Abstract: A method and device for acquiring a scheduled throughput, a base station, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic device are disclosed. The method comprises: buffering a user service request message received; allocating a downlink data scheduling resource according to a data size of the user service request message, wherein in response to a size of the allocated downlink data scheduling resource being greater than or equal to the data size of the user service request message buffered, a scheduling type of the current scheduling is determined as non-full scheduling, and in response to the size of the allocated downlink data scheduling resource being less than the data size of the buffered user service request message, the scheduling type of the current scheduling is determined as full scheduling; and acquiring a scheduled throughput according to a downlink data scheduling resource allocation result and the scheduling type.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to implement a virtual private network with probe for network connectivity are disclosed. An example non-transitory computer readable storage medium is disclosed comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least, in response to a first instruction from an operating system to establish a network tunnel, transmit a probe request to a server; and in response to not receiving, from the server, a probe response to the probe request, report that the network tunnel has been established to prevent the operating system from transmitting subsequent instructions to establish the network connection until a response to a probe request is received.

Abstract: A quality estimation system for estimating DL throughput at user terminals which are connected to a wireless network, includes: acquisition means for acquiring at least terminal information, wireless reception quality information and network quality information from a plurality of user terminals; coefficient derivation means for deriving coefficients in an estimation equation in which the DL throughput is an objective variable and at least the wireless reception quality information and the network quality information are explanatory variables, based on the information acquired by the acquisition means; and estimation means for estimating DL throughput corresponding to measurement data from the measurement data using the estimation equation with application of the coefficients.

Abstract: A system can include a host device that includes a downstream port and an endpoint device that includes an upstream port. A bidirectional multilane link can interconnect the downstream port and the upstream port. The downstream port can send a request to the upstream port across the bidirectional multilane link to change a number of active lanes in a first direction on the bidirectional multilane link, the request comprising an indication of a desired link width, receive an acknowledgment from the upstream port to change the number of active lanes on the bidirectional multilane link to the desired link width in the first direction, configure the bidirectional multilane link to operate using the desired link width, and send or receiving data to the upstream port using the desired link width. The change in link width can be asymmetrical (i.e., the upstream link width is different from the downstream link width).

Abstract: Methods and systems that use a plurality of machine learning models to both monitor user-generated data entries corresponding to differences in network traffic that may be evidence of a disruption and determine severity levels based on: (i) current and historic differences in average network traffic over the plurality of communication networks; (ii) current and historic user-generated data entries; and (iii) labeled severity levels for historic differences in average network traffic over the plurality of communication networks.

Abstract: A method of supporting latency monitoring in a network transporting traffic to and from a wireless base station. The method comprises, at a first node of the transport network determining a first timestamp representing a time at which a data element is received at the first node and adding information representative of the first timestamp to a communication signal which carries data for the wireless base station, the data including the data element. The method also comprises sending an indication of an association between the information representative of the first timestamp and the data element that the information representative of the first timestamp relates to. A method performed at a second node as well as apparatus for use at the first node and apparatus for use at the second node are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method in a physical network controller (130) for configuring physical resources to provide a physical layer connection in a communications network (100). The physical layer connection provides physical connectivity for a higher layer network connection controlled by a higher layer network controller (120) in a hierarchical arrangement with the physical network controller (130). The method comprising the physical network controller (130) receiving (210) an indication for a minimum traffic capacity for the physical layer connection. The physical network controller configuring (220) physical resources according to the received indication.

Abstract: A method for dynamically creating network access control lists includes, by a processor receiving a request for an access control list (ACL). The method further includes, in response to receiving the request for the ACL: receiving a plurality of resource description from a first data source, receiving a policy enforcement point (PEP) graph for a network from a second data source, and using the plurality of resource descriptions and the PEP graph to generate the ACL, wherein the ACL comprises at least one policy for controlling network traffic through a PEP of the network. Each of the plurality of resource descriptions is associated with a plurality of computing devices in the network, and includes one or more of the following: information corresponding to an Internet Protocol definition of a computing device, information corresponding to desired access of the computing device, and information corresponding to permitted access of the computing device.

Abstract: Controlling a vehicle-to-everything, V2X, service for one or more user equipments is described. An apparatus is, for example, configured to determine a requirement for the V2X service based on a network parameter of a network and/or an application requirement of a V2X application of the V2X service. The requirement includes at least one of the group consisting of: a quality of service (QoS), a mode of operation, and a resource requirement. The apparatus is configured to transmit an adaptation request message comprising the requirement for an adaptation to the requirement.

Abstract: A radio device receives a first message from a further radio device. The first message indicates an intention of the further radio device to perform a device-to-device radio transmission on a set of radio resources. The radio device determines a status of the set of radio resources. In response to the first message, the radio device sends a second message comprising an indicator which indicates the determined status of the set of radio resources in terms of at least three levels.

Abstract: A real-time data processing method and an apparatus thereof are provided. The method includes collecting real-time data received by one or more nodes in a distributed system; aggregating real-time data that satisfies a same predetermined condition on all the nodes to obtain a total amount of real-time data corresponding to the same predetermined condition, wherein the predetermined condition is used for representing a time at which the real-time data is collected; and calculating a degree of completeness of the real-time data that satisfies the same predetermined condition, wherein the degree of completeness is used for indicating a ratio between processed real-time data that satisfies the same predetermined conditions and the real-time data aggregated on all the nodes. Using the present disclosure, problems caused by failing to know a progress of real-time data processing in existing technologies are resolved, thereby adding a dimension of evaluation of the real-time data processing.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for providing computer implemented services using managed systems are disclosed. To provide the computer implemented services, the managed systems may need to operate in a predetermined manner conducive to, for example, execution of applications that provide the computer implemented services. Similarly, the managed system may need access to certain hardware resources (e.g., and also software resources such as drivers, firmware, etc.) to provide the desired computer implemented services. To improve the likelihood of the computer implemented services being provided, the managed devices may be managed using a dynamic reporting model. The dynamic reporting model may facilitate reduction and increasing in computing resources used for reporting dynamically as the operation of the managed system change. The dynamic reporting model may be used to limit overhead for reporting.

Abstract: A method for enabling a performance measurement on packet flow transmitted through a communication network. A marking value is periodically switched in the packets with a marking period Tm. The packet flow is then divided into blocks of duration Ts (synchronization period). Each synchronization period comprises an integer number of marking periods. Two or more measurement points on the path of the packet flow may provide a performance parameter for each marking period and associate thereto a synchronization information generated based on their local clocks and relating to the synchronization period containing the marking period to which the performance parameter relates; and a sequence information indicating the marking period's position within the synchronization period. A management server may identify performance parameters provided by different measurement points and relating to a same marking period based on the synchronization information and the sequence information.

Abstract: [Problem] To deal with interference in cases where a plurality of business operators perform testing at the same time at different MEG levels. [Solution] A network device 2 includes a frame distinguishing unit 22a that, upon receiving a start instruction for a test from a control device 3, monitors whether or not an OAM frame of a preceding test of a different level from a MEG level of an own device has arrived at the own device, for a predetermined period, and a CPU 24 that, if the frame distinguishing unit 22a detects arrival of the OAM frame, and determination is made that its own test will affect the preceding test, notifies the result of the detection and determination.

Abstract: A traffic detection method, apparatus, and system are provided. A first network device obtains a packet, where the packet is any packet of the traffic. The first network device adds a detection flag and detection indication information to the packet to update the packet, where the detection flag is used to indicate a position of the detection indication information, where the detection indication information includes a first flag, and the first flag is used to indicate whether the traffic is to-be-detected traffic. The first network device sends an updated packet to a second network device. According to this method, traffic performance is detected, and flexibility and extensiveness of traffic performance detection are improved.

Abstract: An electronic device configures two or more virtual responders associated with different subsets of capabilities of a physical responder in the electronic device, where the physical responder comprises a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and multiple antennas, and where a given virtual responder corresponds to the RF transceiver and a given antenna. Then, the electronic device performs, based at least in part on wirelessly communication with a second electronic device and using at least the virtual responders, measurements on wireless signals from the second electronic device to the electronic device, where the measurements correspond to a time of flight of the wireless signals. Next, the electronic device determines, based at least in part on the measurements, a range between the electronic device and the second electronic device, where the determination uses the measurements from different virtual responders to correct for an environmental condition and/or increase an accuracy of the determined range.

Abstract: Features are disclosed for enriching a packet of network traffic between a first computing environment and a second computing environment with telemetry information. Each computing environment can include a network device for enriching packets with telemetry information and parsing enriched packets. A source network device can select a packet of the network traffic for enrichment based on enrichment parameters and generate an enriched packet including payload information and telemetry information. A destination network device can receive the enriched packet and parse the enriched packet to separate the payload information and telemetry information. The destination network device can transmit transmission information to the source network device based on the enriched packet.

Abstract: A method is implemented by a network device where the method performs a trace flow process in a packet processing pipeline of the network device. The packet processing pipeline includes a trace table and a forward table. The method encompasses forwarding a trace packet to the trace table, forwarding a copy of the trace packet to a trace analyzer in response to determining that a trace bit is set in the trace packet, forwarding the trace packet to the forward table, and determining a next stage of the packet processing pipeline based on trace packet meta data and a value stored in a trace register.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling transmission of signaling between a first access node and a second access node, in a system where the first access node and second access node are each configured to provide respective wireless coverage and service. An example method includes monitoring a total volume of data communication between the first access node and the second access node and, based at least on the monitoring, controlling a rate of periodic control signaling between the first access node and the second access node. In a dual-connectivity implementation, the method could apply, for instance, to control a rate at which the second access node transmits data-usage reports (e.g., second-RAT usage reports) to the first access node.

Abstract: A path selection apparatus in a sensor tree includes a node moving unit that selects a first node in the sensor tree, and moves a second node to under a third node in the sensor tree if the total number of packets transmitted and received in the sensor tree is reduced as a result of the second node being moved to under the third node, the first node having a child node under the first node, the second node being located under a subtree of which a vertex is the first node, the third node not belonging to the subtree. If nodes under the subtree of which the vertex is the first node do not include anode that reduces the total number of packets as a result of being moved, the node moving unit moves a node that is included in the nodes under the subtree and does not change the total number of packets, to under the third node.

Abstract: The present invention enhances the quality that a user feels in a wireless communication system. This base station device 60 is provided with: a calculation unit 63 which calculates a data transmission start deadline at which data transmission to a wireless terminal device 70 can be completed by a completion deadline for transmission to the wireless terminal device 70 set on the basis of information about the application, when the data, which is transmitted to the wireless terminal device 70 by the application executed by a server device 80 in response to a request from the wireless terminal device 70, is transmitted to the wireless terminal device 70 by using a wireless resource; and an allocation unit 64 which allocates a wireless resource necessary for the transmission of the corresponding data to the wireless terminal device 70 on the basis of the transmission start deadline and the current time.

Abstract: A communication equipment comprises a wireless LAN transceiver, and a controller. The controller is configured to when performing connect process to an access point by the wireless LAN transceiver, decide whether to perform a communication acknowledgement to confirm availability of an internet connection via the access point, on the basis of identification information which the wireless LAN transceiver receives from the access point.

Abstract: A communication device includes a packet detection circuit, a decoding circuit and a threshold decision circuit. The packet detection circuit is arranged to perform packet detection according to at least one threshold to determine whether a packet is included in a received signal. The decoding circuit is arranged to decode the packet when packet detection circuit determines that the packet is included in the received signal, and determine whether the packet is a predetermined packet. The threshold decision circuit is arranged to calculate a number of the predetermined packet received within a time period and adjust the at least one threshold according to the number of the predetermined packet.

Abstract: An example method comprises receiving flow packets from network traffic analyzing platforms, for each particular flow packet: identify the particular flow packet as belonging to one of at least two flow packet types based on a format, if the particular flow packet is sFlow, determine if the particular flow packet is an sFlow sample, counter record, or a third packet type, if the particular flow packet is the sFlow sample or counter record, identify a flow source of the particular flow packet and at least one metric, and update a flow source data structure else ignore the particular flow packet, and if the particular flow packet is a second flow packet type: if the particular flow packet is of a format that matches a template, identify the flow source, and update the flow source data structure to include the identified flow source and the at least one metric.

Abstract: A programmable semiconductor system includes a programmable integrated circuit (“PIC”) and storage capable of facilitating a multi-boot with backup default configuration (“MBC”) process. The PIC, in one embodiment, includes a dual-mode port (“DMP”), configurable logic blocks (“LBs”), routing connections, and a configuration memory for providing configuration data to facilitate user-defined logic functions. The DMP, in one aspect, is operable to handle the configuration data during a configuration mode. Alternatively, the DMP is operable to handle the user data during a logic operation mode. In one aspect, the user configuration data contains the address of the second memory containing DCD.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: determining, by a constrained network device in a low power and lossy network (LLN), a self-estimated density value of neighboring LLN devices based on wirelessly receiving an identified number of beacon message transmissions within an identified time interval from neighboring transmitting LLN devices in the LLN; setting, by the constrained network device, a first wireless transmit power value based on the self-estimated density value; and transmitting a beacon message at the first wireless transmit power value, the beacon message specifying the self-estimated density value, a corresponding trust metric for the self-estimated density value, and the first wireless transmit power value used by the constrained network device for transmitting the beacon message.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to methods and apparatus for traffic separation in a multi AP (MAP) network. In some cases, a MAP Controller may configure sets of SSIDs to a single VLAN ID in a Traffic Separation Policy and distribute the Traffic Separation Policy information to the MAP Agents.

Abstract: Techniques for processing I/O operations in a data storage system may include: receiving I/O operations directed to a logical device associated with a service level specifying a target I/O response time goal; receiving a input identifying whether to calculate an observed I/O response time for the logical device using only an internal processing time associated with processing performed within the data storage system when servicing I/O operations directed to the logical device; determining, in accordance with the input and the I/O operations directed to the logical device, the observed I/O response time for the logical device; determining a service level violation for the first logical device whereby the observed I/O response time violates the service level; and responsive to determining the service level violation whereby the observed I/O response time violates the service level, performing processing to alleviate or remove the first service level violation.

Abstract: A multimedia system applying ToF ranging and its operating method are provided. The multimedia system includes a plurality of electronic devices. Each of the electronic devices includes a processing module, a ToF module, and a communication module. The ToF module is configured to perform a ToF operation. The communication module is configured to perform wireless communication. The electronic devices communicate via respective communication modules to formulate an operation protocol and respective UIDs and to perform a time slot synchronization between different electronic devices. The electronic devices sequentially perform the ToF ranging operation according to the operation protocol and the respective UIDs.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed relating to proximity detection of devices and targeted information services, such as information campaigns. Disclosed methods provide targeted campaigns to a user, such as targeted campaigns to presentation devices based on proximity of user devices near the information devices. Other methods provide targeted campaigns across various applications, while other methods provide for scheduling campaigns to premises device identifiers based on an event schedule, and other methods provide a hierarchal system for monitoring different sets of premises device identifiers when a user device can monitor for a limited number of premises device identifiers at a time.

Abstract: A data packet received at a service infrastructure is screened by a data packet cleaning system that successively applies each signature of a set of signatures as a mask to a predetermined area of a content of the data packet. If there is a byte-for-byte match between the predetermined area of the content and one of the signatures, an action corresponding to the matched signature is taken. The action is selected from unconditionally forwarding the data packet toward a server of the service infrastructure, unconditionally discarding the data packet, forwarding the data packet toward the server of the service infrastructure if a current flow of data packets being forwarded to the server is less than a flow threshold, and discarding the data packet if the current flow of data packets being forwarded to the server meets or exceeds the flow threshold.

Abstract: The centralized control capability of Software Defined Networking (SDN) presents a unique opportunity for enabling Quality of Service (QoS) routing. For delay sensitive traffic flows, a QoS mechanism efficiently computes path latency and minimizes a controller's response time. At the core of the challenges is how to handle short term network state fluctuations in terms of congestion and latency while guaranteeing the end-to-end latency performance of networking services. The disclosed technology provides a systematic framework that considers active link latency measurements, efficient statistic estimate of network states, and fast adaptive path computation. The disclosed technology can be implemented, for example, as an SDN controller application, and can find optimal end-to-end paths with minimum latency and significantly reduce the control overhead.

Abstract: A processing apparatus and method for network indication and a communications system in a procedure of RC-IWK. The processing method includes: a base station determines whether UE context release indication contains information on a cause of release indicating that a traffic of a UE is steered from the LTE to the WLAN, when the UE context release indication transmitted by an MME; and initiates a connection reconfiguration procedure to the UE so that the UE is kept in a connected state, in a case where the UE context release indication contains the information on the cause of release indicating that the traffic of the UE is steered from the LTE to the WLAN. Hence, a case, for example, where the UE not expecting to use the LTE is steered to the LTE system again, will not occur.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed from the perspective of a User Equipment. In one embodiment, the method includes the UE detecting and/or receiving downlink transmission in a first channel occupancy time in unlicensed spectrum. The method also includes the UE detecting and/or receiving downlink transmission in a second channel occupancy time in unlicensed spectrum, wherein the second channel occupancy time is a next channel occupancy time detected by the UE after the first channel occupancy time. The method further includes that after the first channel occupancy time ends, the UE performs receiving beam sweeping in each time unit until the UE receives downlink transmission in the second channel occupancy time or until the UE finds a candidate beam in the second channel occupancy time.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products are provided for reconstructing network activity. A network activity monitor is configured to monitor network activity for various network entities. Based on the monitoring, a set of features may be obtained for each network entity. A determination may be made for a number of vertices suitable for describing the sets of features in a multidimensional space. In some implementations, the vertices may define a convex hull in the multidimensional space. Each of the vertices may be assigned a different usage pattern that represents a certain type of network usage types. Reconstructed network activity for a particular network entity may be represented as a weighted combination of the usage patterns. Based on the reconstruction, a network anomaly may be detected, a network may be modified, and/or an alert may be generated.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: determining, by a constrained network device in a low power and lossy network (LLN), a self-estimated density value of neighboring LLN devices based on wirelessly receiving an identified number of beacon message transmissions within an identified time interval from neighboring transmitting LLN devices in the LLN; setting, by the constrained network device, a first wireless transmit power value based on the self-estimated density value; and transmitting a beacon message at the first wireless transmit power value, the beacon message specifying the self-estimated density value, a corresponding trust metric for the self-estimated density value, and the first wireless transmit power value used by the constrained network device for transmitting the beacon message.

Abstract: Systems and methods for effectively managing exit nodes are provided. The exemplary systems and methods use a Supernode to examine an Exit Node through sending and receiving a request to a Target. Information about the exit node is then stored into the Supernode. According to the information provided from the Supernode, the Exit Nodes Database systemizes the proxies according to availability and provides available exit nodes to a User Device.

Abstract: A system and method for classifying network traffic including: providing a framework of models configured to classify network traffic; determining, via a packet processing engine, whether the network traffic flow is encrypted; if the network traffic flow is encrypted: extracting, via the packet processing engine, encrypted flow attributes associated with a network traffic flow; deriving further flow attributes based on the extracted encrypted flow attributes; determining at least one model of the framework of models based on the derived flow attributes and extracted encrypted flow attributes; and classifying, via a traffic classification engine, the traffic flow as a category of traffic based on the at least one model; and if the network traffic flow is not encrypted: extracting non-encrypted flow attributes associated with a network traffic flow; classifying the traffic flow as a category of traffic based on the non-encrypted flow attributes.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system for processing data. During operation, the system receives records of activity within a stream-processing system over a set of event streams, wherein each event stream in the set of event streams contains events related to a corresponding job in the stream-processing system. Next, the system indexes data in the records under a set of keys that include a first key related to jobs in the stream-processing system and a second key related to errors in the stream-processing system. The system then outputs the indexed data for use in analyzing the execution of the stream-processing system.

Abstract: A method for congestion management on a network including: determining whether a cell on the network is congested; identifying at least one heavy user on the cell; determine traffic flow criteria of the at least one heavy user; and shape network traffic of the at least one heavy user based on the traffic flow criteria of the heavy user. A system for congestion management on a network including: a QoE module configured to determine whether a cell on the network is congested; an analysis module configured to identify at least one heavy user on the cell and determine traffic flow criteria of the at least one heavy user; and at least one shaper configured to shape network traffic of the at least one heavy user based on the traffic flow criteria of the heavy user.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for segment routing (SR) over label distribution protocol (LDP). In one embodiment, the method includes a node receiving a packet with an attached segment ID. In response, the node may attach a label to the packet. Thereafter, the node may forward the packet with the attached label and segment ID to another node via a label switched path (LSP).

Abstract: A wireless communication method, in particular via Bluetooth® protocol, between a main communication device and one or more peripheral communication devices, comprising an initial step which envisages establishing a connection between the main device and the peripheral device; said initial step comprising a step of sending a connection request signal from the peripheral device to the main device which comprises a sub-step of inserting, in said connection request signal, additional data representing a first action to be performed and/or values and/or current status by the main communication device.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a reception method in broadcast and broadband cooperation service, the reception method includes: receiving broadcast content transmitted through broadcast; receiving acquisition information through the broadcast, the acquisition information being information used to play back broadband content transmitted through broadband while the broadband content is synchronized with the received broadcast content, the acquisition information being information relating to acquisition of the broadband content; and acquiring the broadband content based on the received acquisition information. Therefore, the broadband content can properly be acquired in response to the reception of the broadcast content.

Abstract: A data exchange method and apparatus, where the method includes: sending, by a primary base station, a request of setting up an X3 interface to a secondary base station, wherein the X3 interface has a capability of bidirectional data communication; receiving, by the primary base station, a response of setting up the X3 interface sent by the secondary base station; and performing, by the primary base station, bidirectional data exchange with the secondary base station using the X3 interface.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for identifying a protocol of a data stream exchanged between two entities of a telecommunication network, the processing method comprising the following steps: on receiving data of the data stream, grammatical parsing of said data stream in order to identify a protocol of the data stream; in the event of failure to identify the protocol of the data stream by grammatical parsing, consulting a signature engine mapping protocols with corresponding signatures, and sequentially applying signatures to the data flow in order to identify a data stream protocol.

Abstract: A network device may receive, from an endpoint device, a first message that includes first endpoint identification information. The network device may be connected to the endpoint device via a plurality of links. The network device may receive, from another network device, a second message that includes second endpoint identification information. The network device may determine whether the first endpoint identification information corresponds to the second endpoint identification information. The network device may cause, based on determining whether the first endpoint identification information corresponds to the second endpoint identification information, a state of the plurality of links to be maintained or changed.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed herein for machine-learned detection of outliers within payload requests. An entity management system uses machine learning to cluster data characterizing requests from entities to route payloads, and determines one or more data clusters that are outliers. The system receives a request to route a payload to a destination, and applies a supervised machine learning model to size and type information indicated by the payload. The supervised machine learning model applies a label to the payload data (e.g., indicating that the payload routing request is an outlier). This outlier detection may drive a validation process to address detected outliers. The system may receive an indication to perform a validation function and transmit the payload to a validation destination. The system may leverage payload data and feedback received from an entity to optimize machine learning techniques to the entity.

Abstract: A method for performing a performance measurement on a multipoint packet flow transmitted in a packet-switched subnetwork. A monitoring network of measurement points is implemented in the subnetwork. All packets have a marking value, which is periodically switched between first and second marking values. Each measurement point receiving a marked packet updates a couple of performance parameters, one per each marking value. Since not all the measurement points receive the same packets of the multipoint packet flow, to provide a performance measurement a cluster of measurement points is firstly identified in the monitoring network, which possesses the following property: each packet received at the input of the cluster is also received at the output of the cluster, if no packet loss occurs. The performance parameters provided by input and output measurement points of the identified cluster are then used for providing the performance measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure can aggregate network flow data over various periods of time, and present a graphical representation of the network flow information based on the aggregated data instead of (or in addition to) the raw network flow data. Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosure are able to present historical network flow data for relatively long periods of time without having to store large volumes of raw network flow data.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a forwarding element that parses a packet to selectively extract a set of header field values for a flow key. The forwarding element then uses the flow key to find a matching flow to process the packet. In some embodiments, the forwarding element chooses the set of header values following the match pattern of a set of one or more flows. The forwarding element of some embodiments chooses the set of header values based on a wildcard mask that is associated with a flow entry or a flow table mask that is associated with a flow table.