Abstract: A method and apparatus for playing a media file are disclosed. The method includes determining whether a resource-substitution process needs to be performed; and selecting a substitute resource from a candidate resource set to replace an original resource in the media file to play, when the resource-substitution process needs to be performed.

Abstract: A communication device (10) communicates in a network in which a TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) technique is used. A time slot management unit (21) notifies that time slots in the TSN technique have been switched. A data receiving unit (23) stores reception data in a reception data storage unit (25) when the reception data received from other communication devices (10) is not transmission data transmitted during a current time slot. When the time slot management unit (21) notifies that the time slots have been switched, the data receiving unit (23) delivers to a reception task (27), the reception data which is the transmission data transmitted during a time slot after being switched and is stored in a reception data storage unit (25).

Abstract: A method determining indication of an occupancy level in a mobile communications system including a base station to communicate with a mobile communications device via a wireless interface provided by a first frequency channel allocated to mobile networks communications for the mobile communications system and by a shared channel which can be shared by the mobile communications system and by other wireless communications systems. The method includes: a mobile communications device: measuring, for each of plural first time periods within a second time period, a channel utilization on the shared channel; determining channel occupancy states for the shared channel for each of the first time periods based on the measured channel utilization; and determining an indication of an occupancy level for the shared channel for the second time period, the indication of an occupancy level determined based on the occupancy states for the shared channel for each first time period.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising: calculating parameters of an expression that describes a model that is associated with a traffic system and estimates a traffic volume between a plurality of points, by using a plurality of measurement data measured in the traffic system that connects the plurality of points to each other, by using a method for solving an optimization problem; generating, when an indefinite solution is obtained by the calculating, indefiniteness information related to a range of the indefinite solution in the method for solving the optimization problem; and determining addition of the plurality of measurement data or output of the indefinite solution, depending on the indefiniteness information.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing content to packet-enabled devices in a content distribution network. In one embodiment, a network architecture is disclosed which enables delivery of content to IP-enabled devices such as mobile smartphones and tablet computers using a traditional high-speed data connection. This capability allows the managed network operator to provide content services to an IP-enabled device associated with a non-data subscriber. In one variant, a cable modem is provided which is limited to only retrieve content for delivery to the devices, yet which performs no other functions/services (including provision of high-speed data services). Alternatively, a “media server” modem is utilized to enable delivery of content from the managed network to a client or user device which is also able to obtain high-speed data service from a non-managed or third party managed network via a third-party access point. Security and authentication mechanisms for the transmitted content are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for throttling requests for a network service. A request for a network service is received from a client application and parameters are extracted from the request. Throttling policies applicable to the parameters are identified and retrieved, and it is determined whether the request should be processed based at least upon the throttling policies and the request parameters.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes at least one communication processor configured to support a first network communication and a second network communication, and a memory configured to store information about at least one first band supporting dual connectivity for the first network communication and the second network communication among a plurality of bands which correspond to the first network communication supported by the electronic device, and the at least one communication processor may be configured to camp on a first cell supporting the first network communication, after camping on the first cell, perform a measurement on at least some of the at least one first band among the plurality of bands in an idle state, and perform a cell reselection based on a measurement result for the at least some of the at least one first band. Herein, a measurement on a remaining band except for the at least one first band among the plurality of bands may not be performed.

Abstract: A system for facilitating data transmission in a switch is provided. During operation, the system can obtain one or more sets of configuration parameters for a plurality of traffic policing filters of the switch. A respective traffic policing filter can correspond to a token bucket. A number of tokens in the token bucket can indicate whether to forward a packet associated with the traffic policing filter. The system can determine the token allocation frequencies for the plurality of traffic policing filters based on the one or more sets of configuration parameters. The system can then select a sampling interval from the token allocation frequencies based on a selection policy and determine a performance rate for the plurality of traffic policing filters based on the sampling interval.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detection and cleanup of unused microservices. An example method comprises: identifying, by a processing device, a microservice in a running state; identifying a network proxy associated with the microservice; monitoring traffic between the network proxy and the network; determining that the network proxy has no traffic with the network during a window, wherein the window is a predetermined period of time or a predetermined amount of data that is sent to or from the network; and deleting the microservice and the network proxy.

Abstract: A telematics service system includes a telematics server connected to a service providing server and a telematics gateway over a network. The telematics server is configured to transmit or receive data to or from a vehicle through the telematics gateway, to select a recommendation protocol capable of being used to transmit or receive the data based on at least one of a type of the data flowing in from the service providing server or a throughput rate, and to determine a final protocol of the recommendation protocol through a handshake with the vehicle.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for identifying optimal data packet size to achieve a higher throughput a wireless communication network. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise monitoring a transmit control protocol performance associated with a first transmission of data packets over a first duration of time, wherein a packet size of the data packets is a first data packet size, detecting that the transmit control protocol performance satisfies a function with respect to a threshold and in response to the detecting that transmit control protocol performance satisfies the function with respect to the first threshold, determining a second data packet size to use for a second transmission of the data packets over a second duration of time, transmitting a request to change the packet size of the data packets to the second data packet.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to reduce mobility interruption time through dual-protocol stacks for mobility enhancement. In novel aspect, the UE configures a target protocol stack for a target gNB upon receiving a reconfiguration message from a source gNB, performs random access procedure and establishes RRC connection with the target gNB through the target protocol stack while simultaneously maintaining data transmission and reception with the source gNB, and releases the source RRC connection with the source gNB and performs data transmission and reception with the target gNB upon detecting one or more predefined release triggering event. In one embodiment, the target protocol stack includes a PHY layer, a MAC layer, and RLC layer, a PDCP and optionally a SDAP. In one embodiment, the UE enables a PDCP reordering, wherein the PDCP reordering is performed on PDCP packet data units received from the source and the target protocol stacks.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses related to reducing network congestion by analyzing data using a lightweight artificial intelligence (AI) layer prior to transmission are described. An AI model may predictively select data that need not be transmitted and, in some embodiments, further process data to be transmitted. As a result, the total size and amount of data transmitted over the network can be reduced, while the data needs of the receiving device can still be met. For example, data generated by a source application may be received and input into a predictive model, which may generate a prediction output for the data. The data may be pre-processed using a strategy selected based on the prediction output, and the pre-processed data may be transmitted over a network to a server.

Abstract: A network load balancing apparatus has a data buffer provided to each communication path of transfer destinations of a received packet and being associated with a virtual function, determines a destination virtual function based on a field value of the received packet, determines a communication path of a transfer destination of a packet to be subject to priority control based on a first hash value calculated using the field value, determines a communication path of a transfer destination of a packet to be subject to load balancing control, to match a preset load balancing situation of the data buffer, based on a second hash value based on the first hash value, and transmits the packet to a data buffer corresponding to the destination virtual function and the communication path of the transfer destination.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a set of candidate resources, which may be used for transmission. The WTRU may periodically perform CCA on a channel (e.g., before transmitting on the channel). When the channel is determined to be free, the WTRU may determine a resource for transmission from the candidate resources. The resource may be determined based on the time remaining in the time period. For example, when the time remaining in the time period is shorter, the WTRU may determine to transmit on a resource that comprises more frequency resources. The WTRU may determine a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme based on the number of frequency resources. The WTRU may send a transmission on the resource, which may include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS). The DM-RS may indicate the resource used from transmission to a receiver of the transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for transmitting data by means of a wireless backhaul network, for use in solving the problem in the prior art of inability to implement data transmission of a 5G wireless backhaul network due to that there is no network architecture for the 5G wireless backhaul network at present. In the embodiments of the present application, a terminal is connected to a wired backhaul access station by means of at least one path corresponding to a bearer, and transmits data with the wired backhaul access station by means of the at least one path; there is at least one wireless backhaul access station on any one path, each air interface of the terminal, the wired backhaul access station, and the wireless backhaul access station respectively corresponds to an underlying protocol combination, and the underlying protocol combination comprises an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for steering packet traffic through an online network. One method includes receiving, at a switch of a network, a packet of data; classifying, by the switch, the packet to a service function chain based on fields of a packet header of the packet, the service function chain including a set of service functions to be performed on the packet; setting, by the switch, fields of the packet header to identify the service function chain classified; and transmitting, by the switch over the network, the packet to a service function device that performs a service function on the packet, the service function being in the set of service functions.

Abstract: UE (50) includes a mapping information retaining unit (57) that retains association information in which a type of EPS bearer configured in 4G and a type of QoS flow that corresponds to the service quality and is configured in 5G are associated, and a handover executing unit (59) that acquires, by using the association information, association between the EPS bearer configured by the UE (50) and the QoS flow configured by the UE (50), and executes handover between the EPS bearer and the QoS flow associated with each other.

Abstract: A base station apparatus that communicates with a user apparatus is provided. The base station apparatus includes: a setting unit configured to arrange in a radio frame one or more blocks and information, the one or more blocks including information used for initial access, the information specifying resources that are associated with the blocks and are used for transmitting preambles; a transmission unit configured to transmit the radio frame to the user apparatus; and a reception unit configured to receive the preambles from the user apparatus via the resources. The information specifying the resource is set based on locations of the blocks arranged in the radio frame.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for downlink scheduling of terminal devices. A method is performed by a network node. The method comprises obtaining user-specific delay and user-specific channel conditions per scheduling opportunity for each of the terminal devices to be scheduled. The method comprises scheduling, in each scheduling opportunity, the terminal devices according to an order. The order is determined by individually weighting the user-specific delay and individually weighting the user-specific channel conditions for each terminal device to be scheduled.

Abstract: To realize real-time estimation when estimating the type and state of an application from time-series data of communication traffic. A communication traffic analyzing apparatus of the present invention has a state transition model generating unit configured to generate a probabilistic state transition model from time-series data of communication traffic, at each predetermined timing, a state transition model update unit configured to update a state transition model when a difference between the state transition models at two timings generated by the state transition model generating unit is greater than or equal to a predetermined difference and a communication state of network satisfies a predetermined condition, and an application type and state estimating unit configured to estimate a type and a state of an application using the updated state transition model.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to support IP flow mobility (IFOM) via multiple wireless accesses in a wireless device are disclosed. The wireless device initiates network-based IFOM (NB-IFOM) to establish and manage IP flows. Support for NB-IFOM is negotiated during initial attach procedures to either or both wireless accesses and by using packet data network (PDN) connectivity procedures. The wireless device sends routing rules including priorities to apply to both existing and future IP flows or to future IP flows only. The wireless device requests to move IP flows from a source access to a target access. When a new wireless access is added to an existing PDN connection, an identical IP address for the wireless device is allocated as used for the existing PDN connection. The network establishes a GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) tunnel for the new wireless access while maintaining a previously established GTP tunnel for the existing wireless access.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to monitoring network traffic using network monitoring computers (NMCs). Two or more network segments coupled by bridge devices may be monitored by NMCs. The bridge devices may modify network traffic passed from one network segment to another network segment. Flows in network segments may be determined based on monitored network traffic associated with the network segments. Other flows in other network segments may be determined based on other monitored network traffic associated with the other network segments. A correlation score for two or more flows in different network segments may be provided based on a correlation model. Two or more related flows may be determined based on a value of the correlation score of the two or more related flows located in different network segments. A report that includes information about the two or more related flows may be provided.

Abstract: Wavelength-based random access in an optical communications network for a wireless communications system (WCS) is disclosed. An optical network unit(s) (ONU(s)) is configured to generate a random access signal comprising an unsolicited buffer occupancy (BO) report to request uplink allocation as soon as the ONU(s) receives a non-periodic uplink data burst. The ONU(s) then sends an optical random access signal including the unsolicited BO report to an optical line terminator (OLT) based on a random access wavelength, which is so determined not to cause any interference with a downlink optical communications signal(s) and an uplink optical communications signal(s) being regularly communicated between the OLT and the ONU(s). As a result, it is possible to reduce access delay at the ONU(s) for sending the non-periodic uplink data burst without requiring frequent polling from the OLT, thus helping to reduce signaling overhead and improve throughput of the optical communications network.

Abstract: A method in a rate adaptive system includes categorizing, by an encoder, a plurality of clusters of data in a segmented image into one of a plurality of categories corresponding to a different predetermined label with a predetermined priority level; vectorizing, by the encoder, the data to generate a sparse vector xi for its corresponding label; encoding, by the encoder, a plurality of the sparse vectors xi by multiplying a measurement matrix Ai(t) with the sparse vector xi to generate a set of encoded information yi; transmitting, by the encoder to the decoder, the plurality of sets of the encoded information yi in a prioritized order; decoding, by the decoder, the plurality of sets of encoded information yi to determine the plurality of the sparse vectors xi based on determining measurement matrix Ai(t); and uniting the plurality of the sparse vectors xi into a single image frame.

Abstract: An intermediate IAB node may determine whether congestion data satisfies a first threshold and may provide the congestion data to a parent IAB node when the congestion data satisfies the first threshold to cause the parent IAB node to apply local congestion control.

Abstract: A cell site router communicatively coupled to an access node and configured to transmit data between the access node and an external network is further configured to determine a packet loss occurring at a port of the cell site router and adjust a size of a buffer of the cell site router based on the packet loss. The buffer can be associated with the port and/or a RAT associated with the port, and a latency requirement of the data transmission can be considered when adjusting buffer sizes.

Abstract: A wireless device determines whether a data session is performance sensitive, and in response to the data session being performance sensitive, selects a data transport node (DTN) and performs the data session using the selected DTN. Whether a data session is performance sensitive may be determined using information on a process associated with the data session, by monitoring the data session, or both. The DTN may be selected from a list of available DTNs according to which DTN will probably provide the highest performance for the data session, or according to which DTN or DTNs will probably provide adequate performance. Micro speed tests, historical performance information, or other criteria may be used to predict the performance of the available DTNs. When multiple DTNs satisfy the selection criteria, a “good neighbor” policy may be used to select the DTN.

Abstract: A system for managing compositions of software components or applications is disclosed. In particular, systems in which the software components or applications communicate with one another using message-oriented middleware are considered. The system is fed by one or more data feeds, and produces a plurality of processed feeds for respective applications. The data items in the input data feeds are processed by the software components or applications which form a data feed processing graph, with each application having a processing path (or egress-rooted tree) which results in the processed feed for that application. Managing such systems is complex. This complexity is tackled by having each component processing a data feed item add an annotation to the data feed item, so that the cumulative annotation which is seen in the processed feed for an application provides a history of the processing carried out on the input data feed(s).

Abstract: An example client device includes processing circuitry and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the client device to undertake certain actions. Certain instructions cause the device to periodically measure active network performance data for a network, calculate expected rewards for the plurality of entry points, select an expected best entry point based on the expected rewards, route data to the selected entry point, measure passive network performance data for the selected entry point, and update a reinforcement learning algorithm, based in part on the measured passive network performance data.

Abstract: A system described herein may provide for the separation of functions associated with a User Plane Function (“UPF”) in a wireless network (e.g., a Fifth Generation (“5G”) network), such that routing devices associated with the wireless network may perform functionality that would otherwise be performed by virtualized hosts or other configurable resources. For example, routing components which form a backhaul or other portion of the network may process traffic according to a suitable set of policies (e.g., Quality of Service (“QoS”) policies, content filtering policies, queueing policies, and/or other policies) instead of transmitting such traffic to a UPF associated with the network core for processing.

Abstract: According to an aspect, an in-vehicle communication device includes a transmitter configured to transmit own vehicle notification information generated by an own vehicle to a nearby area, a receiver configured to receive other vehicle notification information transmitted by each of one or more other vehicles, a storage device storing a program; and a hardware processor. The hardware processor executes the program stored in the storage device to determine the other vehicle which is to communicate with the own vehicle based on one or both of the own vehicle notification information transmitted by the transmitter and the other vehicle notification information received by the receiver. The own vehicle notification information includes identification information of the own vehicle and indicator values associated with communication with the one or more other vehicles acquired by the own vehicle.

Abstract: At an Edge Node, a method of handling data packets in order to mark the packets with respective packet values indicative of a level of importance. The method comprises implementing a variable rate token bucket to determine an estimated arrival rate of a flow of packets. The method comprises receiving a data packet, updating the estimated arrival rate to an updated arrival rate based on a token level of the token bucket and generating a random or pseudo-random number within a range with a limit determined by the updated arrival rate. The method further comprises identifying an operator policy which determines a level of service associated with the flow of packets, and a Throughput Value Function (TVF) associated with said policy, and then applying the TVF to the random number to calculate a packet value. The packet value is included in a header of the packet.

Abstract: A method for determining an uplink scheduling manner, a user equipment and a base station are disclosed. A method for determining an uplink scheduling manner performed by a user equipment includes: determining a communication parameter regarding the user equipment; determining, based on the communication parameter and a threshold regarding the communication parameter, to perform uplink data transmission based on an uplink grant based scheduling manner, or to perform the uplink data transmission based on an uplink grant free scheduling manner.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and software to manage maximum segment size (MSS) values associated with multiple tunnels according to an implementation. In one implementation, a gateway may obtain a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) synchronize (SYN) packet from a computing node. The gateway may identify a tunnel associated with the TCP SYN packet, determine a maximum segment size (MSS) value based on the overhead associated with the tunnel, and replace a first MSS value in the TCP SYN packet with the MSS value determined by the gateway. Once added, the gateway may encapsulate the TCP SYN packet and communicate the packet to a second gateway.

Abstract: Identifying data quality along a data flow. A method includes identifying quality metadata for two or more datasets. The quality metadata defines one or more of quality of a data source, accuracy of a dataset, completeness of a dataset, freshness of a dataset, or relevance of a dataset. At least some of the metadata is based on results of operations along a data flow. Based on the metadata, the method includes creating one or more quality indexes for the datasets. The one or more quality indexes include a characterization of quality of two or more datasets.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for time slot multiplexing, and a communication device. At least one multiplexing node group in a subnet of a TDMA communication system may be determined according to a connection relationship among all nodes in the subnet, where a shortest communication link between every two nodes in each multiplexing node group includes at least the preset quantity of nodes, the preset quantity of nodes includes the two nodes, and the preset quantity is no less than 4. For each multiplexing node group, a multiplexing time slot allocated to the multiplexing node group is determined, and each node in the multiplexing node group is controlled to transmit data in the multiplexing time slot. The time slots can be shared by the nodes in the multiplexing node group, and therefore multiple nodes can transmit data in the multiplexing time slot.

Abstract: A method and system identify a congestion parameter for multiple ports of a cell site router (CSR) and determine a characteristic of a wireless device communicating using the CSR. The method and system further assign the wireless device to a port of the CSR based on the characteristic of the wireless device and the congestion parameter. The method and system have the effect of assigning wireless devices having more capabilities to ports having the most congestion as the more capable devices are more likely to have sufficient retransmission power in the event of congestion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for MME adaptive selection are described. The method includes: initializing a health checkup algorithm at an eNodeB for each MME connected to as per configuration values; starting a health check timer for each MME; continuing with an Initial Attach procedure for incoming calls based on SAE-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Id (S-TMSI), (Globally Unique MME Identifier) GUMMEI, or capacity/load balancing considerations; on every UE attach attempt, incrementing a total calls count; and on every S1 AP Error Indication/no response from an ME, incrementing a total fail calls count; determining when the health check timer for an MME expires; calculating a failed calls/total calls percentage value. Based on the value of the timer, appropriate action is taken.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method includes conducting, by a network device, a query associated with a network function chain comprising a plurality of switches and middleboxes to verify whether a service performed by the network function chain complies with a Service Level Agreement (SLA); computing, by the network device, based on a result of the query, a difference in metric value between an actual performance metric of a packet passing through a path in the network function chain and an expected performance metric of the packet passing through the path; deriving, by the network device, a probability of SLA violation associated with the path based on the difference in metric value; and selectively monitoring, by the network device, a network of network function chains by monitoring the path for passive performance measurements based on the probability of SLA violation.

Abstract: A flow control method and system, and a device are provided to implement flow control in a process of transmitting a media stream between devices. The method includes: receiving, by a first device, a media stream that is sent by a second device at a first rate; instructing based on a rate of a media stream in a first time period in which a buffer usage rises from a first threshold to a second threshold, the second device to send a media stream to the first device at a second rate which is less than the first rate; instructing based on a rate of a media stream in a second time period in which the buffer usage rises from the second threshold to a third threshold, the second device to send a media stream to the first device at a third rate which is not greater than the second rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that processes a packet in the network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the network element receives a data packet that includes a destination address. The network element receives a packet, with a packet switch unit, wherein the packet was received by the network element on an ingress interface. The network element further determines if the packet is to be stored in an external queue. In addition, the network element identifies the external queue for the packet based on one or more characteristics of the packet. The network element additionally forwards the packet to a packet storage unit, wherein the packet storage unit includes storage for the external queue. Furthermore, the network element receives the packet from the packet storage unit and forwards the packet to an egress interface corresponding to the external queue.

Abstract: A method for processing data packets in a communication network includes establishing a path for a flow of the data packets through the communication network. At a node along the path having a plurality of aggregated ports, a port is selected from among the plurality to serve as part of the path. A label is chosen responsively to the selected port. The label is attached to the data packets in the flow at a point on the path upstream from the node. Upon receiving the data packets at the node, the data packets are switched through the selected port responsively to the label.

Abstract: Energy consumption of cellular interfaces on multihomed mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops can be improved by adjusting the inactivity timer of the cellular interface of the mobile devices based on the on/off status of non-cellular interface(s) on the mobile devices. Possible near-future data packets can be transmitted or received on the non-cellular interfaces that co-exist on the mobile devices and thus the inactivity timer of the cellular interface may be dynamically and more efficiently adjusted, based on the on/off status of non-cellular interface(s). If the non-cellular interface is available on the mobile device, then the inactivity timer can be set to be shorter than if only the cellular interface is available.

Abstract: In an example, a method comprises, by a computing device, in response to receiving an indication of a modified network topology for a segment routing (SR)-enabled network comprising one or more network nodes: determining whether an existing, first multipath in the modified network topology for the network satisfies a path computation deviation for a SR policy, wherein the path computation deviation is a deviation from an initial path computation constraint for the SR policy; when the first multipath in the modified network topology satisfies the path computation deviation for the SR policy, performing a recomputation policy action that is associated with the path computation deviation; and when the first multipath in the modified network topology does not satisfy the path computation deviation for the SR policy, computing a second multipath in the modified network topology for the network to satisfy the initial path computation constraint for the SR policy.

Abstract: Systems and methods dynamically adapt network policies for mobile devices by accessing context-based values to allocate or restrict capabilities on the mobile devices or within the network. Context-based values may include position or velocity as well as more general environment features such as proximity of other devices, the presence or absence of other wireless signals or network traffic, parameters measured by local or remote sensors, user credentials, or unique user or signal inputs to the device. Relevant capabilities may include access to hardware and software interfaces and related parameter sets including priority settings.

Abstract: A network element is configured to efficiently load balance packets through a computer network. The network element receives a packet associated with flow attributes and generates a Load Balancing Flow Vector (LBFV) from the flow attributes. The network element partitions the LBFV into a plurality of LBFV blocks and reorders the LBFV blocks to generate a reordered LBFV. The LBFV blocks are reordered based on a reordering sequence that is different from reordering sequences on other network elements in the computer network. The network element hashes the reordered LBFV to generate a hash key for the packet and selects a next hop link based on the hash key. The next hop link connects the network elements to a next hop network element in the computer network.

Abstract: In a measurement system including a first transfer apparatus provided at a packet receiving edge of one network, a second transfer apparatus provided at a packet sending edge of the one network, and a measurement apparatus configured to receive a packet, the first transfer apparatus adds received time of the packet to the packet and transmits the packet, the second transfer apparatus receives the packet, adds sending time and a signature specific to the one network to the packet, and transmits the packet to which the received time, the sending time, and the signature are added, and the measurement apparatus receives the packet, and calculates a difference between the sending time and the received time to measure latency in the one network.

Abstract: A network traffic monitoring process of a communications network including: receiving data packets from a software-defined networking (SDN) flow switch; processing header of the received packets to identify its subsets belonging to respective network flows; detecting large network flows by determining a corresponding cumulative amount of data contained in the received packets for each of the network flow until it reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold amount of data; for each detected large network flow, sending flow identification data to the SDN flow switch to identify further packets of the large network flow and to stop sending them to the network traffic monitoring component; periodically receiving from the SDN flow switch and processing the corresponding counter data and corresponding timestamp data to generate temporal metrics of the large network flow; and processing the generated temporal metrics with a trained classifier to classify the large network flow.

Abstract: Methods may be provided to operate a wireless terminal in communication with a base station. Such methods may include receiving a Radio Resource Control RRC message from the base station, wherein the RRC message includes information regarding at least one Quality of Service, QoS, flow being reflective and/or non-reflective. Such methods may also include providing communication of a data packet between the wireless terminal and the base station using a non-reflective QoS flow, wherein the data packet includes a data field and a Service Data Application Protocol SDAP header field with a QoS Flow Identity QFI, and wherein the QFI is used for the data packet based on the information from the RRC message. Methods of operating base stations and core network nodes may also be provided. Related wireless terminals, base stations, and core network nodes are also discussed.