Abstract: A method for transmitting data includes receiving at a first relay station first data from a parent station during a downlink period comprising a plurality of downlink zones. A network coding zone is one of the plurality of downlink zones and is located at an end of the downlink period, and the first data is received in at least one of the plurality of downlink zones other than the network coding zone. The method further includes receiving at the first relay station from a child station, second data during an uplink zone, and transmitting third data by the first relay station to the child station, during the network coding zone using a resource. The method further includes transmitting the third data to the parent station, during the network coding zone, using the resource. The third data results from the first data being effectively logically XOR-ed to the second data.

Abstract: A frequency block allocation apparatus based on a single carrier frequency division multiple access method includes an allocation index computation target selector that selects frequency block groups, each consisting of one or more continuous non-allocated frequency blocks from a set of non-allocated frequency blocks; an allocation index computation unit that computes an allocation index for each target pair of each frequency block group and a terminal; and a frequency block allocation unit that determines one of the target pairs to be a frequency block allocation target, in accordance with priority based on the computed allocation indexes.

Abstract: A cellular communication device has one or more access modes which allow reading and writing of data, for example to change its settings, for example passwords and even the entire operating system and also permitting access to personal information such as the user's telephone book. To prevent cloning and like illegal access activity, the device is configured by restricting access to such data access modes using a device unique security setting. The setting may be a password, preferably a one-time password, or it may be a unique or dynamic or one time configuration of the codes for the read and write instructions of the data mode. There is also disclosed a server, which manages the security settings such that data mode operates during an active connection between the device and the server, and a secure communication protocol for communicating between the server and the cellular device.

Abstract: Conducting communications via a satellite includes using an antenna subsystem to provide fixed location spot beams. The spot beams may be assigned to beam groups according to an objective. At least one transmit-side switch may be sequentially switched to connect an output of a first pathway with different spot beams within a first beam group to establish traffic according to a first transmit beam switching pattern. At least one transmit-side switch may be sequentially switched to connect an output of the second pathway with different spot beams within a second beam group to establish traffic according to a second transmit beam switching pattern. The first and second transmit beam switching patterns may be coordinated to avoid substantial interference between traffic transmitted to a spot beam of the first beam group on a same frequency as traffic transmitted to a spot beam of the second beam group.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for determining whether a wireless device should retransmit data packets based on the condition of a reverse wireless link. In a particular embodiment, a method provides exchanging wireless data packet communications between a wireless device and an access node on a wireless network. The method further provides transmitting a first packet set from the access node to the wireless device on a forward wireless link. The method further provides determining a reverse noise ratio, signal interference noise ratio, and packet error rate on a reverse wireless link and generating a confidence level indicator based on the reverse noise ratio, signal interference noise ratio, and packet error rate. The method further provides determining whether to retransmit the first packet set from the access node to the wireless device based on the confidence level indicator.

Abstract: A mobile communication system includes a data multiplexer which divides by time a radio frame of a communication channel in a radio layer and multiplexes one of a plurality of pieces of multicast data and a plurality of pieces of broadcast data into the divided radio frames; and a data multiplex demultiplexer which demultiplexes, when receiving one of the plurality of pieces of multicast data and the plurality of pieces of broadcast data multiplexed by the data multiplexer, the multiplexing of the received data.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate transmitting at least two different types of information in a single signal, whereby the different types of information can be encoded and decoded independently. Thus, changes to one type of information does not affect a second type of information.

Abstract: A method for transmitting user data from access terminals, including receiving at each of a first subset of the access terminals a scheduling decision for an interval; selecting at each access terminal of the first subset a mode for data multiplexing, wherein at least three modes are available; and transmitting the user data using the selected mode of data multiplexing in accordance with the scheduling decision.

Abstract: A method for managing radio resources allocated by a radio network controller of a UTRAN radio access network, where the resources support a plurality of service requests identified by a radio access bearer service request sent by the core network and describing the required QoS as a set of RAB parameters defined by mapping with corresponding QoS parameters of the core network, the controller is provided to distribute the resources amongst the bearer services and to modulate the allocation of the resources according to the priority level associated with each of the bearer services, and the priority level is defined by the “priority level” sub-parameter of the “Allocation Retention Priority” RAB parameter, with a value determined by taking into account the value of the “Allocation Retention Priority” QOS parameter of the core network and the value of at least one QoS parameter associated with the type of service.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a granularity of resource allocation in a wireless mobile communication system supporting a compact scheduling is discussed. A resource indication value (RIV) corresponds to a start index (S) of one set of consecutive virtual resource blocks (VRBs) and a length of the VRBs. The start index (S) is selected from among ‘s’ values (where s=P+mT<NRB), and the length (L) is selected from among ‘l’ values (where l=K+nG?NRB). Here, P is a predetermined integer of 0 or higher, T or G is a predetermined natural number, m is an integer of 0 or higher, and n is a natural number.

Abstract: A method for communicating includes utilizing a satellite comprising receivers, transmitters, transmit switches, and a gateway switch structure. Prior to a time T, each of at least P receivers are used to receive one of at least P signals from P gateway terminals. During one frame, the gateway switch structure is used to switch the at least P signals to the plurality of transmit switches. Each of the at least P signals are switched into fixed location beams. After time T and before a time T2, each of at least Q receivers are used to receive a different one of at least Q signals from Q gateway terminals. During one frame, the gateway switch structure is used to switch the at least Q signals to the plurality of transmit switches. Each of the at least Q signals are switched into fixed location beams. Q and P are non-zero positive integers and Q<P.

Abstract: Provided is a method for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) of a relay station. The method includes: receiving SRS parameters; allocating a radio resource by using the SRS parameters; and transmitting the SRS to a base station by using the radio resource, wherein the radio resource indicated by the SRS parameters includes a symbol in which a guard time for switching signal transmission and reception is located in a time domain.

Abstract: Conventionally, different HARQ processes 801 and 802 (subframes T1 and T2) transmit data packets B and D, respectively. One data packet corresponds to one process and is retransmitted as necessary one by one on a process basis, degrading the usage efficiency of frequency and time resources. To solve this problem, downlink data packets B and D, when needed to be retransmitted, are spatially multiplexed in the different HARQ processes 801 and 802. The data packets are simultaneously retransmitted to the same terminal as process 805 (subframe T3).

Abstract: A relay communication system and a method for transmitting data in the same system, wherein the method for transmitting data comprises: a relay station notifying a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal of air interface resources which are required when the transmitting terminal transmits data and when the receiving terminal receives the data (S102); the transmitting terminal transmitting the data to the relay station on the air interface recourses, and the relay station forwarding the data to the receiving terminal on the air interface resources (S104). By using the present invention, the times of forwarding the data along a data transmission path can be effectively reduced, and thus improves data transmission efficiency.

Abstract: A method for distributing network resource is disclosed. The method includes transmitting a service request to a network for requesting that a connection be established between the network and a user equipment, determining whether the network is in a resource limited status, and controlling a time interval for transmitting another service request to the network when the network is in the resource limited status.

Abstract: Systems and methods for signalling transitions between talk-spurt state and silence state for wireless terminals having semi-persistently allocated uplink resources are employed. A layer 1/2 indication of the state transitions may be transmitted using a resource that is specifically allocated for that purpose. Alternatively, ACK/NACK signalling may be employed. Layer 1 indications may be employed for both state transition types. Alternatively, in-band MAC layer signalling may be used to signal state transition from talk-spurt state to silence, or the network may deduce this state transition on its own. A different uplink wireless transition resource is allocated for the talk-spurt state vs. the silence state.

Abstract: An apparatus is capable of restoring a clock of a second node in a communication system with a symmetric network construction of a first node that is capable of receiving a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal, and the second node that is not capable of receiving a GPS signal. The method includes identifying synchronization information received from the first node, determining a delay with the first node, generating a clock using the synchronization information and delay, removing a clock phase being out of a reference range in a phase identification interval, dividing the phase identification interval into at least two subdivision intervals, and removing a clock phase being out of a normal operation range of a phase in each subdivision interval.

Abstract: Provided are a communication method and system for sensor network. In reporting event occurrence in a real-time sensor network application, a cycle time is divided into an event announcement period and a data transmission period to provide real-time transmission performance and energy efficiency. Each of the periods is again divided into the number of slots equal to the maximum depth of a network. Respective nodes sequentially operate according to their depths in a routing tree during the event announcement period to receive the signal transmitted from the lower node. To remove sleep delay, a slot next to the signal reception slot becomes a signal transmission slot. A node sensed an event transmits a signal informing event occurrence during its signal transmission slot, and this signal includes only the address of the transmission node. When a signal does not exist in the event announcement period, no traffic occurs in the data transmission period and the upper nodes maintain a sleep state.

Abstract: A communication control apparatus that performs wireless communication with a plurality of communication apparatuses, the communication control apparatus comprises: a grouping unit adapted to group the plurality of communication apparatuses based on the relative positions of each of the plurality of communication apparatuses; a notification unit adapted to notify each of the plurality of communication apparatuses of the group to which that communication apparatus belongs and of a communication slot allocated to that group; and a transmission unit adapted to transmit transmission data at a predetermined timing.

Abstract: Multiple applications sharing common resources are arbitrated such that failures resulting from unavailable resources can be avoided. Whenever an application (e.g., a data application) desires to perform an operation (e.g., PPP resynchronization) that requires the use of a shared resource (e.g., an RF receiver), a determination is made as to whether that resource is available. The operation may be delayed while the resource is unavailable. The application may be assigned the resource if it is available or becomes available and may then start the operation. The resource is locked while the operation is pending to avoid assignment to another application. The resource arbitration allows applications to complete their operations without encountering failures due to other applications taking over the resources.

Abstract: A system for communicating with wireless devices. The systems includes radio groups whose MIMO physical sectors overlap. The MIMO physical sectors communicate using different channels. The MIMO physical sectors overlap to form an area of overlap. Each radio group includes directional antennas and radios. Radios are selectively coupled to the antennas. The antennas that are oriented so that the physical sectors of the antennas overlap to operate as MIMO antennas and form the MIMO physical sector for the radio group. The antennas operate as a MIMO antenna.

Abstract: A simulator for testing a wireless device is configured by using an indication of connected devices and channel model to be applied to an identified link received as input to calculate settings for function elements which modify signals to implement simulated effects defined by the channel model. The calculations are performed while a test is running, thereby avoiding delays associated with playback tests. Allocation of simulator paths and function elements are automated, and an indication of how the wireless devices are to be connected to the simulator is provided to the user.

Abstract: According to one general aspect, a method comprising establishing a connection with at least one mobile station (MS). The method further comprising, in one embodiment, allocating communication resources, in resource blocks, to the MS. In various embodiments, the method also comprising selecting a size of a burst length field based in part upon a bandwidth and a number of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols used to communicate with the MS. In another example embodiment, the method also comprising selecting a size of a burst length field based in part upon a bandwidth and scheduling time duration (which can be based upon sub-frame, multiple sub-frame or frame duration) used to communicate with the MS. In one embodiment, the method may also include transmitting, to the MS, a message that includes the burst length field. In some embodiments, the burst length field may indicate to the MS the number of resource blocks allocated to the MS for purposes of communication.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supporting more flexible coverage areas and spatial capacity assignments using satellite communications systems are disclosed. A hub-spoke, bent-pipe satellite communications system includes: terminals; gateways; a controller for specifying data for controlling satellite operations in accordance with a frame definition including timeslots for a frame and defining an allocation of capacity between forward and return traffic; and a satellite including: pathways; at least one LNA, an output of which is for coupling to a pathway and to amplify uplink beam signals in accordance with the allocation; and at least one HPA, an input of which is for coupling to the pathway and to amplify downlink beam signals in accordance with the allocation, and wherein the frame definition specifies at least one pathway as a forward pathway for at least one timeslot and as a return pathway for at least one other timeslot in the frame.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data includes receiving at a first relay station first data from a parent station during a downlink period comprising a plurality of downlink zones. A network coding zone is one of the plurality of downlink zones and is located at an end of the downlink period, and the first data is received in at least one of the plurality of downlink zones other than the network coding zone. The method further includes receiving at the first relay station from a child station, second data during an uplink zone, and transmitting third data by the first relay station to the child station, during the network coding zone using a resource. The method further includes transmitting the third data to the parent station, during the network coding zone, using the resource. The third data results from the first data being effectively logically XOR-ed to the second data.

Abstract: A method for processing a source routed packet comprises determining a next node in a source route for a source routed packet in a mesh network and transmitting the source routed packet to the next node in the source route. A method for creating a source routed packet comprises determining a source route path to a destination node and transmitting a source routed packet that includes the source route path to a first node associated with the source route path.

Abstract: A method and system for achieving a link budget improvement in a diverse OFDM radio system by addressing the timing misalignment issue that can occur due to the differences in propagation time in signals between mobile stations and Radio Access Nodes. Timing misalignment is shared or split between the primary path to a primary Radio Access Node and a diverse path to a diverse Radio Access Node. The relative timing offsets between mobile stations are adjusted, the mobile stations are grouped into zones using a variety of different grouping techniques, and the transmission for each mobile station is scheduled, using one or more of a variety of scheduling techniques.

Abstract: A device receives bandwidth information associated with a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) network. The device calculates burstable and allocated bandwidths for VSAT carriers of the VSAT network to ensure that the VSAT carriers have bandwidth available for traffic that exceeds a minimum target burstable bandwidth. The device also implements the burstable and allocated bandwidths in the VSAT network.

Abstract: A network for wireless transmission of a media data in a building includes a plurality of access points. A first access point receives the media data from a source and transmits the media data downstream at a first data rate. A plurality of additional access points is distributed about the building, each of which includes an upstream transceiver to receive the media content on a first channel and a downstream transceiver to re-transmit the media content at substantially the first data rate on a second channel. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A method of transmitting/updating system informations is disclosed. The present invention includes transmitting channel descriptor transmission control information including an index of the system information classified into a plurality of groups to a terminal at a start timing point of an arbitrary control interval and transmitting the system information of a corresponding group to the terminal at a transmission timing point according to the index in the control interval. According to the above embodiments of the present invention, it is able to non-periodically perform scheduling on system informations classified by a base station. It is able to decrease an update time of system information as well as a time taken for network entry and initialization of terminals. And, it is able to obtain distributed effect of an initial ranging attempt in aspect of system.

Abstract: A method and system for decoding SACCH control channels in GSM-based systems with partial combining using weighted SNR may comprise combining least one weighted bit of a GSM slow associated control channel (SACCH) frame with at least one weighted bit of a subsequent GSM SACCH block based on burst signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of the GSM SACCH block and the subsequent GSM SACCH block. The burst SNR may be determined from a mid-amble of the GSM SACCH block and its subsequent GSM SACCH block. The burst SNRs of the GSM SACCH block may be translated to a corresponding plurality of scaling factors. At least a first weighting factor may be determined from the corresponding plurality of scaling factors. At least one weighted bit of the GSM SACCH block is determined utilizing the determined first weighting factor.

Abstract: A relay and a terminal in a multi-pair two-way network and a communication method thereof is provided. A communication method of a relay of a network including K transmit-and-receive pairs including a plurality of terminals, with the relay including M antennas and each of the terminals including N antennas, including accessing a codebook including codewords, the codebook being configured to enable effective channels from the K transmit-and-receive pairs to the relay to be aligned in independent dimensions, respectively, when the K transmit-and-receive pairs transmit signals simultaneously, each of the effective channels being aligned based on one of the codewords, selecting one or more of the codewords indicating the effective channels from the K transmit-and-receive pairs to the relay, respectively, and transmitting information associated with the selected codewords to corresponding ones of the K transmit-and-receive pairs.

Abstract: A system includes a central controller to transmit a plurality of synchronization codes through a transmission medium and a plurality of satellite controllers, each satellite controller configured to recognize one or more synchronization codes of the plurality of synchronization codes, each satellite controller comprising a synchronous clock signal generator to generate a synchronous clock signal each time the satellite controller recognizes the one or more synchronization codes of the plurality of synchronization codes.

Abstract: A method of modifying a call setup message for a call from a first terminal to a second terminal, the call setup message being sent from the first terminal to a network node via an intermediate node which handles at least some signaling or traffic associated with the call, wherein the network node is responsible for negotiating call setup requirements for the call to the second terminal, the method comprising the steps of: intercepting the call setup message at the intermediate node; identifying one or more preferences or capabilities associated with the intermediate node which may impact the way in which the intermediate node can handle signaling or traffic associated with the call; modifying the call setup message based on information relating to said preferences or capabilities; and sending the modified call setup message to the network node, in order that the node can effect said negotiations based on the modified message.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a granularity of resource allocation in a wireless mobile communication system supporting a compact scheduling is discussed. A resource indication value (RIV) corresponds to a start index (S) of one set of consecutive virtual resource blocks (VRBs) and a length of the VRBs. The start index (S) is selected from among ‘s’ values (where s=P+mT<NRB), and the length (L) is selected from among ‘1’ values (where 1=K+nG?NRB). Here, P is a predetermined integer of 0 or higher, T or G is a predetermined natural number, m is an integer of 0 or higher, and n is a natural number.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of transmitting and receiving data in soft handoff of a wireless communication system. According to an aspect of the present invention, in the method of receiving data in soft handoff of a wireless communication system, a mobile station receives a first sequence being generated by interleaving transmission data using a first interleaver pattern, and also receives a second sequence being generated by interleaving the transmission data using a second interleaver pattern. Then, the mobile station combines and decodes the first sequence and the second sequence before receiving an entire frame having the first sequence allocated thereto.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing interference caused by an interfering signal are disclosed for use in an access node, such as a base station, communicating with at least one mobile terminal in a wireless network, the method comprising the following steps: receiving information related to at least one data packet that is to be transmitted by a second access node to at least a second mobile terminal, receiving time-frequency information about the point in time when the at least one data packet will be transmitted from the second access node to the second mobile terminal, estimating the interfering signal based on the at least one data packet, cancelling interference based on the estimated interference signal at the point in time. This facilitates interference cancellation, especially in a network using distributed RRM.

Abstract: A transmitter apparatus at a base station transmits program information using a plurality of carriers with at least some of the carriers having different transmit power levels. The carrier associated with the highest transmit power level conveys broadcast information carrying basic program information. A carrier associated with a lower power level conveys broadcast information including enhancement information and/or additional content. The enhancement information and/or additional content may include a higher level of video and/or audio resolution, additional video and/or audio content, support for additional languages, a text stream, and/or advertisements. A wireless terminal tunes, receives and processes the broadcast information. A wireless terminal can recover different levels of resolution of a broadcast program, e.g., a digital video broadcast program, and/or different amounts of additional content, depending upon which carriers are being used.

Abstract: A user data transmission method for transmitting uplink user data via an E-DPDCH, including: determining, at a radio network controller, that the mobile station transmitting the E-DPDCH to only a first cell transmits the E-DPDCH to the first cell and a second cell; notifying, at the radio network controller, E-HICH decoding information for decoding a E-HICH for the uplink user data to be transmitted by the second cell, to the mobile station based on the determination; transmitting, at the mobile station, the E-DPDCH to the first cell and the second cell, after the E-HICH decoding information is received; and decoding, at the mobile station, the E-HICH for the uplink user data to be transmitted from the second cell based on the E-HICH decoding information, and performing a retransmission control of the uplink user data toward the second cell based on the decoded E-HICH for the uplink user data.

Abstract: A mechanism is disclosed where a Base Station provides assistance to a mobile device in the channel-switch process because a mobile device might have to perform frequent channel switches to overcome adverse channel conditions due to interference in the 900 MHz ISM band. The Base Station broadcasts channel-specific information that will be used by all mobile devices to accurately select prospective channels for future channel-switches, thereby cutting down the latency that is experienced during an actual switch.

Abstract: A first user terminal receives data during a time slot assigned for simultaneous transmission of data to a first set of at least one user terminal and to a second set of at least one user terminal using time-division multiplexing, estimates the applied power ratio between a first sub-channel to the first set and a second sub-channel to the second set (the available power ratios are divided into at least one known region and each applied power ratio belongs to one region), estimates bit error probability for each of the bursts of the received data; and applies an adaptation process in order to make the estimated bit error probabilities fall into one of bit error probability intervals of a predefined mapping table with a predetermined probability. which determines the bit error probability that is to be reported to a network.

Abstract: A method for conducting communications via a satellite includes providing a hub-spoke spot beam group. The hub-spoke spot beam group includes at least one fixed location spot beam illuminating a location containing a gateway terminal and at least one fixed location spot beam illuminating a location containing at least one user terminal. The satellite comprises a pathway associated with the hub-spoke spot beam group. At least one receive-side switch is sequentially switched to connect an input of the pathway with different spot beams within the hub-spoke spot beam group. At least one transmit-side switch is sequentially switched to connect an output of the pathway with different spot beams within the hub-spoke spot beam group. Beam switching patterns support both forward and return traffic within a frame.

Abstract: A coexistence communications method for use between wireless networks includes adopting a super-frame structure for use in a wireless network having a plurality of frames, wherein a first frame includes a super-frame preamble, a super-frame control header, a data portion, and a regular self-coexistence window, an intermediate frame includes an OFDM symbol, a data portion, and a regular self-coexistence window, and a last frame includes an OFDM symbol, a data portion, and a joining self-coexistence window, using the self-coexistence windows to exchange inter-wireless network co-existence messages, and using a last reserved self-coexistence window to announce intra-wireless network negotiation decisions.

Abstract: Novel satellite communications systems, methods, and related devices are described. In one set of embodiments, available frequency channels may be dynamically assigned to particular beams of a multi-beam satellite system. The frequency assignment may be based on the amount of frequency allocated to particular beams of the multi-beam satellite system, utilizing a novel frequency selection method employing frequency reuse constraints. There may be a number of distinct frequency channels that are each assigned to one or more different beams. Such a system may be made up of a satellite in communication with terminals (e.g., user terminals or gateways). The satellite may receive and compile bandwidth request data from the terminals, and use this information in frequency assignment.

Abstract: A cryptographic system (1000) is provided. The cryptographic system includes a data stream receiving means (DSRM), a number generator (NG), a mixed radix accumulator (MRA) and an encryptor. The DSRM (1002) receives a data stream (DS). The NG (702) generates a first number sequence (FNS) contained within a Galois Field GF[M]. The MRA (750) is configured to perform a first modification to a first number (FN) in FNS. The first modification involves summing the FN with a result of a modulo P operation performed on a second number in FNS that proceeds FN. The MRA is also configured to perform a second modification to FN utilizing a modulo P operation. The MRA is further configured to repeat the first and second modification for numbers in FNS to generate a second number sequence (SNS). The encryptor (1004) is configured to generate a modified data stream by combining SNS and DS.

Abstract: A method of allocating radio resources in a wireless communication system is disclosed. A method of allocating radio resources from a network of a wireless communication system in accordance with a plurality of scheduling modes comprises transmitting first scheduling information to a user equipment to allocate radio resources to the user equipment in accordance with a first scheduling mode, the first scheduling information including a first user equipment identifier, and transmitting second scheduling information to the user equipment to allocate radio resources to the user equipment in accordance with a second scheduling mode, the second scheduling information including a second user equipment identifier.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for notifying a change of system control information in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes, changing a Group Configuration Change Counter (GCCC) and upon change of a Secondary-Super Frame Header/Sub-Packet1 (S-SFH/SP1) whose transmission period is changeable within a range of one or more super frames, changing the GCCC and information representing the change of the common control message upon change of at least one common control message, and transmitting the GCCC and the information representing the change of the at least one common control message.

Abstract: As a first slot transmitting notification from an electronic device to a host device, a second slot transmitting a coupling request and a third slot transmitting notification except the coupling request are provided, and whether or not to provide the second slot may be controlled. Accordingly, it makes it possible to control a period when the second slot is provided, namely a period when the coupling request is performed, prevent the host device and the electronic device from being coupled erroneously by the unintended coupling request, and couple the host device being a communication object and the electronic device appropriately.

Abstract: A method of improving frequency accuracy of a clock unit adapted to clock a femtocell local cellular communication home base station is provided. The method comprising: providing a local cellular communication home base station having an oscillator adapted to operate as a clock therein, wherein at least one cellular communication device is camped thereto, and wherein the at least one camped cellular communication device is further in communication with at least one neighboring cellular communication base station which is associated with an oscillator adapted to operate as a clock therein; periodically applying a derivative operator over periodically obtained local communication parameters and periodically obtained neighboring communication parameters thereby generating derivative communication parameters over time; and correcting the accuracy of the frequency of the clock in the femtocell local cellular communication home base station using the derivative communication parameters over time.

Abstract: A network can include a number of nodes that link a source node to a sink node. When a first node in a network sends a packet to its downstream node, this information is also received at its upstream node. In response to learning that the first node has sent a packet, the upstream node sends another packet to the first node. In essence, a pull-based transmission approach is used to mitigate congestion and address the funneling effect in data transmission networks such as wireless video sensor networks.