Abstract: A system and method for three-dimensional (3D) microgeometry and reflectance modeling is provided. The system receives images comprising a first set of images of a face and a second set of images of the face. The faces in the first set of images and the second set of images are exposed to omni-directional lighting and directional lighting, respectively. The system generates a 3D face mesh based on the received images and executes a set of skin-reflectance modeling operations by using the generated 3D face mesh and the second set of images, to estimate a set of texture maps for the face. Based on the estimated set of texture maps, the system texturizes the generated 3D face mesh. The texturization includes an operation in which texture information, including microgeometry skin details and skin reflectance details, of the estimated set of texture maps is mapped onto the generated 3D face mesh.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention comprises: about 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin; about 15 to about 100 parts by weight of glass fibers; and about 2 to about 20 parts by weight of a modified olefin copolymer, the modified olefin copolymer comprising an epoxy modified olefin copolymer and a maleic anhydride modified olefin copolymer, wherein the weight ratio of the epoxy modified olefin copolymer and the maleic anhydride modified olefin copolymer is about 1:0.3 to about 1:3. The thermoplastic resin composition has excellent impact resistance, chemical resistance, and the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light homogenizing film, a backlight module and a display device. The light homogenizing film includes a substrate film layer on which a plurality of light homogenizing structures are arranged in an array. The light homogenizing structure includes: a first recess in a regular pyramid shape positioned on a light incident surface of the substrate film layer, and a second recess in a regular pyramid shape positioned on a light emitting surface of the substrate film layer. On a plane where a main body of the substrate film layer is located, an orthographic projection of the second recess completely covers an orthographic projection of the first recess, and the orthographic projections of the first and second recesses are regular polygons which have overlapped centers, the same number of sides and the same orientation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an assembled lampshade. The assembled lampshade includes an upper support, a lower support and a cover body. The upper support and the lower support are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the cover body. The upper support includes a first upper arc ring and a second upper arc ring, the first upper arc ring and the second upper arc ring are semicircular arc rings, the first upper arc ring and the second upper arc ring are connected through a first hinge, and the first upper arc ring and the second upper arc ring are able to be extended in a plane to cooperatively form a circle. The first upper arc ring is provided with a first support rod and a second support rod, and the first support rod and the second support rod are inclined downward.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is embodied in an improved LED-based lighting fixture for projecting a beam of light having a substantially uniform intensity, rotationally, and a selectable, substantially uniform chromaticity. The lighting fixture includes (1) a concave reflector having circumferential facets, a focal region, an aperture, and a central opening; and (2) a light source assembly including two or more groups of LEDs mounted at the forward end of an elongated, thermally conductive support. The light source assembly is mounted relative to the reflector with the elongated support's longitudinal axis aligned with the reflector's longitudinal axis and with the groups of LEDs located at or near the reflector's focal region.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is embodied in an improved LED-based lighting fixture for projecting a beam of light having a substantially uniform intensity, rotationally, and a selectable, substantially uniform chromaticity. The lighting fixture includes (1) a concave reflector having circumferential facets, a focal region, an aperture, and a central opening; and (2) a light source assembly including two or more groups of LEDs mounted at the forward end of an elongated, thermally conductive support. The light source assembly is mounted relative to the reflector with the elongated support's longitudinal axis aligned with the reflector's longitudinal axis and with the groups of LEDs located at or near the reflector's focal region. Each of the two or more groups of LEDs includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a specific pattern such that they cooperate with the faceted concave reflector to project a beam of light having a selectable, substantially uniform chromaticity.

Abstract: A system and method determine color of skin of a subject and produce a customized cosmetic based at least in part on the determined color of skin. A region of skin is covered with a chamber having an open area facing the skin. The skin is illuminated with light caused to enter the chamber. The light is caused to be dispersed within the chamber. A camera is used to record an image of a portion of the dispersed light in the chamber and the recorded image is processed to characterize the color of the skin. The recorded image includes a plurality of colors which are mapped to the closest color recipe. The color recipe is used to calculate actuator displacements for a portioning machine that includes a cartridge having cosmetic additives that produce the customized cosmetic.

Abstract: A lighting system and process for lighting objects particularly art works such as paintings and sculptures, comprising a diffusing film that scatters the light such that the object is illuminated substantially uniformly. The preferred embodiment employs one row of such lighting sources for small objects, and two or more rows for larger objects. The inner row is directed towards the top portion of the object and the outer row is directed towards the bottom portion of the object. The rows need not be placed next to each other. For 3-dimensional objects, one row may be below the object and the other row above to eliminate shadows.

Abstract: A microscope includes a light source including an LED device having a light radiating surface and a light directing element including a larger coupling-out surface. The light directing element is disposed so as to couple in light radiated by the light source and couple out the radiated light from the coupling-out surface. The light directing element is disposed so that the light is radiated out in an angular range of ±10° to ±50° and illuminates an area at 5 meters in an angular range of at least ±5° with intensity fluctuations of less than 50%. A condenser is disposed between the coupling-out surface of the light directing element and the object to be viewed. The condenser has an aperture with an aperture dimension and is disposed such that the aperture is irradiated completely with the light coupled out from the coupling-out surface.

Abstract: A lighting system having a reflector with a plurality of reflecting surfaces. The plurality of reflecting surfaces have at least one optical axis, and the reflecting surfaces further include a linearly projected cross-section along a respective linear axis. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) are positioned in a line generally parallel to the linearly projected cross-section of the plurality of reflecting surfaces. The LEDs are oriented relative to an associated reflecting surface such that a central light-emitting axis of the plurality of LEDs is angled relative to the at least one optical axis of the associated reflecting surface at about 45°. The reflecting surfaces redirect and collimate a light output of the plurality of LEDs at an angle of about 45° with respect to the central light emitting axis of the plurality of LEDs.

Abstract: The annular-arranged lamp capable of backward projecting by concave sphere provided by this invention is mainly provided with a side of an annular heat dissipation device being installed with light emitting devices (102) wherein the lamp is installed with two or more than two light emitting devices (110) arranged in a circular or polygonal means, and the light projecting axial line of each light emitting device (110) is projected towards a reflection device with concave sphere (103) disposed above the annular heat dissipation device (101), light beams of the light emitting devices (110) are reflected by the reflection device with concave sphere (103) then refracted to a preset projection range, thereby forming a unified light source.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display (LCD) module and an LCD device. The LCD module includes a backplane, and a reflector sheet arranged on the backplane. The backplane is configured with a plurality of reinforced structures, a plurality of concave parts are formed between the reinforced structures, and the reflector sheet is arranged over the reinforced structures. The concave part(s) is configured with a support member used for supporting the reflector sheet. In the present disclosure, because the concave part of the backplane is configured with a support member used for supporting the reflector sheet, the reflector sheet is prevented from deforming and being depressed on the concave part of the backplane because of no support, and the reflector sheet is prevented from abnormally reflecting light because of deformation, thereby increasing the display effect of the LCD device.

Abstract: A reflector is rotatably coupled to a light emitting diode (LED) module assembly. The reflector includes multiple alignment features that correspond with multiple notches provided in a reflector attachment coupled to a LED light source. The reflector can be made of a non-conductive substrate material, such as glass, and can have a non-conductive, reflective coating deposited on the inner surface of the reflector to allow the reflector to be more closely positioned to the LED light source. Reflector attachments can help to maintain precise reflector position during coupling with the LED light source. Media holders can be removably coupled to the light emitting portion of the reflector and provide for the quick mounting and placement of one or more optical media in the light path output by the reflector.

Abstract: A lamp apparatus (14) includes a heat sink (28), a heat conductive post (26) having a plurality of faces (36), one or more light engines (30) coupled to each of a plurality of faces (36), a connector (32) to provide power to the light engine (30) when electrically coupled to a lamp socket, and a grommet (34). The grommet (34) is secured to and extends around a perimeter of the heat conductive post (26) and includes a radial groove (48) receiving a rim (21) of an opening (20) of a reflector (12) such that a first and a second portion (50, 51) of the grommet (34) extend beyond the rim (21) and over a portion of an interior and an exterior surface (23, 25) of the reflector (12) to secure the lamp apparatus (14) to the opening (20) of the reflector (12).

Abstract: A reflector interconnect having a front surface and a back surface is disclosed. The reflector interconnect comprises at least two segments of a reflector valve metal and at least one segment of an oxide of the reflector valve metal, wherein the at least two segments of the reflector valve metal are electrically isolated from each other by the at least one segment of the oxide of the reflector valve metal. The reflector interconnect is configured to support one or more electric components attached on the front surface in direct thermal contact with the reflector interconnect. The reflector interconnect is curved so that electromagnetic radiation radiated by at least one of the one or more electric components is reflected from the front surface and focused to a beam.

Abstract: A light guide (201) including a transparent element is presented. The transparent element includes a first end (203) including a place for a light source, a second end (204) opposite the first end, an outer surface (205) between the first and second ends, and an interior channel (206) extending from the first end to the second end. The interior channel includes a first portion (207) beginning from the first end and a second portion (208) extending to the second end. The first portion is shaped to guide at least part of light falling to its wall into the transparent material and the outer surface provides total reflection for reflecting the light towards the second end. The second portion is shaped so that light passed through the first portion without falling to a wall of the first portion reaches the second end without falling to a wall of the second portion.

Abstract: A light panel is disclosed. The light panel comprises a circuit assembly, a plurality of light sources, a light reflective structure, and a diffuser layer. The light reflective structure has a plurality of concaves, which are continuously connected to form a plurality of ridges. Each of the concaves has an opening formed on the bottom surface thereof, and each of the light sources is disposed corresponding to each of the openings of the concaves. The diffuser layer is supported by the ridges of the light reflective structure. In some aspects of the present invention, the diffuser layer may have a sloping inner surface or is coated with patterned diffuser coatings on the top surface. Each light source can be added with a lens.

Abstract: A mirror ball adapted to engage the socket of a ceiling mounted electric light fixture in order to be suspended and powered therefrom. A tubular stem having a proximal portion threaded in the manner of an Edision screw is provided extending downward from the fixture to a lower base. A lightweight mirrored sphere or globe having a void through its (vertical) polar axis is rotatably engaged on the stem and retained in place by the lower base which houses power systems, a controller and a motor engaged to an annular gear at the lower pole of the mirrored sphere in order to slowly rotate the globe. A power supply is used to reduce line voltage to 12 v DC to drive the motor and operate one or more LED lighting elements directed at the mirrored surface and mounted at the ends of one or more arms radiating from the lower housing.

Abstract: A downlight reflector assembly for a light-emitting diode (LED) light source includes a kicker reflector and an upper scoop. The kicker reflector has a reflector wall extending between a small top opening and a large bottom opening along a transverse axis. The reflector wall has an internal surface with an illuminated area and a non-illuminated area. The upper scoop is mounted in the small top opening of the kicker reflector and has a reflective multi-faceted surface with a concave curvature relative to the LED light source. The upper scoop extends from the top opening in part along the transverse axis and covering a portion of the top opening. The multi-faceted surface faces both of the illuminated area of the kicker reflector and the top opening for reflecting light rays received through the top opening towards the illuminated area.

Abstract: LED light bulbs capable of providing even luminous intensity distribution are disclosed. An illustrative LED light bulb includes a base, a light transmissive cover and upstanding light bars. The base is capable of being in electrical communication with a power source and has a screw axis and a periphery. The light transmissive cover is substantially mounted on the periphery. The upstanding light bars are mounted radically around the screw axis and located between the screw axis and the periphery. The upstanding light bars are arranged to substantially shine inward to the screw axis.

Abstract: An illumination unit including a discharge lamp is provided. The discharge lamp may have an electrode, and a reflector with a reflective surface and an optical axis, the electrode having in a sectional plane, which includes the optical axis, a sectional area, and a projection of the reflective surface of one of the halves of the reflector that are separated by the section perpendicularly into the sectional plane along optical paths that are free for the light of the illumination unit resulting in a projected area, wherein the overlap of the projected area and the sectional area is smaller than the area of the electrode in a plane which is perpendicular to the sectional plane and includes the optical axis.

Abstract: A lamp assembly, and method for making same. The lamp assembly includes first and second truncated reflector cups. The lamp assembly also includes at least one base plate disposed between the first and second truncated reflector cups, and a light engine disposed on a top surface of the at least one base plate. The light engine is configured to emit light to be reflected by one of the first and second truncated reflector cups.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system for assembling lighting fixtures where reflective inserts are installed into a reflector frame to create a reflective surface for the fixture. According to one aspect of the method, some type of worker-perceivable indication prompts a worker as to which reflective insert should be installed at which mounting location on the reflector frame. The worker does not have to guess or translate written instructions. The method can be used sequentially to provide such assistance for each of a plurality of reflective inserts for a plurality of mounting locations. The method is particularly helpful if the reflective inserts are not identical for each mounting location. According to one aspect of an apparatus according to the invention, a reflector frame is removably mounted to a machine that holds the reflector frame in an indexed position.

Abstract: A surface mount LED support with metallic reflective cavity includes a plastic frame member and a metallic frame member, wherein the LED support comprises a metallic reflector member which is constructed into a metallic reflector cup-member having a concave cavity. The metallic reflector member includes a bottom metallic plate and a side metallic plate constructing the concave cavity of the metallic cup-member. The side metallic plate is integrally formed by folding the bottom metallic plate. The metallic reflector cup-member has an inner surface coated with a highly reflective material. The LED support of the present invention has high light extraction efficiency, superior cooling capacity and wide range of use of power.

Abstract: An optical system includes an outer reflector and at least one inner reflector, wherein the inner reflector is disposed within the outer reflector. The outer reflector has a proximal end, a distal end, and an interior surface extending from the distal end to the proximal end. The inner reflector has a proximal end, a distal end, and an interior surface and exterior surface extending from the distal end to the proximal end. The proximal end of the outer reflector is positioned adjacent a light source, wherein the light source is surrounded by the outer reflector's proximal end. The light source emits narrow angle beams of light through the inner reflector and emits wide angle beams of light between the outer reflector's inner surface and the inner reflector's external surface. The positioning and dimension of the inner reflector prevents the light source from emitting wide angle beams of light directly to an illuminated surface.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and apparatus for simulating solar light to create an ideal testing environment for solar panels and the like. The method and apparatus may also be used to test solar resistance for color fading or resistance to high levels of solar energy. The apparatus generally consists of a plurality of mirrors directed towards a multi-faceted mirror, from which the light beams converge towards a target plane. The light intensity at the target plane is, according to one embodiment, between 100 and 200 suns.

Abstract: A reflector for light radiation sources, the reflector taking the form, for example, of a cup centered around a main axis with a bottom opening for a source of light radiation, the reflector including a cup-shaped base portion extending from the bottom opening to an outer rim, and an annular portion surrounding the outer rim. The annular portion may be telescopically coupled to the base portion and may be moveable with respect to the base portion along the main axis in order to vary the length over which the annular portion extends along the main axis with respect to the outer rim of the base portion.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. One aspect, a knuckle for mounting the light fixture by its bulb cone to a cross arm is attached along the side of the bulb cone. This has various potential advantages including decreased effective projected area, protection of watering to the bulb cone, and decreased moment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. In one aspect, instead of a spun aluminum bowl-shaped reflector, a die cast metal reflector frame, somewhat simulating a bowl shape, includes an inner surface with mounting structure. A high reflectance sheet or plurality of high reflectance inserts are placed onto the mounting structure to create a reflecting surface. This allows high customability of the reflecting surface and minimizes light loss.

Abstract: A concave reflecting surface of a reflector for use in a light emitting device has micro reflector segments protruded therefrom in multiple stages and in multiple radial columns, the micro reflector segments each having a convex curved surface which is defined by a locus of a circular arc moved in parallel in a radial direction of the concave reflecting surface, and a radius of the convex curved surface, in each of the reflection regions, is set to be smaller when the convex curved surface is positioned closer to a point on which light emitted from each of the directional light sources and traveling on the light axis is incident, and is set to be larger when the convex curved surface is positioned more distant from the point.

Abstract: An illumination device for visual inspection includes: a transmissive reflector plate that is formed of a light transmitting material, has an opening in a center, assumes a dome shape, a radius of which is gradually expanded downward with a center axis of the opening set as a center, and has a lower surface formed of a reflecting surface on which fine unevenness for diffusing and reflecting light from below is formed and an upper surface located on an opposite side of the lower surface; first, second, and third light source units that irradiate light on an inspection object, the first, second, and third light source units being provided on the upper surface of the transmissive reflector plate and arranged in a place below the opening and passing the center axis; and a fourth light source unit that irradiates light on the inspection object and being provided below the transmissive reflector plate.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus (1) with a housing (2), two parallel elongate lighting cells (5a, 5b) and a concave reflector (6) configured to focus light emitted from the two lighting cells (5a, 5b). The lighting cells (5a, 5b) are movable with respect to one another and with respect to the reflector (3), thereby to alter the spread and/or direction of the emitted light. The housing includes removable end caps (3) each with a receptacle (33) that receive the end portion (22) of the housing (2) and a clip (35) configured to connect the end cap (3) to the housing (2). The reflector (6) includes spaced brackets (60) and a resilient reflective sheet (61) received and retained by the brackets (60).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for high intensity lighting includes, in one aspect, a reflector frame having a main portion generally following a surface of revolution of the type that produces a converging beam and a second portion following a surface of revolution of the type that produces a different shape beam. Placement of the second portion in the reflector frame allows shifting of parts of the light beam in desired directions.

Abstract: An optical element for a light source and a lighting system using the optical element are disclosed. In example embodiments, the optical element includes an entry surface and an exit surface opposite the entry surface. The entry surface includes at least three subsurfaces, wherein each subsurface is disposed to receive light rays leaving light source. Each of the three subsurfaces is geometrically shaped and positioned to receive light rays entering the optical element through that subsurface in order to direct the light passing through the optical element. In some embodiments the optical element includes a concentrator lens disposed in the exit surface. The optical element can also include a mixing treatment. A lighting system can include multiple optical elements, each paired with a light source such as an LED or LED package.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. In one aspect, instead of a spun aluminum bowl-shaped reflector, a die cast metal reflector frame, somewhat simulating a bowl shape, includes an inner surface with mounting structure. A high reflectance sheet or plurality of high reflectance inserts are placed onto the mounting structure to create a reflecting surface. This allows high customability of the reflecting surface and minimizes light loss.

Abstract: An exemplary illuminating device comprises a light source module, a light reflective module, a lens array and a light transmissive module. The lens array is for expanding a light field of the illuminating device along a first direction and compressing the light field of the illuminating device along a second direction. The light transmissive module comprises a first surface facing towards the lens array and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The second surface has a plurality of microstructures formed thereon thereby expanding the light field of the illuminating device along the first direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. In one aspect, instead of a spun aluminum bowl-shaped reflector, a die cast metal reflector frame, somewhat simulating a bowl shape, includes an inner surface with mounting structure. A high reflectance sheet or plurality of high reflectance inserts are placed onto the mounting structure to create a reflecting surface. This allows high customability of the reflecting surface and minimizes light loss.

Abstract: A recessed light fixture includes an LED light source and a reflector extending 360 degrees around a center line of light output from the light source. A cross-sectional geometry of the reflector includes a bell-shaped curve with two radii of curvature that join together at an inflection point. One of the radii defines a top portion of the curve, which is disposed above the inflection point and reflects light in a concentrated manner to achieve desired light at higher angles. The other radii defines a bottom portion of the curve, which is disposed below the inflection point and is more diverging than the top portion.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes a body having a bottom surface, a top surface opposite to the bottom surface, and at least one lateral side. A recess is defined at the top surface. The recess is concaved toward the bottom surface and has a reflective surface. Only one part of the reflective surface has reflective structure located thereon. A backlight module using the light guide plate is related.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system for assembling lighting fixtures where reflective inserts are installed into a reflector frame to create a reflective surface for the fixture. According to one aspect of the method, some type of worker-perceivable indication prompts a worker as to which reflective insert should be installed at which mounting location on the reflector frame. The worker does not have to guess or translate written instructions. The method can be used sequentially to provide such assistance for each of a plurality of reflective inserts for a plurality of mounting locations. The method is particularly helpful if the reflective inserts are not identical for each mounting location. According to one aspect of an apparatus according to the invention, a reflector frame is removably mounted to a machine that holds the reflector frame in an indexed position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. In one aspect, instead of a spun aluminum bowl-shaped reflector, a die cast metal reflector frame, somewhat simulating a bowl shape, includes an inner surface with mounting structure. A high reflectance sheet or plurality of high reflectance inserts are placed onto the mounting structure to create a reflecting surface. This allows high customability of the reflecting surface and minimizes light loss.

Abstract: A reflector (14) for a luminaire comprises a generally parabolic wall (28) having series of main right-angled prisms (16) and an interleaved series of transition prisms (18). The main and transition prisms have essentially the same shapes and follow the same overall curvature to control the illumination. The transition prisms transition into the main prisms by merging a peak of a transition prism into the valley between adjacent main prisms in a short transition zone (20). Thus, the transition zone has only a small effect on the overall lighting pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for high intensity lighting includes, in one aspect, a reflector frame having a main portion generally following a surface of revolution of the type that produces a converging beam and a second portion following a surface of revolution of the type that produces a different shape beam. Placement of the second portion in the reflector frame allows shifting of parts of the light beam in desired directions.

Abstract: A light emitting device is disclosed herein which includes a substrate, a housing, a light emitting die, and a cup with a reflective inner surface. The housing has an upper surface and at least one sidewall and is mounted on the upper surface of the substrate, thereby forming a cavity. The light emitting die is mounted on the upper surface of the substrate within the cavity. The cup is positioned within the cavity and is supported by the housing. The cup has a continuous sidewall with a reflective inner surface surrounding the light emitting die and a lowermost edge that is suspended above, detached and spaced away from the upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The diffractor has a profile defined by first, second and third parabolic segments, and continuously tapering facets for improved lighting performance. Different diffuser geometries are provided to generate differing light distribution patterns, including a conical diffuser, and a diffuser having a fresnel lens portion and an angled flange portion. Equal numbers of facets and/or facets of similar geometrical profile may be provided on the diffuser and on the diffractor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is a light emitting diode module with improved light distribution uniformity. One embodiment of a signal head includes a light emitting diode and a reflector cup positioned to reflect light emitted by the light emitting diode, the reflector cup having a non-symmetrical curvature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a high intensity lighting fixture. In one aspect, instead of a spun aluminum bowl-shaped reflector, a die cast metal reflector frame, somewhat simulating a bowl shape, includes an inner surface with mounting structure. A high reflectance sheet or plurality of high reflectance inserts are placed onto the mounting structure to create a reflecting surface. This allows high customability of the reflecting surface and minimizes light loss.

Abstract: A concave reflecting surface of a reflector for use in a light emitting device has micro reflector segments protruded therefrom in multiple stages and in multiple radial columns, the micro reflector segments each having a convex curved surface which is defined by a locus of a circular arc moved in parallel in a radial direction of the concave reflecting surface, and a radius of the convex curved surface, in each of the reflection regions, is set to be smaller when the convex curved surface is positioned closer to a point on which light emitted from each of the directional light sources and traveling on the light axis is incident, and is set to be larger when the convex curved surface is positioned more distant from the point.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for positioning a lighting device in a reflector. The exemplary apparatus includes a reflector member comprising a side wall with a reflector surface extending from the side wall. A lighting device support member is coupled to and extends from the side wall and defines at least one channel for engaging a support arm and a fastener channel for engaging a fastener member. The apparatus further includes a lighting device secured to a bracket for coupling the lighting device to the lighting device support member. The bracket defines a support arm for engaging the at least one support arm channel, The lighting device support member positions the lighting device adjacent to the reflector surface. The apparatus also includes a fastener for securing the bracket to the lighting device support member by engaging the fastener channel.

Abstract: A method of producing a lamp, including: mounting light emitting junctions in respective receptacles; mounting the receptacles on a curved support structure so as to form a three-dimensional array; and placing the light emitting junctions in electrical connection with the support structure.