Abstract: To provide a low latency near RT RIC, some embodiments separate the RIC's functions into several different components that operate on different machines (e.g., execute on VMs or Pods) operating on the same host computer or different host computers. Some embodiments also provide high speed interfaces between these machines. Some or all of these interfaces operate in non-blocking, lockless manner in order to ensure that critical near RT RIC operations (e.g., datapath processes) are not delayed due to multiple requests causing one or more components to stall. In addition, each of these RIC components also has an internal architecture that is designed to operate in a non-blocking manner so that no one process of a component can block the operation of another process of the component. All of these low latency features allow the near RT RIC to serve as a high speed IO between the E2 nodes and the xApps.

Abstract: A distributed antenna system of the present invention implements duplication by a method of configuring a first headend unit and a second headend unit in an active state or in a standby state and connecting a hub unit or a remote unit to the first headend unit and the second headend unit and by a method of connecting, through a redundancy link, a hub unit or remote units of a branch group branched from and connected to each headend unit, activating the redundancy link according to the control of an active headend unit when an error occurs in a frame transmission path, and changing logical port states of a hub unit or remote units that cannot transmit frames due to the error in order to change the frame transmission path so that frame transmission is possible through the activated redundancy link.

Abstract: A Space Traffic Management (STM) system comprising a Space Traffic Management System Service Supplier (S3) interface for sending a space conjunction request to a Conjunction Assessment Supplier (CAS) interface, and a Space Situational Awareness Supplier (SSA) interface for receiving and fulfilling space object data requests. The system further comprising the Conjunction Assessment Supplier (CAS) interface for receiving the space conjunction request from the S3 interface, requesting and receiving the space object data from the SSA interface, and generating and sending a conjunction data message to the S3 interface. The system enables coordination of an automated service for spacecraft owner operators to anticipate and avoid a space traffic conjunction using the conjunction data message.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for synchronized clock in management. In an embodiment, a system enables users to clock in to a cloud computing platform over a network through remote clock in devices, regardless of whether the remote clock in devices are online or offline. A clock in manager on the platform is configured to communicate with clock in assistants on remote clock in devices and to manage clock in of users in self and group clock in modes. A predetermined threshold may be used to determine a match with respect to a captured image. A clock in manager may intelligently determine the predetermined threshold according to algorithms based on training data. Face scan guides, liveness detection, and fraud detection may be included. A report engine supports presentations of filtered data from a control panel including map displays of devices or clock in events according to geolocation.

Abstract: A filter circuit includes: a division unit that divides an input signal and adds, to a tail end of a division block, of head data of the next division block, to generate an input block; a plurality of signal processing units that perform filtering of a feedback type on input blocks to generate output samples, and generate and output blocks; and a coupling unit that couples the output blocks. The signal processing unit outputs first output samples generated until a switching timing, and outputs second output samples generated by the signal processing unit after the timing. The switching timing is a timing within a period corresponding to the duplicated data, at which timing a difference between a first signal generated by the signal processing unit and a second signal generated by the signal processing unit is less than or equal to a threshold consecutively for a second data length.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to protocol state transition and/or resource state transition tracker configured to monitor, e.g., via filters, for certain protocol state transitions/changes or host hardware resource transitions/changes when a host processor in the control plane that performs such monitoring functions is unavailable or overloaded. The filters, in some embodiments, are pre-computed/computed by the host processor and transmitted to the protocol state transition and/or resource state transition tracker. The protocol state transition and/or resource state transition tracker may be used to implement a fast upgrade operation as well as load sharing and or load balancing operation with control plane associated components.

Abstract: Presented herein are systems, and methods thereof, that is configured to enter a maintenance mode to isolate itself from its neighbor and to gracefully cause neighbor devices to isolate themselves from the system, as to cause minimal or “zero” service disruption with its neighbors. The system broadcasts a maintenance-related message, via a standard transport layer, over routing protocols, to counter parts protocols at the neighbor device and waits for an acknowledgement message from the neighbor network devices. The broadcast and acknowledgement, through standard transport layer messaging, ensures that traffic generated by such protocols at the neighbor devices, regardless of manufacturer, are redirected before the system fully enters into the maintenance mode.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a solution is provided that introduces a second level IVR component controlled by a call control service that also controls a first IVR component. Controlling the IVR components using this call control service (which also interfaces with client software operated by a human agent) allows for data collected during the IVR sessions or during a live session with the human agent to be shared among the components. This also acts to eliminate the need for a traditional “transfer” of a call from a human agent to an IVR or vice versa, which would often be accompanied by audible clicks or beeps discernable to the caller.

Abstract: A system and method for inferring device models. The method includes determining block statistics for each block of a plurality of blocks of a plurality of media access control (MAC) addresses, the plurality of blocks having a plurality of respective prefixes, wherein the plurality of blocks are grouped based on commonalities among the plurality of respective prefixes; generating an aggregated statistical model for the plurality of blocks based on the plurality of MAC addresses and the block statistics, wherein each block is a string of digits included in one of the plurality of MAC addresses; and applying the aggregated statistical model to the block statistics of at least one block of the plurality of blocks in order to determine at least one inferred device model, wherein each of the at least one block is grouped into the same group.

Abstract: A system includes a shared data center having at least one data storage unit and at least one processing unit. The shared data center is configured to service one, two, or more industrial automation systems. For each of the one, two, or more industrial automation systems, the shared data center is configured to receive process-related data associated from at least one local device in at least one local system, analyze the process-related data from the local device, and provide instructions to at least one client device associated with the local system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a data transmission method and associated devices. In the method, data collected by at least one monitoring device in a substation is received at a gateway. Further, a status of a connection between the gateway and a first network is detected, where the first network enables communication between the gateway and a server. Further, in response to detecting a disconnection between the gateway and the first network, the data is sent to a user device via a second network hosted by the gateway to enable the user device to forward the data to the server.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of performing fault tolerance in a fault tolerant computer system comprising: a primary node having a primary node processor; a secondary node having a secondary node processor, each node further comprising a respective memory; a respective checkpoint shim; each of the primary and secondary node further comprising: a respective non-virtual operating system (OS), the non-virtual OS comprising a respective; network driver; storage driver; and checkpoint engine; the method comprising the steps of: acting upon a request from a client by the respective OS of the primary and the secondary node, comparing the result obtained by the OS of the primary node and the secondary node by the network driver of the primary node for similarity, and if the comparison of indicates similarity less than a predetermined amount, the primary node network driver informs the primary node checkpoint engine to begin a checkpoint process.

Abstract: A node includes one or more line cards interconnected to one another via a switching fabric and configured to implement a data plane; and a first router processor and a second router processor communicatively coupled to the one or more line cards, and each configured to implement a separate control plane, such that the node appears in a link-state database as two separate nodes. Responsive to an in-service software upgrade, the first router processor is upgraded and down while the second router processor is active, thereby preserving routing and forwarding. The one or more line cards include a first Virtual Local Area Networking (VLAN) for the first router processor and a second VLAN for the second router processor, and the first VLAN and the second VLAN are associated with a same physical interface on the one or more line cards.

Abstract: Providing security functions in an IoT device can comprise executing, by a TPM of the IoT device, a set of cryptographic functions. The set of cryptographic functions can comprise providing a secure unidirectional uplink from the IoT device to one or more communications networks. The set of cryptographic functions can also be executed by a second TPM to provide a secure unidirectional downlink from the one or more communications networks to the IoT device. The processor of the IoT device need not perform cryptographic functions and the processor of the IoT device and a memory of the IoT device can be outside of a secure boundary maintained by the first TPM and the second TPM. Cryptographic information to provide the secure unidirectional uplink and the secure unidirectional downlink can be exchanged between the first TPM and the second TPM.

Abstract: Techniques for improving convergence of Protocol Independent Multicast assert state information in multicast groups include forwarding, by a router, a PIM join message originating from a destination host and stores distribution tree information based on the join message. The method further includes participating, by the router, in a Protocol Independent Multicast (“PIM”) assert election among a plurality of routers and storing, by the router, PIM assert state information based on an outcome of the PIM assert election. The method further includes acquiring, by the router, routing information base (“RIB”) convergence. The method further includes triggering by the router, or causing, by the router, another router to trigger, a PIM assert among the plurality of routers. The method further includes re-converging, by the router, with PIM assert states among the plurality of routers and storing, by the router, converged PIM assert state information.

Abstract: A CANopen-based train network data transmission method includes: switching, when a first CAN channel of a first slave node is detected as faulty, to a second CAN channel of the first slave node to receive over a standby network a heartbeat packet and data transmitted by another relevant node; monitoring, if no heartbeat packet transmitted by a relevant second slave node is received from the standby network within a preset heartbeat period, by an active master node, in an active network, a heartbeat packet and data transmitted by the second slave node; receiving, through the second CAN channel, the heartbeat packet and the data of the second slave node forwarded by the active master node to the standby network when the active master node detects in the active network the heartbeat packet and the data transmitted by the second slave node through the first CAN channel.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method detects a state of a first session between a first workload and a second workload. The first workload and the second workload send packets in the first session via a first path to maintain a state of the first session. When the state of the first session indicates the first workload is down, the method receives information for network metrics of network traffic being sent in the first path. The method determines when the second workload should transition from a standby mode to an active mode to take over as an active workload in an active/standby configuration between the first workload and the second workload based on the information for the network metrics.

Abstract: A method for control of a soft generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnel based on client activity includes: receiving a data packet from a first external; storing an identifier associated with the first external device in a client table and a corresponding timestamp associated with receipt of the data packet; creating a soft GRE tunnel between a local interface of the computing device and a remote gateway; updating the client table, wherein updating the client table includes adding a new identifier and corresponding timestamp associated with additional external devices upon receipt of respective data packets, and updating the timestamp corresponding to the respective identifier upon receipt of an additional packet from an additional external device; and halting a GRE health-check process associated with the soft GRE tunnel once a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the timestamp corresponding to each identifier stored in the client table.

Abstract: Novel tools and techniques for filtering network traffic in an anycasting environment includes receiving network traffic addressed to a plurality of anycasted servers at an edge router, the plurality of anycasted servers comprising one or more anycasted servers. The network traffic is received from the edge server at least one data scrubbing appliance. The at least one data scrubbing appliance filters out undesirable traffic from the network traffic. The at least one data scrubbing appliance “on-ramps” the filtered network traffic to the plurality of anycasted servers. The filtered network traffic is transmitted to the plurality of anycasted servers in a load balanced manner.

Abstract: A hub that receives sensor data streams and then distributes the data streams to the various systems that use the sensor data. A demultiplexer (demux) receives the streams, filters out undesired streams and provides desired streams to the proper multiplexer (mux) or muxes of a series of muxes. Each mux combines received streams and provides an output stream to a respective formatter or output block. The formatter or output block is configured based on the destination of the mux output stream, such as an image signal processor, a processor, memory or external transmission. The output block reformats the received stream to a format appropriate for the recipient and then provides the reformatted stream to that recipient.

Abstract: An apparatus to control and/or monitor a vending machine. The apparatus controls and/or monitors the microcontroller on the vending machine controller board in the vending machine, to control and/or monitor status information, configuration data, one or more events, and/or one or more activities, in the vending machine. The apparatus can be integrated and/or used with a vending machine, without replacing the vending machine controller board and without changing the vending software program in the vending machine. The apparatus implements and/or uses a hardware abstraction layer (HAL) and provides a software application programming interface (API) library to the vending machine. The software API library is used by a software application to control and/or monitor the vending machine. Software applications can be developed for existing and/or new vending machines, without knowing the technical hardware and/or software details of the vending machine.

Abstract: Presented herein are systems, and methods thereof, that is configured to enter a maintenance mode to isolate itself from its neighbor and to gracefully cause neighbor devices to isolate themselves from the system, as to cause minimal or “zero” service disruption with its neighbors. The system broadcasts a maintenance-related message, via a standard transport layer, over routing protocols, to counter parts protocols at the neighbor device and waits for an acknowledgement message from the neighbor network devices. The broadcast and acknowledgement, through standard transport layer messaging, ensures that traffic generated by such protocols at the neighbor devices, regardless of manufacturer, are redirected before the system fully enters into the maintenance mode.

Abstract: Method and system are provided for notification of network connection errors between connected software systems. The method includes providing an error notification process for a local software system that uses one or more network connections to interact with a remote software system, wherein the error notification process includes a configuration of a selection of one or more error notification paths and enabling the error notification process that remains dormant and monitors the one or more network connections. The method detects an error in a network connection and invoking the error notification process, including: gathering information and building an error notification message; and sending the error notification message to the remote software system at the end of the network connection on which the error is detected via one or more error notification paths selected according to the configuration.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present description provides a method for performing a fallback operation for a voice call, if a UE performed only a single registration, in an environment in which an N26 interface is not provided between an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a mobility management entity (MME). The method can comprise the steps of: for transmission or reception of a voice call, the UE transmitting a service request message to the AMF; and receiving from the AMF a response message to the service request message. The response message can comprise an indicator which indicates a fallback operation without the N26 interface. The method can comprise a step for transmitting an attach request message, which comprises a PDN connection request message, to the MME on the basis of the indicator.

Abstract: An anti-theft proximity alert system that includes a wearable smart charm with a charm housing, and an object monitor with a housing and a snooze switch, and a controller with at least one snooze operating instruction to adjust a threshold alert criterion based upon a setting of the snooze switch.

Abstract: An inter-datacenter multicast system includes a first datacenter connected to a second datacenter. A first multicast router device is located in the first datacenter and includes at least one first multicast router interface that provides a link to the second datacenter, and a second multicast router device is located in the second datacenter and includes at least one second multicast router interface that provides a link to the first datacenter. The first multicast router device and the second multicast router device sync multicast routes with each other to enable each to act as respective designated routers, and also each remove multicast router interfaces that provides links to the other datacenter from outgoing interface Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) that are part of a multicast route, which prevents traffic tromboning and reduces multicast data communications between the first datacenter and the second datacenter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method of providing a segment routing as a service application. The method includes receiving a configuration of an internet protocol environment. The configuration can be a layer 3 configuration of a single cloud environment or even across multiple cloud environments. The configuration defines routing, forwarding, and paths in the environment between different entities such as virtual machines. The method includes receiving a parameter associated with a workload of a tenant. The parameter can be a service level agreement (i.e., a best bandwidth available), a pathway requirement, a parameter associated with specific workload, and so forth. Based on the configuration and the parameter, the method includes generating tenant-defined layer 3 overlay segment routing rules that define how the workload of the tenant will route data in the internet protocol environment using segment routing.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a database system includes nodes and a management device. The management device includes first and second assigning units. Depending on change in state of each node, the first assigning unit assigns a first node storing data pieces and receiving an access request to the data pieces, and assigns a second node serving as a backup node, and instructs each node to perform operations according to assignment. Depending on state of nodes and change in assignment state, the second assigning unit assigns a third node as a candidate node serving as the first node, and instructs each node to make preparation for causing the third node to operate as the first node. Each node sends, to the third node, a snapshot of the data pieces at the first time point and an operation log according to the access request at and after the first time point.

Abstract: A communication device (100) includes a plurality of communication units (103-1, 103-2) that transmit data in different transmission schemes from one another, a route selector (101) that searches for a most appropriate communication route and gives an instruction to transmit data from the communication unit corresponding to the most appropriate communication route, and a converter/sorter (102) that converts data into a format compatible with a transmission scheme of the most appropriate communication route and outputs the converted data to the communication unit indicated by the route selector (101), wherein the communication unit corresponding to the most appropriate communication route transmits the converted data. It is thereby possible to perform communications using the most appropriate communication route among a plurality of transmission schemes even in the case where an application is not compatible with the data format or protocol of the most appropriate communication route.

Abstract: On the OpenFlow network/normal network boundary, the route cannot be appropriately changed under a communication trouble with the controller. In this invention, the controller makes the route formed by internal switches optimal by updating the Flow table of each internal switch. Among internal switches, the internal switch A forms the optimal route with an external switch to become an active internal switch. The internal switch B forms a redundant route with the external switch to become a standby internal switch. When inability of the connection between the controller and the internal switch A is detected, the internal switch A performs a link-down of the port for connecting to the external switch. When the link-down of the port connecting to the internal switch A is detected, the external switch changes the route so that the traffic to the active internal switch A is transferred to the standby switch B.

Abstract: Presented herein are systems, and methods thereof, that is configured to enter a maintenance mode to isolate itself from its neighbor and to gracefully cause neighbor devices to isolate themselves from the system, as to cause minimal or “zero” service disruption with its neighbors. The system broadcasts a maintenance-related message, via a standard transport layer, over routing protocols, to counter parts protocols at the neighbor device and waits for an acknowledgement message from the neighbor network devices. The broadcast and acknowledgement, through standard transport layer messaging, ensures that traffic generated by such protocols at the neighbor devices, regardless of manufacturer, are redirected before the system fully enters into the maintenance mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a method for setting a gateway device identity, and a management gateway device. The method includes: acquiring a negotiation packet of a gateway device; acquiring a gateway device priority carried in the negotiation packet; and setting a member identity of the gateway device according to the gateway device priority. According to the method and the device, complexity of selecting an active virtual gateway device or an active virtual forwarding device among multiple gateway devices can be reduced, and the processing efficiency of a service mechanism of traffic load sharing of multiple gateway devices can be enhanced.

Abstract: An adapter is configured to connect to a network. The adapter including a controller configured to receive a stream of network communication from a computer system physically connected to the adapter. The controller is further configured to detect a first identifier. The first identifier is related to a first communication unit of the stream of network communication. In response to detecting the first identifier, the controller is further configured to direct the first communication unit away from the network and back toward the controller through a loopback pathway. The controller is further configured to direct the stream of network communication away from the computer system and to the network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is described. The method includes receiving a network communication at a first network device coupled to a first network and a second network, determining whether to forward the network communication into the first network over a logical connection, and, if the network communication is to be forwarded into the first network over the logical connection, forwarding the network communication into the first network over the logical connection. The network communication comprises a first network address in the second network that is associated with a second network device coupled to the second network. The logical connection is associated with a second network address in the second network. The determining is based, at least in part, on a determination, as to whether the first network device and the second network device are coupled to the logical connection, that uses the first network address and the second network address.

Abstract: Devices and methods of using a reduced complexity network protocol are generally described. An evolved NodeB (eNB) transmits an Attach Request to a mobility management entity (MME), which transmits a Create Session Request for transmission of non-IP (NIP) data of user equipment (UE) to a Packet Data Network (P-GW). The P-GW in response transmits a Create Session Response, with the UE ID if originating at the P-GW and free from a UE IP address and an Up Link Traffic Flow Template, to the MME, which transmits an Attach Accept to the eNB and UE. A UE identifier (UE ID) either originates at the UE and is transmitted in the Attach Request, or is generated by the eNB, MME or P-GW. The NIP data has a tunneling NIP data packet with a NIP header with the UE ID and a NIP user data packet free from TCP/IP encapsulation and header compression.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is described. The method includes receiving a network communication at a network device of a redundancy group. The redundancy group comprises a plurality of network devices, and the plurality of network devices are addressed in a first network using an anycast address. The method further includes, if the network communication is received from the first network, forwarding the network communication into a second network. If the network communication is received from the second network, the method determines whether to forward the network communication into the first network based on a status of the network device in the redundancy group, and a result of a filtering operation.

Abstract: A relay apparatus includes line cards, switch fabric cards, and a management card. The management card and the switch fabric cards are connected through a first communication network, and the switch fabric cards and the line cards are connected through a second communication network. The switch fabric card includes an error control unit. The error control unit stops switching of data transmission using a path of the second communication network by controlling the switch fabric card as an abnormal state based on an error signal that is output when a fault of the first communication network or an internal fault of the switch fabric card is detected as an error.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for handling failure of servers in traffic forwarding (TF) systems between networks. A TF system may include units each including multiple servers. Outbound and inbound traffic for a local network may be distributed among the units according to a routing technique, with each unit responsible for an allocated portion of the traffic. Servers in a unit may participate in a health check protocol to detect servers that are not healthy. If the healthy servers in a unit drops below a threshold at which the unit cannot reliably handle its allocated portion of the traffic, the servers may automatically take the unit out of service, for example by stopping advertisement of routes, and the traffic may be reallocated across the remaining units. This may help prevent congestion-related delays, high latency, packet losses, and other problems on connections through the unhealthy unit.

Abstract: System and method for providing cloud computing services are described. In one embodiment, the system comprises a cloud computing environment comprising resources for supporting cloud workloads, each cloud workload having associated therewith an internal cloud address; and a routing system disposed between external workloads of an external computing environment and the cloud workloads, the routing system for directing traffic from an external address to the internal cloud addresses of the cloud workloads. A designated one of the cloud workloads obtains one key of a first pair of cryptographic keys, the first pair of cryptographic keys for decrypting encrypted storage hosted within the cloud computing environment.

Abstract: A fallback mobile proxy system includes a gateway device having a local communication interface that establishes communication between a router and one or more smart home devices over a local communication network and one or more secondary local communication networks. The gateway device includes a processor that is configured to perform detecting a loss or degradation of connectivity between the router and a remote communication network. A mobile device is identified in communication with the router over the local communication network, where the mobile device has an alternate connectivity interface to the remote communication network. The mobile device is established as a fallback mobile proxy based on identifying the mobile device. Data is routed from/to the one or more smart home devices targeting the remote communication network to pass from/to the gateway device through the router and the fallback mobile proxy from/to the remote communication network.

Abstract: In the field of network communications, a protection method for a multi-domain network, wherein the multi-domain network comprises a first domain and a second domain and the two domains are interconnected by node B and C, includes: after failure of a first link between the two nodes is detected, node C disconnects a first protection path with the first domain, connects a first sub-path of the first protection path and a path that is within a second domain to form a new protection path for bearing a service across the multi-domain network, and sending, on the first sub-path, a first failure monitoring message that carries first maintenance information to node A, where the first maintenance information is the same as second maintenance information carried in a second failure monitoring message; the second failure monitoring message is a message that is sent on the first protection path by node B to node A and is used to monitor a failure of the first protection path.

Abstract: This semiconductor device includes a first regulator that stabilizes an input voltage to generate a stabilized voltage; a voltage boosting circuit that boosts the stabilized voltage to generate a boosted voltage; a second regulator that stabilizes the boosted voltage to generate a first power supply voltage; and a third regulator that is connected to the second regulator in parallel, and that stabilizes the boosted voltage to generate a second power supply voltage.

Abstract: A network comprises ingress nodes, egress nodes, primary switches, and secondary switches where any pair of an ingress node and an egress node connects to orthogonal sets of primary switches and each secondary switch connects a respective set of primary switches to an orthogonal set of primary switches. Thus, each ingress node has a primary path and numerous compound paths to each egress node. The primary path traverses a respective primary switch, and each compound path traverses a first primary switch, a secondary switch, and a second primary switch. The disclosed connectivity pattern enables network scalability to accommodate hundreds of thousands of ingress-egress node pairs while permitting a significant proportion of incoming data to be routed through the primary switches avoiding the secondary switches.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for implementing a logical router (LR) in a logical network. The method receives configuration data connecting a first LR to a second LR, which includes several logical routing components with separate routing tables. For each of one or more routes configured for the first LR, the method adds a route to the routing table of a distributed routing component of the second LR. The added route has a next hop address of an interface of the first LR. The method also adds, for each of the one or more routes configured for the first LR, a route to the routing tables of each of one or more centralized routing components of the second LR. The next hop address of the added route is an address of an interface of the distributed routing component that is internal to the second LR.

Abstract: An operation method of a switch apparatus includes: obtaining configuration information of communication nodes connected to the switch apparatus; identifying ports connected to end nodes among the communication nodes based on the configuration information; identifying link statuses of the ports; and when the link statuses of the ports are a DOWN state during a predetermined period of time, changing an operation mode of the switch apparatus from a normal mode to a low-power mode.

Abstract: A device may receive first data center information associated with first data centers in a first region. The device may receive second data center information associated with second data centers in a second region that is different from the first region. The device may generate a spanning tree based on the first data center information and the second data center information. The spanning tree may be associated with exchanging metrics associated with the first data centers and the second data centers, and may be used to exchange the metrics between the device and other devices included in the first data centers or the second data centers. The device may exchange the metrics with the other devices based on the spanning tree.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an initialization module configured to receive a Fiber Channel over Ethernet Initialization Protocol (FIP) login request from a network device. The initialization module is configured to select an outbound port based at least in part on a load-balancing calculation. The initialization module is configured to define a destination Media Access Control (MAC) address. The initialization module is configured to associate the destination MAC address with the outbound port. The initialization module is configured to send, to the network device, a signal including the destination MAC address in response to the FIP login request.

Abstract: A method may be disclosed in accordance with some embodiments, comprising: receiving, at a virtualizing gateway between the eNodeB and a first core network, a service request from a first user equipment (UE) via an eNodeB; applying a filter to an identifier of the UE to authenticate the UE; and forwarding, based on the applied filter, the service request from the first UE to the first core network. The identifier may be an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI). The filter may be a whitelist containing a plurality of IMSIs to be granted service or a blacklist containing a plurality of IMSIs to be denied service, the service request may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) attach request, and the method may further comprise forwarding the message from the first UE to a first mobility management entity (MME) in the first core network.

Abstract: A compact router with redundancy includes embodiments having main and backup crosspoint switching devices wherein one of the switching devices is removable from a main circuit board via a quick disconnect means such as an electrical connector.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for providing a network bridge between a source and a receiving network of a communication network, wherein the network bridge includes two content-bridging nodes connected between the source and the receiving networks according to a redundancy schema defined in IEC62439-3. The method can include assigning a common source network node identifier to the two content-bridging nodes; receiving, by each of the two content-bridging nodes, network traffic within the source network; and forwarding, by each of the two content-bridging nodes using the source network identifier, the network traffic from the source to the receiving networks.