Abstract: In some access networks, group-based beam reporting configured for a UE may be based on heuristics and/or based on UE implementation, and therefore, may lack adequate information regarding joint channel properties for simultaneous transmission and reception on a channel configured with a base station. Configurations of UEs and base stations are described herein that support various feedback metrics for resource grouping in association with transmission and reception operation modes and/or channel states, such as MIMO schemes, SINRs, channel properties, and the like. Base stations may dynamically indicate metrics to be reported by UEs so that simultaneous transmission and reception may be sufficiently supported.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to systems and methods for generating and querying an index associated with targeted communications. A method may include receiving candidate identifiers, rates of targeted communication, and traits associated with the candidate identifiers. A method may include generating a candidate index including one or more dimensions associated with candidate traits. A method may include receiving a query associated with desired candidate traits, determining if one or more candidates appear in the dimensions associated with the desired traits, and intersecting the dimensions to determine if one or more candidates appear in all of the dimensions associated with the desired candidate traits. A method may include generating a result set based on the results of an intersecting computation. A method may include removing candidates from the result set and transmitting targeted communications on behalf of or to the candidates remaining on the result set.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present specification is a method by which a terminal transmits a sounding reference signal (SRS) in a wireless communication system, the method: receiving, from a base station, configuration information relating to an SRS transmission, wherein the configuration information includes a first parameter set relating to a first SRS transmission and a second parameter set relating to a second SRS transmission; receiving downlink control information (DCI) from the base station; and transmitting, to the base station, a first SRS and/or a second SRS on the basis of the DCI.

Abstract: Systems and method are specified to improve the reception of UL transmission, for example in power or coverage limited situations. A WTRU may modify procedures to increase the available signal energy for reception at an eNB and/or to make more efficient use of the available signal energy at the receiver for processing UL transmissions. Example methods for increasing UL link coverage may include modifying HARQ timing (e.g., shorter HARQ), using longer TTIs, use of dedicated PUSCH allocations, use of new PUSCH modulations, enhanced reference signal design, UL macro diversity reception for PUSCH, utilizing protocol reduction techniques, ensuring in-order packet delivery, and/or utilizing a configuration for coverage limited/power limited modes of operation. The proposed methods may be applied individually or in any combination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separately configuring sets of frequency resources for a PDCCH and another physical channel are disclosed. According to the method, the first and second messages are configured separately to respectively indicate the sets of frequency resources with associated numerologies for the PDCCH and other physical channels.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses signal configuration methods and apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises: generating at least two reference signals of a same type corresponding to at least two antenna ports indicated to a terminal device, wherein the at least two reference signals comprise a first reference signal and a second reference signal, wherein a first sequence of the first reference signal is obtained based on a first initialization factor determined based on an index of a first code division multiplexing (CDM) group, and wherein a second sequence of the second reference signal different from the first sequence is obtained based on a second initialization factor determined based on an index of a second CDM group; and transmitting the at least two reference signals.

Abstract: A PDCCH candidate allocation method for cross-carrier scheduling and a device are provided. This method includes: when configuration of a first cell includes search space set configuration or PDCCH candidate quantity configuration thereof, determining a PDCCH candidate quantity and/or a monitoring parameter thereof based on the configuration thereof; or when a first cell has no PDCCH configuration and configuration of a second cell includes only PDCCH configuration thereof, determining a PDCCH candidate quantity and/or a monitoring parameter of the first cell based on the PDCCH configuration of the second cell; or when a first cell has no PDCCH configuration and PDCCH configuration of a second cell includes search space set configuration or PDCCH candidate quantity configuration of the first cell, determining a PDCCH candidate quantity and/or a monitoring parameter of the first cell based on the search space set configuration or PDCCH candidate quantity configuration of the first cell.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed for configuring display screen coordinates. An example apparatus includes at least one storage device or storage disk, instructions, and at least one processor to execute the instructions. When executed, the example instructions cause the at least one processor to determine whether a first position of a first display screen is within a threshold of a second position of a second display screen, and in response to determining that the first position is within the threshold of the second position, adjust a first coordinate of the first display screen relative to a second coordinate of the second display screen, the first coordinate and the second coordinate to be adjusted within a graphics properties page related to configuration of content rendering between the first display screen and the second display screen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and specifically to a method and a device therefor, the method comprising: a step for receiving group common DCI on a first cell, wherein the group common DCI includes availability information about one or more RB sets configured for the first cell; a step for, on the basis of all of the RB set(s) being indicated as unavailable, performing first PDCCH monitoring, but skipping channel measurement on the RB set(s) during a certain duration; and a step for, on the basis of at least one of the RB set(s) being indicated as available, performing second PDCCH monitoring and the channel measurement on the at least one available RB set.

Abstract: An apparatus for beam management includes a transceiver configured to receive configuration information for one or more transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states and corresponding channels, receive one or more TCI state identifiers (IDs) on a channel for conveying TCI state IDs from among the corresponding channels, and transmit an acknowledgement message in response to the reception of the one or more TCI state IDs. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to determine, based on the one or more TCI state IDs, TCI states for data and control channels, respectively, from among the corresponding channels, and update spatial filters for the data and control channels based on the determined TCI states for the data channels and the control channels, respectively. The transceiver is further configured to receive the data channels and the control channels based on the updated spatial filters for the data and the control channels, respectively.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may configure one or more transmission parameters based at least in part on an average channel condition estimate for a broadcast channel, wherein the broadcast channel is for broadcast communications or groupcast communications for multiple mobile UEs. The UE may transmit a broadcast communication or a groupcast communication using the one or more transmission parameters. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: In some implementations, a management system may receive service information from a plurality of service providers. A plurality of network devices, of the plurality of service providers, may be blockchain nodes of a blockchain. The service information, of a service provider, may identify network services provided by a network device of the service provider and identifies a location of the network device. The management system may receive, via the blockchain, information regarding a service-level agreement associated with a subset of service providers, of the plurality of service providers, providing network services for an application. The management system may receive, via the blockchain, an approval of the service-level agreement from each service provider of the subset of service providers. The management system may perform an action based on the service-level agreement and based on the network services provided by the subset of service providers for the application.

Abstract: This application provides a method, which includes: receiving, by a terminal side device, physical layer signaling sent by a network side device in a first frequency band; and determining, by the terminal side device, a sequence number of a first time transmission unit in a second frequency band, where the first time transmission unit includes a time resource indicated by the physical layer signaling, the sequence number of the first time transmission unit is greater than or equal to a sequence number of a second time transmission unit in the second frequency band, an end time of the physical layer signaling is within a time range of the second time transmission unit, and a subcarrier spacing of the first frequency band is different from a subcarrier spacing of the second frequency band.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may activate or release one or more semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations for group-common downlink shared channels based on signaling from a base station. For example, the UE may receive downlink control information (DCI) from the base station that includes a feedback process field, where a value of the feedback process field indicates at least one of one or more SPS configurations is to be activated. In some examples, the base station may transmit the DCI in a group-common downlink control channel or in a UE-specific downlink control channel. Additionally, the base station may transmit a deactivation message to the UE to indicate for the UE to release one or more activated SPS configurations, where the deactivation message is transmitted in a group-common downlink control channel or a UE-specific downlink control channel.

Abstract: An allocation method for allocating individual downlink data signals to positions on a time axis when a base station transmits the individual downlink data signals to a plurality of terminal stations. The allocation method includes provisionally allocating individual downlink data signals of the individual downlink data signals for terminal stations having long propagation delay times to positions of relatively early timings and provisionally allocating individual downlink data signals of the individual downlink data signal for terminal stations having short propagation delay times to positions of relatively late timings, changing the positions such that, when it is estimated that a collision will occur when receiving response signals transmitted from the terminal stations, it is estimated that a collision will not occur, in the provisionally allocating, and fixing, as the positions of the individual downlink data signals on the time axis, the positions changed in the changing of the positions.

Abstract: A device of a New Radio (NR) User Equipment (UE), a method and a machine readable medium to implement the method. The device includes a Radio Frequency (RF) interface, and processing circuitry coupled to the RF interface, the processing circuitry to: decode a downlink (DL) communication from a NR evolved NodeB (gNodeB), the DL communication including DL Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) assignments for respective DL SPS transmissions from the gNodeB, the DL communication further including a SPS Configuration (SPS-Config) parameter, the SPS-Config parameter including information on a symbol-level periodicity of the DL SPS transmissions from the gNodeB; determining the symbol-level periodicity of the DL SPS transmissions from the SPS-Config parameter; and decoding the DL SPS transmissions based on a determination of the symbol-level periodicity of the DL SPS assignments.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) for supporting multiple-universal subscriber identity module (multi-USIM) operations among a first base station associated with a first network and a second base station associated with a second network is disclosed. the UE includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon, and at least one processor coupled to the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. The processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to transmit, through transmitting circuitry of the UE, a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble to the second base station associated with the second network. The PRACH preamble indicates to the second base station that the UE is not to begin a connection establishment procedure with the second network.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for diminishing (a) interference at GAA CBSD(s), and/or (b) maximum transmit power(s) of each of one or more GAA CBSD(s) by eliminating contention(s) between one or more pairs of spectrum access systems.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). A method of a user equipment is provided. The method includes identifying a first bandwidth part for a cell and a second bandwidth part for the cell through radio resource control signaling; identifying a first control resource set on the first bandwidth part and a second control resource set on the second bandwidth part through the radio resource control signaling; and acquiring downlink control information for the second bandwidth part based on the first control resource set on the first bandwidth part being activated. A bandwidth part indicator, a frequency domain resource assignment, and a time domain resource assignment are included in the downlink control information.

Abstract: A method for PUSCH repetition or PRACH aggregation. In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting, by a User Equipment (UE), in a first slot, a first Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission including a set of coded bits selected from a circular buffer of the UE based on a first redundancy version (RV); determining, by the UE, that a second slot is available for an earliest repetition of the first PUSCH transmission, the second slot being later than the slot immediately following the first slot; determining, by the UE, based on the second slot, a second redundancy version; and transmitting, by the UE, in the second slot, a second PUSCH transmission including a set of coded bits selected from the circular buffer of the UE based on the second redundancy version, the second PUSCH transmission being a repetition of the first PUSCH transmission.

Abstract: A method includes configuring serving cells for UE, the serving cells including at least six serving cells configurable for the UE; receiving PUCCH format configuration information for transmitting uplink control information associated with the configured serving cells, the PUCCH format configuration information including configuration information of PUCCH format 4; determining a total number of HARQ-ACK bits, SR bits, and periodic CSI bits to be transmitted in a subframe; selecting, at least based on the determined total number, a PUCCH format to transmit at least one of HARQ-ACK, SR, and periodic CSI, the selected PUCCH format being one of PUCCH formats including the PUCCH format 4 and PUCCH format 3; and transmitting the uplink control information associated with the configured serving cells in the subframe using the selected PUCCH format, the uplink control information associated with the configured serving cells including the at least one of HARQ-ACK, SR, and periodic CSI.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure relate to a resource allocation method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method comprises: receiving first configuration information transmitted by a network device, wherein the first configuration information comprises multiple resource collections, the multiple resource collections are in one-to-one correspondence with multiple RNTIs, each of the multiple resource collections is used for indicating an available resource of a target channel, and the available resources indicated by the multiple resource collections are different; receiving target downlink control information (DCI) transmitted by the network device; and if the target DCI is scrambled according to a first RNTI among the multiple RNTIs, determining a resource used by the target channel in a first resource collection corresponding to the first RNTI.

Abstract: A wireless communication device wirelessly downloads a user application, and in response, wirelessly receives signaling that indicates a wireless network slice for the user application. The wireless communication device wirelessly downloads another user application, and in response, wirelessly receives other signaling that indicates another wireless network slice for the other user application. The wireless communication device executes the user application, and in response, wirelessly transfers a request for the wireless network slice and wirelessly exchanges application data for the user application over the wireless network slice for the user application. The wireless communication device executes the other user application, and in response, wirelessly transfers another request for the other wireless network slice and wirelessly exchanges other application data for the other user application over the other wireless network slice for the other user application.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a method and apparatus for transmitting information, and a storage medium, a terminal and a base station. The method can include determining feedback resource configuration information currently configured for a terminal, where the feedback resource configuration information includes multiple target feedback resource units. The method can further include transmitting the feedback resource configuration information to the terminal, such that the terminal, when carrying out downlink transmission with the base station, transmits first response information corresponding to a first downlink resource range occupied during the downlink transmission to the base station on the multiple target feedback resource units.

Abstract: Disclosed in an embodiment of the present application are a relay routing method and a communication node, the routing method comprising: a current relay node receiving a data packet, a message header of the data packet comprising an address of a destination node of the data packet; and the current relay node determining, according to the address of the destination node, whether to forward the data packet. The routing method and communication node of the embodiment of the present application are beneficial in improving the performance of a relay network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for validating subscriber entities against spoofing attacks in a communications network are disclosed. One method includes receiving, by a proxy element, a subscriber authentication request message that is sent from an access and mobility management function (AMF) and is directed to a unified data management (UDM) function in a home network, creating, by the proxy element, a record entry including a subscriber identifier and a public land mobile network (PLMN) identifier contained in the subscriber authentication request message, wherein the record entry is stored in an authentication registry database prior to forwarding the subscriber authentication request message to the UDM function.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for a wireless device to perform methods for determining resources for scheduling side-link communications. The resources may be semi-persistent and/or dynamic resources. A user equipment device (UE) may determine a resource map for use in scheduling semi-persistent resources for side-link communications with at least one wireless node. The UE may transmit a resource map request message indicating preferred resource blocks, where each resource block may be defined by a time and a frequency. The UE may receive a confirmation message that may include a report regarding a set of resource blocks. The set of resource blocks may be from the preferred resource blocks included in the resource map request message. The UE may determine, based, at least in part, on the confirmation message, resource blocks to be used for the side-link communications and initiate the side-link communications using the determined resource blocks.

Abstract: A communication device 1 determines, between a first physical channel and a second physical channel of the communication device 1, an accommodation state of a session in a wireless resource of the first physical channel. The communication device 1 issues an instruction of changing a part of the wireless resource of the first physical channel to a wireless resource of the second physical channel, based on the above-mentioned accommodation state.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link establishment method and a related device. A multi-link association response frame carries radio bitmap information, to indicate an AP allowed to be associated with a radio of a STA MLD or a link allowed to be established by using a radio of a STA MLD, so that the radio subsequently switches between different APs or links. The multi-link association response frame carries link establishment status information, to indicate a link establishment status of each link that the STA MLD requests to establish, so that multi-link establishment is more flexible. The multi-link association response frame carries reassociation information, to indicate whether each parameter in association configuration information is reserved, so that a problem that signaling overheads are relatively large due to a reassociation operation is avoided. It can be learned that, in the multi-link establishment method, the foregoing information is carried to improve multi-link establishment flexibility.

Abstract: Wireless communications systems and methods related to uplink control channel transmissions with user multiplexing and reference signal transmissions are provided. A first wireless communication device obtains an uplink control channel multiplex configuration. The first wireless communication device communicates, with a second wireless communication device, a grant indicating a plurality of resource blocks spaced apart from each other by at least one other resource block in a shared radio frequency band, the plurality of resource blocks scheduled for multiple wireless communication devices based on the uplink control channel multiplex configuration. The first wireless communication device communicates, with the second wireless communication device, a first uplink control channel signal in one or more of the plurality of resource blocks based on the uplink control channel multiplex configuration.

Abstract: A method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided for wireless communication at a network node having a split bearer configuration with a user equipment (UE). The network node measures, at a primary node (MN) or a secondary node (SN), a data burst statistic for the network node, the data burst statistic being based on at least one of a burst level throughput or a packet loss measurement for a data burst between the UE and the MN based on a first bearer in the split bearer configuration or between the UE and the SN based on a second bearer in the split bearer configuration. The network node provides the data burst statistic from the network node to at least one of the MN or a core network component.

Abstract: Provided are an indication information sending method, apparatus and system, a storage medium, and an electronic device, where the indication information sending method includes: sending, by a first access and mobility management function (AMF), first indication information to a first target network element, where the first indication information is used for indicating whether a packet data unit (PDU) session is capable of interworking with a target network system.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer readable mediums for determining, such as by a user equipment (UE), a bundle size for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) bundling for an uplink random access channel (RACH) message sent with repetition and transmitting the uplink RACH message with DMRS bundling according to the determined bundle size. For example, in some aspects of the present disclosure, the uplink RACH message is sent with a number of repetitions and the bundle size is determined as a function of the number of repetitions. In some aspects, the bundle size is determined based on operation band. In some aspects, the bundle size is determined, based on a duplexing mode in which the UE is operating. In some aspects, the bundle size is determined, at least in part, based on signaling from the base station.

Abstract: An uplink signal transmission method, a terminal device, and a network device are provided. The method comprises: a terminal device determining a first time frequency resource which is used to transmit uplink data acquired by a first transmission block performing rate matching, and a second time frequency resource which is used to transmit UCI, the UCI being used to demodulate the uplink data, the first time frequency resource occupying N sub-bands in a frequency domain, the second time frequency resource being a resource in the first time frequency resource, and the second time frequency resource occupying M sub-bands of the N sub-bands in the frequency domain, where N?2, M?1, and N and M are positive integers; and the terminal device performing channel detection on at least one of the N sub-bands, and determining the transmission of the uplink data and the UCI according to a detection result.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system and, more particularly, to a method and an apparatus therefor, the method comprising the steps of: monitoring first PDCCH candidates for a second cell in a first SS of a first cell; on the basis of the second cell being PCell, monitoring second PDCCH candidates for the second cell even in a second SS of the second cell; and on the basis of a PDCCH detected from among the first and second PDCCH candidates, performing transmission or reception of data corresponding to the PDCCH.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, a UE receives configuration information regarding a measurement gap (MG); transmits a MG skip indication associated with the MG; and transmits uplink signals during the MG.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide sidelink resource multiplexing and indication methods and apparatuses thereof. The method includes: receiving by a second device length information indicating a length of a first part in a slot transmitted by a terminal equipment or a network device; and performing transmission and/or reception of sidelink information by the second device with a first device according to the length information. Hence, the second device is able to process the first part according to the length information, thereby improving performance of sidelink transmission.

Abstract: A radio communication method and a device are provided. The method includes: in a case in which a first target control resource set (CORESET) is configured for a first cell in a target frequency band, determining first target quasi co-location (QCL) information of the first target CORESET configured for the first cell; and determining, based on the first target QCL information, QCL information of a downlink channel or downlink reference signal in at least one cell or spatial relation information of an uplink channel or uplink reference signal in the at least one cell.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using clear channel assessment (CCA) on a channel prior to transmitting the channel are disclosed. A wireless transmission system may perform omnidirectional CCA using a CCA power threshold that is calculated based on a number of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) transmitted by the wireless transmission system per SSB burst or per synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block measurement timing configuration (SMTC) window, or on a number of transmit (Tx) antennas used. A wireless transmission system may perform directional CCA on one or more Rx beams that correspond to one or more intended Tx beams using CCA power thresholds calculated based on an equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the one or more intended Tx beams to determine directional availability of the channel. A wireless transmission system may determine a CCA power threshold based on a scaling between an actual CCA bandwidth and a nominal CCA bandwidth.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for performing cell selection or reselection in networks that include earth moving beams. In one example, a method includes receiving, via a satellite, control information transmitted by a base station indicating that a beam associated with a cell ID has been redirected; in response, measuring a beam strength of the redirected beam; and performing cell re-selection based on the measured beam strength.

Abstract: An O-DU is configured to facilitate, in a 5G wireless communication system having a DOCSIS xhaul (fronthaul, midhaul, or backhaul) transport system, pipelined 5G and DOCSIS latency. The O-DU is configured to receive a slice-, device-, and service-aware buffer status report (SDSABSR) indicating a UE is requesting an uplink grant for data transmission in the 5G wireless communication system; generate, based on the SDSABSR, a slice-, device-, and service-aware bandwidth reporting (SDSABR) trigger for a CMTS; and provide to the CMTS the SDSABR trigger to cause the CMTS to make QoS and resource granting decisions relative other requests from other devices in response to the SDSABR trigger and before receiving the data transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for physical layer security by pseudo-random layer mapping.

Abstract: A camera assembly includes: a camera having a field of view (FOV); an energy storage device; an energy collector, configured to charge the energy storage device; a wireless communications interface; a controller configured to: (i) detect a capture initiation condition; (ii) in response to detecting the capture initiation condition, control the camera to capture an image; and (iii) control the wireless communications interface to transmit the image; and a housing supporting the camera, the energy storage device, the energy collector, the wireless communications interface, and the controller; the housing configured for coupling to a first support structure to direct the FOV of the camera towards a second support structure supporting a plurality of items.

Abstract: A wireless device generating a High-Efficiency (HE) PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for transmission sets a Packet Extension Disambiguity bit of an HE Signal-A (HE-SIG-A) field of the HE PPDU based on respective durations of a packet extension of the HE PPDU and a signal extension of the HE PPDU. The wireless device may determine whether a relationship T P ? E + ( 4 × ? TXTIME - T S ? E - 2 ? 0 4 ? - ( TXTIME - T S ? E - 2 ? 0 ) ) ? T S ? Y ? M is satisfied, where TPE is the duration of the packet extension, TXTIME is a transmission time of the HE PPDU, TSE is the duration of the signal extension, and TSYM is a duration of symbols in a data field of the HE PPDU. The wireless device may set the Packet Extension Disambiguity bit to one when the relationship is satisfied; and to zero when the relationship is not satisfied.

Abstract: A host clock value may be provided to a client device. An Access Point (AP) may obtain a Timing Synchronization Function (TSF)-based time stamp. Next, the TSF-based time stamp may be placed in an Information Element (IE) that was intended to contain follow up information. The IE may then be transmitted.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus including at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to obtain an uplink transmission configuration including information on at least one secondary cell candidate frequency, transmit a signal in the uplink in accordance with the uplink transmission configuration on the at least one secondary cell candidate frequency, during a connection establishment procedure which transitions the apparatus from an idle mode to a connected mode, and receive a resource aggregation configuration from a network.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for sending feedback information and a method and an apparatus for receiving feedback information, to reduce resource waste in a data retransmission process.

Abstract: An apparatus may be configured to communicate at least one pilot signal with another apparatus according to a first configuration, at least one of a lower frequency density or a higher time density being indicated by the first configuration than a second configuration for a type of pilot signal that includes the at least one pilot signal. The apparatus may be further configured to communicate with the other apparatus based on the at least one pilot signal. Another apparatus may be configured to receive, from a base station, spatial relationship information or transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state information corresponding to a directional beam at the UE for communication on a channel. The apparatus may be further configured to apply the directional beam for communication with the base station on another channel in a sub-6 gigahertz (GHz) frequency band.

Abstract: A method of signalling in a Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, includes transmitting a signal having a physical layer data unit via a wireless channel of the WLAN using plural subcarriers spaced across plural symbols, the physical layer data unit having a data packet and a preamble, wherein the preamble has a synchronisation part having a channel estimation part. The channel estimation part has N training symbols, where N is an integer greater than 1, the N training symbols have synchronisation information for synchronising a second wireless device with the first wireless device, the synchronisation information having an offset value, and synchronisation information transmitted in second and subsequent training symbols is transmitted using offset subcarriers, the offset subcarriers being frequency offset with respect to reference subcarriers used to transmit synchronisation information in a first training symbol, the frequency offset being equal to the offset value.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for handover of a user equipment (UE) from a serving base station to a target base station. A target base station may use one or more directional beams to establish wireless communication links with UEs within a coverage area of the target base station. Directional beams may create a narrow-beam, high-bandwidth connection with a UE in a limited geographic area. Handover procedures include some latency between when a target base station dedicates resources to a UE and when the UE executes a communication via those dedicated resources. To compensate for latencies in a handover procedure and for the geographic limitations of directional beams, a target base station may assign multiple directional beams to the UE during a handover procedure. Each directional beam may be associated with access parameters used by the UE to generate messages (e.g., a RACH message) during the handover procedure.