Abstract: Reception information of frames received at a redundant port may be stored to a data structure in group of data structures such that reception information of all frames in a sequence are not stored to the same data structure and the reception information can be quickly accessed for duplicate detection. The data structure includes reception information for a portion of consecutive frames in a sequence of frames transmitted by a specific transmitter node. A communications layer address of the transmitter node and information capable of identifying a portion of consecutive frames in a sequence of frames are derived from a received frame. The reception information for the received frame in the data structure is read on the basis of derived information capable of identifying the received frame within the portion of consecutive frames.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a source of an unauthorized copy of speech signals in a conference call session. A conference bridge receives a speech signal during a conference call session with a plurality of end user devices attending. The conference bridge provides one or more dynamic, end user specific watermarks corresponding to the one or more end user devices. Each watermark is adjusted based on characteristics of the speech signal to make the watermark imperceptible to a human being. The speech signal is then embedded with the adjusted watermark in real time to generate a modified speech signal.

Abstract: A signaling-link retimer concatenates discontiguous leading and trailing portions of a precoded and scrambled symbol stream, shunting the trailing portion of the stream ahead of unneeded stream content to dynamically reduce the number of symbols queued between retimer input and output and thus reduce retimer transit latency.

Abstract: An interrupt handler unit (130) generates a timer interrupt at an interrupt time, and executes an interrupt preparation process. A wait time period measurement unit (142) a measures a time period from completion of the interrupt preparation process to generation of a start request (201) as a wait time period. A time calculation unit (441) calculates a subtraction time period based on the wait time period measured by the wait time period measurement unit (142), and calculates a preparation time period that is the sum of a time period obtained by subtracting the subtraction time period from the wait time period and a processing time period of the interrupt preparation process. The time calculation unit (441) stores a time obtained by shifting back the preparation time period from the time of a next start request (201), as a next interrupt time, in a time storage unit (442).

Abstract: A network analytics system can receive first sensor data, including first network activity and a first timestamp associated with a first clock of a first node, and second sensor data, including second network activity and a second timestamp associated with a second clock of a second node. The system can determine a first delta between the first clock and a third clock based on the first timestamp, and a second delta between the second clock and the third clock. The system can determine a first communication latency associated with a first sensor of the first node, and a second communication latency associated with a second sensor of the second node. The system can generate a report that synchronizes one or more data flows between the first node and the second node based on the first delta, the second delta, the first communication latency, and the second communication latency.

Abstract: Described herein is a system and method for managing network flow state for ongoing flows (connectionless protocol flows and connection-based protocol flows) between client device(s) and a virtual machine using a flow collection data structure (e.g. hash table) having a predefined maximum quantity of ongoing flows that can be managed. When it is determined that the flow collection data structure is managing greater than an acceptable threshold of connectionless protocol flows, at a dynamically adjustable frequency, flow state for more connectionless protocol flow(s) having an unexpired time-to-live are expired. The frequency can be adjusted based upon a rate at which new flows are being created and/or a rate at which flows are being deleted. Also described herein is a system and method in which, at a particular frequency, only a portion of the flows in the flow collection data structure are evaluated in order to minimize impact on packet processing.

Abstract: Enhanced packet redirect capabilities are disclosed herein for draining traffic to a server. In an implementation, a server in an infrastructure service receives a packet from a stateless load balancer. The packet may comprise a request for content. A user space program on the server determines whether a connection identified in the packet belongs to the server. If the connection belongs to the server, the user space program handles the request for the content. If not, the server forwards the packet to a secondary server in the infrastructure service. The secondary server, to which the connection may belong, can then handle the request.

Abstract: A method for transmitting an acknowledgement signal by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a first acknowledgement signal corresponding to a first data packet in first transmission time intervals (TTIs), wherein transmission of another signal excluding the first acknowledgement signal in the first TTIs is prohibited.

Abstract: This application provides a congestion control method, a network device, and a network interface controller. In the congestion control method performed by a first intermediate device, the first intermediate device receives a first data packet sent by a sending device, sends the first data packet to a receiving device along a first path, receives a first acknowledgment packet that is sent by the receiving device and that is used for acknowledging the first data packet, and determines a congestion degree of the first path based on a congestion mark in the first acknowledgment packet. The first intermediate device changes a window value and sends the changed first acknowledgment packet to the sending device. According to a solution provided in this application, a speed of transmitting a data packet is adjusted based on a congestion degree of a communication path and a quantity of bytes of the data packet.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication device are provided. The method includes: establishing a scenario and determining a task of the scenario, where a plurality of communication systems exist in the scenario, and the task is completed via at least one communication service; selecting at least one communication system for the task from the plurality of communication systems; and controlling the at least one communication system to transmit the communication service required by the task.

Abstract: There is provided support mechanisms for at least one adding and removing a cell from operation in a heterogeneous radio network having a first type of basic cell for providing basic radio coverage and a second type of cell associated to a basic cell as a capacity enhancing cell. A capacity enhancing cell is selectively switched on and off. When the capacity enhancing cell is shut down the cell does not exist over the air while cell configuration information is kept. When the capacity enhancing cell is switched on the cell becomes available again over the air interface. An indication of shut-down and a wake-up call message for switch-on of the capacity enhancing cell are communicated between a base station serving the capacity enhancing cell and a base station serving the basic cell. In this way energy savings can be supported without disrupting service availability.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for controlling a wireless communication device to reduce the number of retry times of data packets during transmission. The method includes steps of: using a first packet length to generate and transmit data packets; counting retry times of data packets in a predetermined time period and generating a result accordingly; and using a second packet length smaller than said first packet length to generate and transmit data packets when said result is greater than a predetermined value.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, apparatuses, and systems include duplicating a packet within a plurality of packets to be transmitted to a destination computing node as a sequence of packets. The plurality of packets including the duplicate of the packet are transmitted to the destination computing node. Upon receiving a first acknowledgement of the packet from the destination computing node, it is determined that the first acknowledgment is directed to a duplicated packet. In response to determining that the first acknowledgment is directed to a duplicated packet, it is determined that a second acknowledgement has yet to be received for each of one or more packets within the plurality of packets transmitted prior to the packet. In response to determining that the second acknowledgement has yet to be received, the one or more packets are retransmitted to the destination computing node.

Abstract: For example, a first STA may be configured to transmit to a second STA a message including a first value to indicate an available memory size at the first STA at a beginning of a TXOP, and a second value to indicate a maximal length of an A-MPDU transmission during the TXOP; to receive an initial A-MPDU from the second STA during the TXOP, a length of the initial A-MPDU is not longer than the first value; to determine a capacity value based on a current available memory size at the first STA, the capacity value to indicate whether the second STA is to be allowed to send to the first STA a subsequent A-MPDU having a length which is not longer than the second value; and to transmit to the second STA an Ack including a buffer capacity field including the capacity value.

Abstract: A method is provided of managing a non-static collection of machines. A first client machine runs a first communication protocol. The non-static collection of machines includes a first linear communication orbit, the first linear communication orbit comprising a sequence of machines that run the first communication protocol, and a second linear communication orbit, the second linear communication orbit comprising a sequence of machines that run a second communication protocol distinct from the first communication protocol. The first client machine receives an instruction from a server to install the second communication protocol, installs the second communication protocol, and then submits a registration request to the server. The first client machine receives, from the server, contact information of a list of potential neighbors. The first client machine then, proactively constructs and maintains a respective local segment of the second linear communication orbit.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: determining a data flow mapped onto a data radio bearer (DRB); and controlling a transmission rate of the data flow based on the transmission rate of the data flow and a first rate threshold of the data flow. This disclosure provides the data transmission method and apparatus, to control the transmission rate of the data flow mapped onto the DRB.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method for performing a performance measurement on a packet flow transmitted along a path through a packet switched communication network. Two or more measurement points are implemented on the path. Each measurement point calculates a sampling signature for each received packet by applying a hash function to a mask of bits of the packet. Then, it selects a number of measurement samples amongst the received packets, the measurement samples being selected as those packets whose sampling signatures comprise a portion of length S equal to a predefined sampling value. While performing the selection, the measurement point counts the number of selected measurement samples and retroactively adjusts the length based on this number. Then, the measurement point provides measurement parameters relating to the selected measurement samples.

Abstract: Scheduling requests are transmitted from a mobile terminal to a base station. The mobile sends a first scheduling request to the base station, the first scheduling request being associated with first data to be transmitted to the base station. The mobile receives a scheduling grant from the base station in response to the first scheduling request and transmits a buffer status report to the base station in response to receiving the scheduling grant. An HARQ acknowledgment for the buffer status report is received. Second data is received for transmission to the base station while at least some of the first data is waiting to be transmitted to the base station. A change in a buffer status of the mobile terminal is detected indicating that the second data has higher priority than the first data. The mobile transmits a second subsequent scheduling request to the base station in response to the change in buffer status.

Abstract: In various aspects, a system that comprises detecting a congestion event in a network that transmits a first group of data packets and a second group of data packets, wherein the detecting the congestion event comprises detecting the congestion event has initiated in response to a data packet throughput value of the network having been determined to have decreased below a threshold value; in response to the detecting of the congestion event, determine a transmission rate of the second group of data packets based on a transmission priority of the second group of data packets; determining a data packet dropping rate for the second group of data packets based on the transmission rate of the second group of data packets and a size of the first group of data packets and transmitting the second group of data packets utilizing the transmission rate and the data packet dropping rate.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software for controlling Quality of Service (QoS) selection in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) services. In one embodiment, a MEC server is at a Radio Access Network (RAN), and implements edge applications that provide the MEC services. The MEC server queries a core network for a QoS policy for a mobile device that indicates QoS profile options for the mobile device, and receives the QoS policy from the core network. The MEC server monitors for a triggering event that triggers selection of a QoS profile, selects the QoS profile from the QoS profile options for a user plane connection established for a MEC service between the mobile device and an edge application in response to the triggering event, and provides a QoS profile identifier for the QoS profile to a base station in the RAN to enforce the QoS profile on the user plane connection.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, devices, and methods that improve network communication on a high-latency network by using a low-latency network to manage return-link bandwidth. Embodiments of the systems described herein include a user terminal that is communicatively coupled to a high-latency network and a low-latency network. The user terminal is configured to communicate with a gateway routing device over the low-latency network. The user terminal requests return-link bandwidth and the gateway routing device provides a transmission schedule to the user terminal over the low-latency network. The user terminal can be configured to transmit a message over the high-latency network using the scheduled return-link bandwidth.

Abstract: Systems and method for processing network traffic are provided. The network traffic includes a number of data packets representing a complete transmission which are located at a first electronic storage area. Each data packet including a data payload. A data block is generated by one or more processors according to software instructions for the received traffic. The data block includes a series of header pointers pointing to each of a series of headers and a data pointer pointing to the data payloads.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node for transmitting a message in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication network is provided. The method includes receiving information regarding a time period including a plurality of transmission slots from a second communication node and selecting one transmission slot included in the time period based on a first index configured based on the information regarding the time period. A message is transmitted through the one transmission slot and the information regarding the time period includes information regarding a number of the plurality of transmission slots included in the time period.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a receiving unit that receives information indicative of a priority of communication designated by a user who uses a communication line available to plural users and information indicative of a bandwidth of a priority target designated by the user; and an allocated bandwidth deciding unit that decides an allocated bandwidth allocated to the user on a basis of evaluation of the priority and the bandwidth of the priority target.

Abstract: Examples of techniques for encrypted fibre channel over internet protocol (FCIP) data replication are described herein. An aspect includes receiving replication data from a primary site host system, the replication data comprising header information. Another aspect includes encrypting the replication data. Another aspect includes writing the header information to a local memory, wherein the header information in the local memory is unencrypted. Yet another aspect includes encapsulating the encrypted replication data, wherein the unencrypted header information is accessed in the local memory during the encapsulation of the encrypted replication data.

Abstract: A modem chip includes a processor configured to generate instructions, a timing controller configured to respectively generate control signals corresponding to the instructions at the execution times of the instructions, and a plurality of intellectual property blocks, each configured to operate in response to a corresponding control signal of the control signals. The timing controller includes a heap sorting circuit configured to sort the instructions according to execution orders of the instructions based on heap sorting using the execution times, a reference counter configured to generate a reference time, and a signal generator configured to generate a control signal corresponding to a current instruction when the reference time matches the execution time of the current instruction having a highest execution order among the instructions.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include a content delivery network (CDN) for delivering content associated with a plurality of different types of applications/devices. Using a CDN flow application, a plurality of network flow parameters are generated for content delivery unique to different types of applications or devices. The network flow parameters include customized data transmission rates. The network flow parameters include predetermined settings for transmission control protocol (TCP) connections between the CDN and devices using a TCP flow control mechanism. Upon receiving a content request, the CDN fulfills the content request based upon first network flow parameters. The network flow parameters may be adjusted for each of the plurality of different types of applications/devices. The network flow parameters may be generated based upon requests or based upon the performance of each of the plurality of applications/devices.

Abstract: A mobile telecommunications network includes a core and a radio access network having radio means for wireless communication with mobile terminals registered with the network, wherein the radio access network includes control means 700 operable to control the use of network resources by the mobile terminals. The control means processes control plane signalling.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for adapting the downloading behavior of a client terminal configured to receive a multimedia content from at least one server, said multimedia content being defined by at least one representation, wherein it comprises the steps of: requesting (S0) a first part of said multimedia content with a given representation; detecting (S1) if a cache between is located along the transmission path the client terminal and a server, based on the request of said first part; in case (S3) a cache is detected, requesting a second part of said multimedia content with a representation depending on at least one performance criterion.

Abstract: An example computer system is provided that utilizes an agent to operate autonomously in transitioning virtual machines between an active state and an inactive state. In an implementation, a processor executes instructions to cause a computer system to implement a virtual machine communication interface, and to host a virtual machine. In some examples, the processor executes instructions to cause the computer system to utilize an agent to operate autonomously in transitioning the virtual machine from an active state to an inactive state after a period of inactivity. In other examples, the processor may execute instructions to cause the computer system to transition the virtual machine from the inactive state back to the active state upon receiving a data packet targeted for the inactive virtual machine.

Abstract: This application discloses a method and an apparatus for adjusting a data sending rate. In the method, when determining that a return time of feedback information of a first data packet has timed out, a terminal reduces a data sending rate of a connection to which the first data packet belongs from a first value to a second value. Then the terminal detects return times of feedback information of a plurality of subsequent data packets after the first data packet and determines a cause of the timeout of the feedback information of the first data packet. The terminal further increases a data sending rate from a current third value to a fourth value when determining that the timeout is caused by a packet loss on a wireless link in a communications link.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for online brand continuity. Online brand continuity can include a number of Internet or intranet access points via which one or more network addresses can be advertised. A client can be provided with availability of a business image application via at least one of the Internet or intranet access points.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method for determining whether to admit a query in a network, the method including determining a load for a network element type based on an adaptive history for that network element type; determining a cost of admitting the query based on the relative load that the query generates accounting for the amount of traffic the network element has admitted in the past; decreasing a total cost of all queries that can be budgeted during a subsequent interval when the change in load is within a specified range; increasing the total cost of all queries that can be budgeted during a subsequent interval when the change in load is below a threshold; and adding the query to a data structure which keeps track of potentially admittable queries.

Abstract: Technologies are provided for identifying problems with network monitoring agents. For example, a network monitoring agent that is experiencing network packet loss can be examined to determine if it is degraded. For example, metrics can be obtained that are associated with the network monitoring agent. The obtained metrics can then be evaluated against thresholds. For example, if a high confidence metric is outside of a threshold for the high confidence metric, then a determination can be made that the network monitoring agent is degraded. As another example, if two low confidence metrics are outside of respective thresholds, then a determination can be made that the network monitoring agent is degraded. If a network monitoring agent is degraded, then its monitoring data can be discarded.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for optimizing Random Access Channel (RACH) transmissions from wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) for multiple transmissions. A WTRU may initiate uplink transmission for a random access procedure using a configured time resource such that the uplink resources may be time shared by a plurality of WTRUs. The transmission time may be calculated on an absolute or relative basis. A backoff time may be applied before starting the uplink transmission. The backoff time may be WTRU-specific, WTRU group-specific, specified per access class and may be determined based on a priority basis. A scaling factor may be applied to the backoff time. A contention free allocation method may be used to determine the appropriate resource. The data may be transmitted with and without a preamble. The WTRUs may include machine type communication devices and may be grouped in accordance with a number of factors or characteristics.

Abstract: In an opportunistic packet retransmission strategy, responsive to determining that a retransmission mode is set, a retransmission probability is calculated using minimum and maximum channel busy level retransmission thresholds, such that if a channel busy level of a communication channel is less than a minimum channel busy level retransmission threshold then a retransmission probability is set to 100%, if the channel busy level is greater than the maximum channel busy level then the retransmission probability is set to 0%, and within the minimum and maximum channel busy level retransmission thresholds the retransmission probability is set to decrease from 100% to 0% as a channel busy level of the communication channel rises from the minimum channel busy level retransmission threshold to the maximum channel busy level retransmission threshold. The message is retransmitted responsive to randomly determining whether to retransmit according to the retransmission probability.

Abstract: A method of congestion control implemented by a sender over a network link that includes a router having a queue. During a first state, information is received from a receiver. The information comprises an estimated maximum bandwidth for the link, a one-way transit time for traffic over the link, and an indication whether the link is congested. In response to the link being congested, the sender transitions to a second state. While in the second state, a sending rate of packets is reduced, in part to attempt to drain the queue of data packets contributed by the sender. The sender transitions to a third state when the sender estimates that the queue has been drained of the data packets contributed. During the third state, the sending rate is increased until either the sender transitions back to the first state, or receives a new indication that the link is congested.

Abstract: Systems and methods implemented by an application executed on a user device for service discovery and connectivity include discovering one or more cloud services for a user associated with the user device; creating and operating an interface on the user device; and intercepting traffic at the interface from one or more client applications on the user device and splitting the traffic based on configuration to the one or more cloud services. The method can further include authenticating the user into the one or more cloud services prior to the splitting.

Abstract: A method for utilizing elastic resource pooling techniques to dynamically rebalance throughput includes determining, for each of multiple tenants leasing computing resources of a shared resource pool, a desired claim to resources in the shared resource pool. The desired claim is based on a number of resource access requests received in association with each of the multiple tenants. The method further includes determining, for each of the multiple tenants, a guaranteed claim and a maximum potential claim on the shared resource pool; and allocating a surplus resource pool among the multiple tenants based on the determined maximum potential claim and the desired claim for each one of the multiple tenants, the surplus resource pool representing a remainder of the shared resource pool after the guaranteed claim for each of the tenants is satisfied via an initial resource allocation from the shared resource pool.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing a low-latency service flow, where the method includes that a first forwarding device obtains a low latency identifier corresponding to a first service flow, and obtains a second data packet based on the first data packet and the low latency identifier after determining that a received first data packet belongs to the first service flow, where the second data packet includes the first data packet and the low latency identifier, the low latency identifier instructing a forwarding device that receives the first service flow to forward the first service flow in a low-latency forwarding mode, and the low-latency forwarding mode is a mode in which fast forwarding of the first service flow is implemented under dynamic control, and the first forwarding device sends the second data packet to a second forwarding device in the low-latency forwarding mode.

Abstract: A method of forwarding data transmissions from a first network to a third network via a second network comprises receiving packets of a first type from the first network, segmenting each packet into packets of a second type that are transmitted to the second network, and producing and transmitting at least one encoded duplicate of each of the packets of a second type to the second network to allow a packet of the first type to be recreated in the event that not all the packets of the second type are received. In the event that a sufficient number of the packets of a second type and the encoded duplicate packets are not received to recreate the packet of a first type, the method determines a loss ratio that represents the number of packets not recreated relative to the number of packets transmitted during a selected time interval.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for controlling data transmission in TCP subflows of a MPTCP connection based on monetary cost. A low cost link and a high cost link of TCP subflows of a MPTCP connection formed between a first MPTCP peer and a second MPTCP peer can be identified. A congestion level on the low cost link can be determined based on feedback from a TCP congestion control mechanism for the MPTCP connection. Further, whether to send a data packet over the low cost link of the high cost link based on the congestion level on the low cost link can be determined. As follows, the data packet can be sent over the low cost link connection if it is determined to send the data packet over the low cost link.

Abstract: A system for data recording across a network includes a session border controller connecting incoming data from the network to an endpoint recorder. A load balancer is connected to the network between the session border controller and the endpoint and receives the incoming data from the session border controller, wherein the load balancer comprises computer memory and a processor configured to parse the incoming data into video data and audio data according to identification protocols accessible by the processor from the computer memory. A recording apparatus includes recording memory that receives the incoming data from the load balancer, stores a duplicate version of the incoming data in the recording memory, and connects the incoming data to the endpoint.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle-to-X (V2X) operation method executed by a V2X UE in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: determining whether a channel busy ratio (CBR) value has changed after resource reservation is performed; and performing V2X communication based on the determination, wherein, if the CBR value has changed after the resource reservation is performed, the V2X communication is performed based on the changed CBR value.

Abstract: An application using a VPN is programmed to transmit proxy traffic to a remote proxy server. Traffic to the proxy server is intercepted, shifted to user space, and processed according to one or more options. Traffic may be terminated by a local proxy that resolves domain names in traffic and requests referenced content. Intercepted traffic may include plain text data in headers that is encrypted before forwarding to a different proxy server. Traffic may be evaluated, such as a User Agent string in order to determine routing choices, such as blocking, throttling, local termination, transmitting through a VPN, or other options. Multiple VPNs may operate on the same user computer and proxy traffic may be intercepted and processed by transmitting it through a VPN, bypassing all VPNs, or routing through a different VPN.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the disclosure, techniques herein provide for auto discovery of network proxies. In particular, in one embodiment, a controller in a computer network receives, from both source devices and destination devices, corresponding Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) information and associated transaction identifiers (IDs) for packets sent by the source devices and for packets received at the destination devices. The controller may then correlate particular source TCP/IP information to particular destination TCP/IP information based on associated transaction IDs being the same, and can compare the correlated source TCP/IP information and destination TCP/IP information in order to determine whether a proxy device exists (e.g., and which particular type of proxy device exists) between the source device and the destination device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device identifies a new traffic flow in a network. The device determines a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the new traffic flow. The device uses a machine learning model to predict whether a particular tunnel in the network can satisfy the determined SLA of the traffic were the traffic flow routed onto the tunnel. The device performs call admission control to route the new traffic flow onto the particular tunnel, based on a prediction that the tunnel can satisfy the determined SLA of the traffic.

Abstract: The application provides a dynamic loading method, and a target file creation method and apparatus to save memory resources. The method includes: loading a dynamic link library file during a running process of an application program on a terminal device, where the dynamic link library file includes a symbol that can implement a functionality in the application program, and the symbol includes a function and/or a variable; reading a first index from a source file of the application program; determining, based on a global symbol table, a first symbol address corresponding to the first index, where the first symbol address is used for indicating a physical address of the symbol that can implement the functionality and invoking the symbol from the dynamic link library file according to the first symbol address, to complete running of the application program.

Abstract: Techniques are presented herein to facilitate the monitoring of occupancy of a buffer in a network device. Packets are received at a network device. Information is captured describing occupancy of the buffer caused by packet flow through the buffer in the network device. Analytics packets are generated containing the information. The analytics packets from the network device for retrieval of the information contained therein for analysis, replay of buffer occupancy, etc.

Abstract: A method of arranging the transmission of packet data in a system comprising a mobile terminal, a wireless local network and a mobile network that includes end-to-end service related parameters that are signalled via a separate signalling element. A resource authorization identifier is transmitted to the mobile network via the local network. Authorization is requested from the signalling element on the basis of the resource authorization identifier. A tunnel between the mobile terminal and the mobile network is bound to the end-to-end data flow of the mobile terminal on the basis of an authorization from the signalling element and tunnel identification information identifying the tunnel.