distribution of light about the luminaire. The prismatic optic permits the use of directional light sources, such as light emitting diodes, while maintaining the uniform light distribution. Furthermore, a concave shape of the optic further enables uniform light distribution. When light emitting diodes are used, the luminaire further includes a heat sink to maintain a desirable operational temperature without negatively affecting the light distribution properties of the luminaire.

Abstract: The present subject matter utilizes solid state sources to pump remote phosphors positioned within lighting fixtures to facilitate visible light illumination application in a region or area to be inhabited by a person. One or more phosphors are remotely positioned in a chamber of a lightguide element, which in some examples, substantially fills an optical volume of the fixture. The chamber includes a solid liquid or gas material for bearing the one or more phosphors. Multiple phosphors, for example, may together produce light in the fixture output that is at least substantially white and has a color rendering index (CRI) of 75 or higher.

Abstract: A display device includes a light source portion including a plurality of LEDs, and cover portions that cover the light source portion. Each cover portion includes an opposed portion and a side wall portion. The opposed portion includes a straight-through portion which allows light emitted from the light source portion to travel straightly, whereas the side wall portion includes a first scatter portion which scatters the light emitted from the light source portion. A portion of the light emitted from the light source portion to the straight-through portion leaves the cover portion to the outside without being scattered. A different portion of the light emitted to the straight-through portion repeats reflection inside the opposed portion, reaches the side wall portion, and is scattered in the first scatter portion.

Abstract: A digital table lamp includes a support arm, a lamp shade and a base connected with the opposite two ends of the support arm respectively, a circuit board and an optical disk drive. The circuit board and the optical disk drive are located inside the base respectively; the base has a plurality of through holes formed thereon; the circuit board has a plurality of electric connectors disposed thereon; the plurality of electric connectors are positioned corresponding to the plurality of through holes respectively; the optical disk drive is electrically connected to the circuit board and positioned corresponding to an opening, allowing a user to operate the optical disk drive through the opening. Accordingly, the digital table lamp can serve as not only a lighting apparatus but also a computer peripheral.

Abstract: A High Frequency light source has a central body of fused quartz, with a central void, filled with a fill in the void of material excitable by High Frequency energy to form a light emitting plasma. An inner sleeve of perforate metal shim extends along the length of the central body to provide a launching gap. The sleeve has a transverse end portion extending across the other, inner end of the central body. An outer cylinder of fused quartz with an internal bore such as to be a sliding fit with the inner sleeve, itself a sliding fit on the central body. An outer sleeve of perforate metal, enclosing the outer cylinder and having an end portion extending across the flush, void ends of the quartz body and cylinder and having a skirt extending past the flush over an aluminum carrier, clamped and holding the quartz elements against the carrier.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp (10), which is particularly a motor vehicle headlight, comprises a high pressure discharge burner (12) for emitting light supported by at least one leg (24), preferably three or four legs (24). By means of the legs (24) the burner (12) is mechanically connected to a socket (14) of the high pressure discharge lamp (10). According to the invention the legs (24) are part of a holder (16), which comprises further a ring (18) surrounding the socket (14), whereby the ring (18) is one-piece with the legs (24). Due to the design of the holder (16) as ring (18) with protruding legs (24) the heat of the burner (12) is conducted from the burner (12) via the legs (24) to the ring (18) by heat conduction. From the ring (18) the heat is led away to the environment by convection. This leads to a significant cooler Temperature of the holder (16) with respect to the burner (12), so that the material of the socket (14) needs not to be selected with respect to a good heat resistance.

Abstract: A display light source includes a light source, a color wheel, an optical module, and an actuator. The light source provides a light beam. The color wheel includes a first path segment and a second path segment. Each of the first path segment and the second path segment includes a reflective segment and at least one filtering segment. When the light beam impinges on the filtering segment of the first path segment, the light beam passes through the filtering segment of the first path segment and is filtered to form a first primary-color light beam. When the light beam impinges on the reflective segment of the first path segment, the light beam is reflected to the optical module. The optical module guides the reflected light beam to the filtering segment of the second path segment, such that the reflected light beam is filtered to form a second primary-color light beam.

Abstract: A novel means for reducing the maintenance costs of cobra head lighting fixtures is presented, comprised of a new housing with a hinge at one end that allows the upper half of the housing to be lifted up for easy access to the lamp and ballast. There is a contact pressure switch in the enclosure which is opened electrically when the upper housing is lifted so that power to the entire enclosure is cut for the safety of the installer. The combination of the switch and the liftable upper housing reduces the steps necessary to do a bulb replacement.

Abstract: LEDs having a low color temperature up to 5000 K, comprising a blue-emitting LED and, connected upstream thereof, two phosphors having a first phosphor from the class of the chliorosilicates and a second phosphor from the class of the nitridosilicates having the formula (Ca,Sr)2Si5N8:Eu.

Abstract: An integrated optic lamp assembly includes a rigid mounting structure, a base, a light source, and a reflector. The base, light source, and reflector are supported by the mounting structure. The base is configured to operationally connect to a light source socket. The reflector is configured and positioned relative to the light source to distribute light emitted from said light source in a predetermined light distribution pattern.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge (HID) light fixture includes a reflector frame which supports an independent high reflectivity reflecting surface. The reflector frame supports a glass lens with anti-reflective coatings on its surfaces and a visor or extension that also supports an independent high reflectivity reflecting surface. The high reflectivity reflecting surface has various sections that adjust portions of the beam created by the fixture to better place light on a target area. The reflector frame is attachable to a lamp cone. An adjustable knuckle attaches between to a cross arm on a pole and the lamp cone. An HID lamp, when mounted in the lamp cone, has its arc tube substantially surrounded by the high reflectivity reflecting surfaces of the reflector frame and visor. A lamp positioning mechanism automatically adjusts orientation of the arc lamp over a range of pivot angles for the lamp cone relative the knuckle.

Abstract: An optical device includes a high pressure discharge lamp, a concave condensing mirror placed so as to surround the high pressure discharge lamp while an optical axis stays extended along a direction of an arc of the high pressure discharge lamp, and an aspherical lens that is placed forward the light exit direction of the concave condensing mirror and that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the optical axis of the concave condensing mirror, in which a reflecting surface of the concave condensing mirror is configured so as to have a shape set in connection with the shape of a light incident surface and the shape of a light exit surface of the aspherical lens.

Abstract: A luminaire includes a single luminaire housing that includes thermally isolated light source and power control device compartments. At least one light source is disposed within the luminaire housing, and at least one power control device is disposed within a second, thermally isolated compartment. The light source and power control device compartments are separated by a chamber that includes a substantially nonconductive member, which prevents heat from the light source compartment from travelling to the power control device compartment. Thermally isolating the power control device from at least a portion of the heat generated by the light source allows the power control device to be disposed relatively close to the light source without becoming overheated and damaged. A hollow, threaded rod extends between and couples together the light source compartment and power control device compartment.

Abstract: A display light source includes a light source, a color wheel, an optical module, and an actuator. The light source provides a light beam. The color wheel includes a first path segment and a second path segment. Each of the first path segment and the second path segment includes a reflective segment and at least one filtering segment. When the light beam impinges on the filtering segment of the first path segment, the light beam passes through the filtering segment of the first path segment and is filtered to form a first primary-color light beam. When the light beam impinges on the reflective segment of the first path segment, the light beam is reflected to the optical module. The optical module guides the reflected light beam to the filtering segment of the second path segment, such that the reflected light beam is filtered to form a second primary-color light beam.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a backlight module, comprising a back plate, a reflection plate, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), an optical film, a panel and a front frame, wherein the backlight module further comprises a heating device, and the heating device is disposed between the reflection plate and the CCFL. When the backlight module of the present invention is used in a cold area, the heating device is electrically powered in advance to generate heat and to heat the CCFL, and temperature of the CCFL can be raised to a normal initiation temperature which is above ten degrees below zero. Accordingly, the CCFL can avoid usage of over-power voltages in low temperature initiation thereof, and the life of the CCFL is less affected.

Abstract: A projector comprises an arc lamp (110) with a parabolic reflector (111) in front of this a double concave lens (114) and then a pair of convex concave lenses (170, 172) to enable the projector to emit a highly collimated beam.

Abstract: This light source 1 is provided with a luminescent cylinder 3A housing a luminescent part 2 to generate light; a light guide cylinder 3B connected to the luminescent cylinder 3A on a one end side, and configured to guide the light generated by the luminescent part 2, to an exit window 4 provided on the other end side; and a cylindrical reflective cylinder 9 inserted and fixed between the exit window 4 of the light guide cylinder 3B and a portion connecting the luminescent cylinder 3A and the exit window 4, and having an inner wall surface as a reflective surface 9a to reflect the light.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a light source which emits light; a first reflector which surrounds a part of the light source and reflects the light emitted from the light source in the direction of an optical axis; and a second reflector which surrounds at least a part of the light source different from the part surrounded by the first reflector and reflects the light emitted from the light source toward the first reflector, wherein the position of a convergence spot of the light reflected by the second reflector is displaced from the position of an emission spot of the light source at least in the direction of a plane perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis.

Abstract: A retrofit reflector for a fixture that may be utilizing an induction lamp, mounts the lamp at a point of zero bending moment on the reflector. The reflector bends widthwise in the fixture to fit within various widths of fixtures while maintaining the lamp along the zero bending moment on the reflector.

Abstract: A UV curing lamp has variable resistive ballast provided by at least one resistance alloy wire and a set of switches tapping varying positions along the resistance alloy wire. The variable resistance ballast defines the lamp's maximum operating power consistent with the power supply. The wire in combination with a fan also doubles as thermal ballast provided by air flowing across the wire onto the UV lamp. A detachable reflector in a generally parabolic cylinder shape directs light from the lamp located on the reflector's focal axis. The curing lamp with resistive ballast can be in the form of a handheld unit or as a floor unit with rotating lamps within the housing.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to an improved IGU with first and second glass substrates, spaced apart and defining a gap therebetween. An edge seal is provided around a periphery of the first and second substrates, the edge seal forming an hermetic seal in certain example instances. An emitter is disposed in the gap defined by the first and second glass substrates. A conductive interface is provided through the edge seal, and is arranged to interface with the emitter and to provide electrical current to the emitter. The conductive interface in certain example embodiments may include one or more bus bars, one or more pattered thin film lines, etc.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a UV luminaire may include a housing which is designed for accommodating a plurality of UV lamps and a protective atmosphere, wherein the housing is subdivided in such a manner into chambers respectively containing some of the UV lamps and can be opened in such a manner that each of the UV lamps can be replaced with detriment to the protective atmosphere only of the respective chamber.

Abstract: A light distribution assembly includes an electrodeless HID light source providing emitted light along substantially first and second hemispherical zones. A first optical element redirects a portion of light from the first hemispherical zone into a first desired direction in the second hemispherical zone. A second optical element redirects at least a portion of light within the second hemispherical zone. Other optical elements may be added to tailor the light distribution. Various combinations of these components may be used to create the desired illumination pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. One aspect, a knuckle for mounting the light fixture by its bulb cone to a cross arm is attached along the side of the bulb cone. This has various potential advantages including decreased effective projected area, protection of watering to the bulb cone, and decreased moment.

Abstract: A lighting tube fitting apparatus, method and system that allows movement of a lighting tube about two axes while preventing rotation about the longitudinal axis of the lighting tube it. A lighting tube within one of the disclosed fittings provides greater ability to align the electrode ends of a lighting tube with electrode holders. This reduces the need for the tight tolerances that are typically required in the art of conventional tube lighting. The movement of the lighting tube is enabled in the disclosed implementation using one or more pressure arcs within a clamp body make contact with a clamp ring that holds a lighting tube in place and prevents its rotation about its own axis. The lighting tube fittings provide the additional benefit of supporting the entire weight and position of the lighting tube, eliminating the need for any additional lighting tube supports along the length of the lighting tube.

Abstract: A discharge tube 17 of the present invention includes a glass tube 60 and ferrules 70 disposed around ends of the glass tube 60. Outer leads 61 for receiving power from an external power source project from ends of the glass tube 60. Each ferrule 70 includes a body 71 that is fitted onto the glass tube 60 and an insertion portion 73 that is disposed near the end of the body 71 and into which the outer lead 61 is inserted. The outer lead 61 includes a loop portion 62 at the end thereof. The outer lead 61 is electrically connected with the ferrule 70 when the loop portion 62 is inserted in the insertion portion 73.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device for a motor vehicle. Said lighting device comprises a light source (1; 96) for emitting electromagnetic radiation, in particular light which is visible to the human eye, and a reflector (70; 81; 90) for focusing the emitted light. The light source (1; 96) is fastened on the reflector (70; 81; 90) at least indirectly in a defined position relative to a reflective surface of said reflector. In order firstly to make heat transfer from the reflector (70; 81; 90) to the light source (1; 96) more difficult and secondly to enable EMC shielding by virtue of an electrical contact between the light source (1; 96) and the reflector (70; 81; 90), the invention proposes that a material (72) with poor thermal conductivity is arranged between the reflector (70; 81; 90) and the light source (1; 96) for thermally insulating the light source (1; 96) from the reflector (70; 81; 90).

Abstract: A street lamp apparatus. The apparatus has a housing having an inner region and an outer region. In a specific embodiment, the inner region forms a cavity structure. The apparatus also has a transparent cover coupled to the housing to enclose the inner region and a socket being provided within the cavity structure. The apparatus has an electrodeless plasma lamp coupled to the socket. In a specific embodiment, the apparatus has an RF power source provided between the socket and an AC power source. In a specific embodiment, the RF power source is configured to generate a frequency of about 1 GHz and less to cause a fill material in the plasma lamp to discharge. In a specific embodiment, the apparatus has a heat sink provided form one or more portions of the housing. In a specific embodiment, the one or more portions of the housing is thermally coupled to the RF power source.

Abstract: An excimer lamp has a single tubular discharge chamber configured to enclose a discharge gas that is a noble gas or a mixing gas consisting of a noble gas and a halogen gas; a pair of electrodes configured to be arranged along opposite sides of the exterior surface of the discharge chamber; and an outer tube configured to cover the discharge chamber and the electrodes. Excimer molecules are produced by either dielectric barrier discharge or capacitive-coupled high-frequency discharge. An interior of a space formed between the outer tube and the discharge chamber is either in a vacuum state that is necessary and sufficient for preventing discharge, or is filled with an arc-suppression gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a high intensity beam of light with high efficiency of conversion of electrical power into light intensity includes an arc lamp, a reflector, a screw drive mechanism coupled between the arc lamp and reflector for positioning the arc lamp relative to the reflector to provide zoom control of the beam of light, and a spring for biasing the screw drive mechanism into a stable configuration to eliminate backlash and instability of the positioning the arc lamp relative to the reflector to provide zoom control of the beam of light. A handheld light includes an IR filter selectively disposable over the aperture of the light so that only infrared light and a circumferential light curtain is interposed between the IR filter and the body so that no there are no light leaks even the IR filter and the body are prevented from fitting closely due to interposed debris.

Abstract: A lighting device for a headlamp light source includes an connector to be connected to cables for supplying power to the light source, and attached to the bottom of a headlamp case that houses a light source, wherein the output connector is formed such that when the lighting device is attached to the headlamp case, the bottom of a connection opening to which cables of the output connector are connected is disposed at a higher position than a bottom face inside the headlamp case.

Abstract: A first exemplary embodiment of an automotive discharge lamp assembly includes an integrated high intensity discharge lamp and driver assembly having a high voltage starter/igniter and a ballast unit contained in a common housing with a high intensity discharge lamp burner extending therefrom. A separate automotive headlamp optical assembly is mechanically and electrically joined to the integrated high intensity discharge lamp and driver assembly. The joining assembly includes snap-fit clamps received on one of (i) the headlamp assembly and (ii) the integrated lamp and driver assembly, and received in a recess/groove on the other of (i) the headlamp optical assembly and (ii) the integrated lamp and driver assembly. Another exemplary embodiment includes at least one bayonet pin extending outwardly from one of (i) the integrated lamp and driver assembly and (ii) the headlamp optical assembly for operative receipt in a recess or groove formed in the other component.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing illumination of a specimen for inspection are provided. One embodiment relates to a system configured to provide illumination of a specimen for inspection. The system includes an electrodeless lamp configured to generate light. The system is further configured such that the light illuminates the specimen during the inspection. Another embodiment relates to a system configured to inspect a specimen. The system includes an electrodeless lamp configured to generate light and one or more optical elements configured to direct the light to the specimen. The system also includes a detection subsystem configured to generate output responsive to light from the specimen. The output can be used to detect defects on the specimen. An additional embodiment relates to a method for providing illumination of a specimen for inspection. The method includes illuminating the specimen during the inspection with light generated by an electrodeless lamp.

Abstract: A reflector lamp (1) comprising a reflector (2) having an opening (6) opposite to a light emission window (7), an electric lamp (10) comprising a closed lamp vessel (11) positioned with an end portion (16) in the lamp opening of the reflector, an electric element (13) arranged on the optical axis (4) in the lamp vessel, and a support body (20). The support body comprises reflector fastening means (22) for fastening the support body to the reflector, and lamp fastening means (21) for fastening the support body to the end portion of the lamp vessel. Viewed in a direction from the lamp opening along the optical axis towards the light emission window, the support body is fastened to the reflector solely at a location beyond the lamp opening of the reflector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for high intensity lighting includes, in one aspect, a reflector frame having a main portion generally following a surface of revolution of the type that produces a converging beam and a second portion following a surface of revolution of the type that produces a different shape beam. Placement of the second portion in the reflector frame allows shifting of parts of the light beam in desired directions.

Abstract: An HID luminaire includes a single luminaire housing that includes thermally isolated lamp and ballast compartments. At least one HID lamp is disposed within the luminaire housing, and at least one ballast is disposed within the ballast compartment. The lamp and ballast compartments are separated by a chamber that includes a substantially nonconductive member, which prevents heat from the lamp compartment from travelling to the ballast compartment. Thermally isolating the ballast from at least a portion of the heat generated by the HID lamp allows the ballast to be disposed relatively close to the HID lamp without becoming overheated and damaged. A hollow, threaded rod extends between and couples together the lamp compartment and ballast compartment. Electric wires connecting the HID lamp and ballast extends through the threaded rod, providing necessary electrical power in an aesthetically pleasing design.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting a high intensity discharge arc tube to a predetermined (e.g., relatively horizontal) operating position in a light fixture regardless of aiming orientation of the light fixture towards a target. In one aspect, the light source is mounted in an independently pivotal yoke in the light fixture. A mechanical linkage proportionally pivots the light source relative to any pivoting motion of the fixture over a range of positions such that a selected light source orientation can be approximately maintained regardless of aiming orientation of the fixture.

Abstract: An artificial light source generator includes at least one luminescent set and a projection plane. The luminescent set includes a light source, a parabolic mirror, a supporting seat, a first lens array, and a second lens array. The light source is disposed at the focus of the parabolic mirror, so that light beams generated by the light source are transmitted in a parallel direction through the parabolic mirror. The supporting seat is for supporting the light source. The first lens array has a plurality of first lens units, and each of the first lens units has a first focal distance. The second lens array has a plurality of second lens units. The distance between the second lens array and the first lens array is 0.5 to 1.5 times the first focal distance. A suitable distance exists between the projection plane and the luminescent set, so that the light beams passing through each of the second lens units cover the entire projection plane. Therefore, the projection plane has excellent illumination uniformity.

Abstract: A tube elementary LED includes an elementary glass tube through which light can be transmitted and includes two sealed ends respectively provided with a power plug and a power socket and a LED light emitting base plate disposed in the tube that is powered by the power plug and the power socket. A plurality of LED chips for emitting light are mounted on one surface of the LED light emitting base plate and supports fix the LED light emitting base plates in the chamber of the elementary glass tube. The tube elementary LED may include a reflector attached on an internal surface or an external surface of the elementary glass tube to reflect the light emitted from the LED light emitting base plate to outside of the elementary glass tube.

Abstract: A novel metal halide reflector lamp is described wherein the reflector lamp has a passive optical element to scramble, color mix, and otherwise commingle the light emitted by the metal halide burner. The optical element is placed close to the radiating plasma volume to intercept a large solid angle. Preferably, the optical element substantially intercepts the emitted light within a solid angle that has its vertex at the center of the discharge volume of the burner and is subtended by the open end of the reflector. The optical element can be designed to scatter, reflect or refract the light emanating in this solid angle which otherwise would not impinge on the primary optical control surface of the reflector.