Abstract: A transcoding apparatus and associated methodology of transcoding a first video stream into a second video stream, is provided. A separator extracts a video transport stream packet including the first video stream, a non-video transport stream packet, and timing information from a first transport stream. The timing information indicates a time at which the non-video transport stream packet is formed and the first transport stream relative to the video transport stream packet. A memory is provided to store the timing information. A conversion unit generates the second video stream based on the first video stream. A multiplexer multiplexes a converted video transport stream packed including the second video stream and a converted non-video transport stream packet based on the stored timing information to generate a second transport stream, including the second video stream.

Abstract: The present invention prevents a receiving buffer from becoming empty by: storing received packets in the receiving buffer; detecting the largest arrival delay jitter of the packets and the buffer level of the receiving buffer by a state detecting part; obtaining an optimum buffer level for the largest delay jitter using a predetermined table by a control part; determining, based on the detected buffer level and the optimum buffer level, the level of urgency about the need to adjust the buffer level; expanding or reducing the waveform of a decoded audio data stream of the current frame decoded from a packet read out of the receiving buffer by a consumption adjusting part to adjust the consumption of reproduction frames on the basis of the urgency level, the detected buffer level, and the optimum buffer level.

Abstract: Video object units are generated from a program stream. The generated video object units have navigation portions respectively, and compose video objects. The navigation portions are void of ending time information and search information. The video object units are sequentially recorded on the recording disc without being buffered. Ending time information and search information are detected from the program stream. A decision is made as to whether or not the recording of video object units composing one video object has been completed. Navigation information is generated which includes the ending time information and the search information, and which corresponds to the last recorded video object. The generated navigation information is recorded on zones in the recording disc which correspond to the navigation portions of the video object units composing the last recorded video object each time the recording of video object units composing one video object has been completed.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one parameter for a particular AAL2 channel identifier (AAL2-CID), according to which the behavior of the transmission of the user information stream is determined per application. Preferably, the present invention enables the QOS (quality of service) for the user application to be determined by setting a plurality of such parameters for a specific AAL2 CID. The present invention preferably encompasses the ability to determine any parameter that is usually set for the ATM channel to instead be set for the CID separately. These parameters may be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time state of the system, channel and the specific CID. Additionally the selection and usage of said parameters may also be influenced by the real time state of the system, channel and the specific CID. Examples of such parameters include, but are not limited to, traffic type, priority, any type of QOS parameter, timing parameters, and so forth.

Abstract: A data communication method for a wireless communication terminal (101) that receives data transmitted intermittently from a transmitting side and plays the data in real time, includes: a step (502, 606 and 607) for requesting to a server (203) and acquiring therefrom, the data characteristics (401-405) of the data transmitted intermittently; a step for determining, based on the data characteristics (401-405), the data transmission rate at which data will not cause either overflow or underflow during real-time playback of the data, and the amount of buffering of data to be stored in advance in a buffer memory from the start of data transmission from the transmitting side to the beginning of playback; a step (504, 611) for transmitting the data transmission rate and the amount of buffering to a base station (121, 202).

Abstract: In packet-oriented data streams, structural information which is needed, for example, for searching or for forwarding or reversing is contained only in specific packets. According to the invention, while a data stream is being stored, an information file is produced which contains references to the starts of all those packets which contain this information. The information file contains data blocks, and each data block identifies the position of a data packet with structural information, as well as the distance to the next or previous such data packet, and additional information relating to the respective data packet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reproducing multi-angle data in a seamless manner, even during a change of angle, and an information storage medium on which the multi-angle data is recorded. AV data divided into clips, which are recording units, is recorded on the information storage medium. Additional information regarding jump points is recorded on a space of the information storage medium other than where the clips are recorded. The apparatus for reproducing the multi-angle data includes a reading unit which reads data from the information storage medium, and a reproducing unit which reproduces the data read by the reading unit by searching for and reproducing clips corresponding to the read data when the read data is multi-angle data, and, if there is an angle change command, reproducing clips for a new angle from a jump point of the clip for the new angle.

Abstract: A network system includes a first device and a second device separated by a network having asymmetric routes in which traffic forwarded in a first direction from the first device to the second device may travel a different route than traffic forwarded in a second direction from the second device to the first device. At least three intermediate processing devices are located between the first device and the second device, wherein at least two of the intermediate processing devices are located along different asymmetric routes. The intermediate processing devices intercept a communication flow between the first device and the second device, and encapsulate the communication flow within network tunnels so that communications associated with the communication flow in the first direction and the second direction are forwarded between a same set of at least two of the intermediate processing devices.

Abstract: A video signal output control method in an information processing apparatus which being to be locked to an external unit by a lock mechanism, the video signal output control method includes detecting the state of the lock mechanism, and stopping the output of the video signal to the external unit, when the lock mechanism is in the unlocked state.

Abstract: A digital broadcast transmitting/receiving system and a method for processing data are disclosed. The method for processing data may enhance the receiving performance of the receiving system by performing additional coding and multiplexing processes on the traffic information data and transmitting the processed data. Thus, robustness is provided to the traffic information data, thereby enabling the data to respond strongly against the channel environment which is always under constant and vast change.

Abstract: Various aspects of apparatuses and methods for enabling a subscriber premise network interface device (NID) to facilitate communication services including digitally derived voice services to be facilitated between a central office and a subscriber premise are disclosed herein. In accordance with one embodiment of the disclosures herein, such a method includes facilitating a downstream DSL voice channel transmission process at a subscriber premise Network Interface Device (NID) and facilitating an upstream DSL voice channel transmission process at the subscriber premise NID. The downstream DSL voice channel transmission process facilitates converting a voice component of a downstream DSL data stream to a corresponding downstream analog voice signal. The upstream DSL voice channel transmission process facilitates converting an upstream analog voice signal to an upstream voice component of an upstream DSL data stream.

Abstract: The streams from a plurality of VBR coders or generic data sources (31) are multiplexed to a single stream by a multiplexer (32), while inserting null packets to make their bit-rates uniform. A null-packet eliminator (60) removes the null packets from the stream, while signaling their positions, and inputs the stream to an ACM modulator (62) which codes the stream with the maximum ruggedness allowed by the rate of the incoming useful packets, and transmits the stream over a satellite channel. In the receiving station, the stream is demodulated by an ACM demodulator (64), and the null packets are re-inserted into the stream by a re-inserter (66), based on the received signaling. A bit-rate control circuit (72) receives from the transmitting station, over a return channel, a signaling of the quality of the received signal (QoS) and modifies the bit-rate of the VBR coders or generic data sources (31) accordingly.

Abstract: Various techniques for encapsulation are described. A variable length frame is encapsulated into at least one fixed length codeword. The at least one fixed length codeword comprises an integer number of bytes. A first byte of the at least one fixed length codeword is a synchronization byte.

Abstract: More customization and adaptation of coded data streams may be achieved by processing the information signal such that the various syntax structures obtained by pre-coding the information signal are placed into logical data packets, each of which being associated with a specific data packet type of a predetermined set of data packet types, and by defining a predetermined order of data packet types within one access unit of data packets. The consecutive access units in the data stream may, for example, correspond to different time portions of the information signal. By defining the predetermined order among the data packet types it is possible, at decoder's side, to detect the borders between successive access units even when removable data packets are removed from the data stream on the way from the data stream source to the decoder without incorporation of any hints into the remainder of the data stream.

Abstract: A digital broadcast protocol conversion system including: a PSIP/PSI extractor for demultiplexing a transport stream of an ATSC broadcast standard to extract PSIP/PSI data; an SI/PSI extractor for demultiplexing a transport stream of a DVB broadcast standard to extract SI/PSI data; a protocol converter for converting the PSIP/PSI data to SI?/PSI? data corresponding to a broadcast protocol of the DVB broadcast standard or converting the SI/PSI data to PSIP?/PSI? data corresponding to a broadcast protocol of the ATSC broadcast standard; and a multiplexer for multiplexing the SI?/PSI? data and the transport stream having the PSIP/PSI data extracted therefrom, or multiplexing the PSIP?/PSI? data and the transport stream having the PSIP/PSI data extracted therefrom, thereby converting the broadcast protocol between different broadcast standards.

Abstract: A method for processing a data stream including receiving a transport stream (TS), storing at least a portion of the TS, the at least a portion of the TS having a beginning and including a plurality of TS packets, determining, from among the plurality of TS packets, at least one TS packet including a candidate access point, storing in an index store a byte offset of the candidate access point; and storing in the index store a plurality of indications of byte offset, each byte offset being associated with an arrival time of a received TS packet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for modification of a connection between a transmitting subscriber and a receiving subscriber in a communications system, which is based on data compression, within a switching center, with a data frame which arrives in the switching center and is formatted on the basis of a framing protocol being replaced independently of the length of the data frame by a new data frame formatted on the basis of the framing protocol, such that additional information can be fed into the connection without any loss of quality or time.

Abstract: A communication apparatus connected to a PBX and an ATM network is provided with a DTMF signal detecting portion for detecting whether or not a DTMF signal is contained in a voice signal from the PBX, a DTMF signal monitoring portion, a DTMF cell generating portion for coding and sending out a DTMF signal, a DTMF cell decomposing portion for decoding a coded DTMF signal and a DTMF signal generating portion for generating a DTMF signal on the basis of the information content of a decoded DTMF signal and sending out this DTMF signal to the PBX, and the transmission side communication apparatus codes a DTMF signal in a specified form and transmits the DTMF signal and the reception side communication apparatus decodes the coded DTMF signal and, on the basis of this content information, restores the DTMF signal in a DTMF signal generating portion.

Abstract: A wireless communications system in which an access point (AP) transmits a downlink signal for reception by one or more subscriber unit(s) (SU) and the subscriber unit (SU) transmits an uplink signal for reception by the access point (AP). The downlink signal from the access point (AP) carries syncronisation bursts (2) at predetermined times and data contained in frames interleaved between the synchronisation bursts. Each synchronisation burst comprises an offset pointer (4) to the start of the subsequent downlink frame.

Abstract: A method of mitigating transmission delay fluctuations in a communication system having a variable data rate and block-oriented subsystems, such as interleavers. The method comprises interspersing dummy data with genuine data to form a combined data stream for the subsystems. When the data rate decreases, the rate at which dummy data is supplied increases to stabilize the delay. In one embodiment, the dummy data is discarded prior to transmission and may be reintroduced as needed on the receiving end. In another embodiment, the dummy data is transmitted and only discarded after processing at the receiving end. For this later embodiment in a multi-tone system, the dummy data can be sorted onto separate sub-carriers for transmission and the power levels for those carriers can be dropped to reduce overall power consumption and crosstalk. The concept can be used to extend seamless rate adaptation to systems with forward error correction.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling congestion in a communications network, the method including receiving congestion feedback data relating to said network, adjusting at least one of a window limit and a rate limit based on said congestion feedback data and injecting data packets onto said network according to said window limit and said rate limit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamic bandwidth management for voice traffic in a digital communications network is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for use in a digital communications network comprises checking a multiplexed connection's bandwidth capacity to carry a call over a link; and overflowing the call onto a non-multiplexed connection, when the multiplexing connection's bandwidth is insufficient to carry the call.

Abstract: A system and method for processing high definition video data to be transmitted over a wireless medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes i) at least one convolutional encoder configured to input a plurality of video data streams and output a plurality of encoded data streams, each of the plurality of encoded data streams comprises a plurality of data bits, ii) at least one multiplexer configured to multiplex the plurality of encoded data streams into a multiplexed data stream based on a multiplexing order, wherein the multiplexing order represents the number of data bits multiplexed together at one time and iii) a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) mapper configured to perform QAM mapping for the multiplexed data stream. At least one embodiment provides a simple, yet effective, solution using an s-group multiplexing instead of bit-by-bit multiplexing.

Abstract: An ATM switching equipment is provided comprising a switching network (ASN) and at least one server switching unit (SSC). The server switching unit (SSC) contains an AAL2 switcher (ASW) that is configured for simultaneous processing of a maximum plurality (m) of incoming connections. An AAL2 routing list (RL1 . . . RLm) is provided for each of these connections, and a microprocessor (MPR) is configured to limit the allowable value range for VPI/VCI values in the header of the ATM cells according to the plurality of AAL2 routing lists, so that only the corresponding VPI/VCI coding bits are taken into consideration at an interface to the switching network.

Abstract: Traffic from a number of different service type users is multiplexed into minicells for transmission over an ATM link. Service type information is transmitted in a service specific field and is stored. This stored information is used to derive length information to delineate the different length user minicells. The technique occupies less bandwidth than the conventional methods for transmitting cell length information.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to set the speed of a network. The method supplies a network interconnected with a system controller and a plurality of switch domains, where each of those plurality of switch domains comprises one or more information storage devices and a switch domain controller, and sets by each of the plurality of switch domains a signaling rate for that switch domain. The method queries in-band by the system controller each of the plurality of switch domains for that switch domain's signaling rate, and provides in-band by each of the plurality of switch domains the signaling rate for that switch domain. The method provides in-band by the system controller to each of the plurality of switch domains a first speed selection command specifying a first network speed, and resets by each of the plurality of switch domains the signaling rate for that switch domain to the first network speed.

Abstract: In some embodiments of the present invention, applications presenting user information streams at a service access point (SAP) to AAL-2 above the Common Part Sublayer (CPS) may provide values for predefined parameters that may determine how frames of information in the user information streams are segmented in run-time into CPS packets and packed into CPS protocol data units (CPS-PDU), each of which forms the payload of an ATM cell. These parameter values may be defined per channel identifier (CID) or for a group of CIDs.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method and a computer readable storage medium storing data processing programs realizing the data processing method, capable of preventing transmission of unnecessary redundant data and efficiently utilizing a transmission path. In the data processing method, data is input, the data is compression-encoded, the encoded data is packetized into a first data train on a basis of a first data length, the generated first data train is packetized into a second data train on a basis of a second data length, and the first data length is controlled in accordance with the second data length.

Abstract: A method for determining spatial and temporal loss in a packet based video broadcast system in an encrypted environment involves measuring video coding layer information at an unencrypted head end of a video stream and network layer information at an encrypted downstream end of the same video stream. Video coding layer information is correlated with network layer information having a corresponding time stamp to compute the spatial and temporal loss. The video coding layer and network layer information is taken from discrete segments of the video stream including access units, slices or macroblocks. Impairments in the video stream are determined using the computed spatial and temporal loss.

Abstract: A data transmission device and a data transmission method are adapted to add an RTP time stamp accurately synchronized with the PCR when sequentially transmitting data stored in a recording medium in advance with the MPEG2-TS format or data sequentially formatted to the MPEG2-TS format by means of hardware according to the RTP.

Abstract: Some embodiments adaptively adjust to the current call load in a packet based virtual circuit to minimize the delay experienced by the first packets of any talk spurt for a particular active call. Some embodiments minimize the jitter introduced by multiplexing voice packets by smoothing out the waiting time experienced by each of the voice packets. Some embodiments effectively minimize jitter when the number of active calls on a virtual circuit drops off suddenly. Some embodiments are able to differentiate signaling packets indicating a telephony event from voice packets and give the signaling packets expedited processing with no delay contributed by the subcell multiplexing process. Other embodiments are described in the claims.

Abstract: A data transmission device and a data transmission method are adapted to add an RTP time stamp accurately synchronized with the PCR when sequentially transmitting data stored in a recording medium in advance with the MPEG2-TS format or data sequentially formatted to the MPEG2-TS format by means of hardware according to the RTP.

Abstract: Processing transport format information to prevent MAC header redundancy, by providing a transmitting side that attaches one header to received data blocks, transmits the data blocks with the header attached thereto during one transmission interval on a data channel, and further transmits information about the size of each data block and the total size of the data blocks during a time interval corresponding to the transmission interval on a control channel, and by providing a receiving side that performs procedures corresponding to those of the transmitting side.

Abstract: A receiver contains a demodulator system that can deliver a stream of digital data comprising at least a first and a second set of audio data. In a first time interval, a memory is used to store either the first or the second set of audio data. In a subsequent time interval, the demodulator system delivers another stream of digital data. A user can select either the stored audio data or the another stream of digital data. The selected data is converted to analog audio signals.

Abstract: A data transmission device and a data transmission method are adapted to add an RTP time stamp accurately synchronized with the PCR when sequentially transmitting data stored in a recording medium in advance with the MPEG2-TS format or data sequentially formatted to the MPEG2-TS format by means of hardware according to the RTP.

Abstract: A scheme for using a virtual UNI (user network interface) to allow standards-based signaling protocols (e.g., Q.2931) to be used to manage the addition and deletion of AAL2 channel identifiers (CIDS) associated with sub-multiplexed AAL2 common part sub-layer cells is described herein. An ATM node is configured to dynamically establish ATM adaptation layer 2 (AAL2) channel identifiers (CIDS) on a call-by-call basis using standards-based call control signaling protocols mapping CIDs to a virtual path/virtual channel (VP/VC) within an ATM standard call control protocol.

Abstract: A system and method for retransmitting an Internet protocol packet for terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) service are provided, in which a PES packetizer and an MPEG-2 TS multiplexer are removed; video, audio, and data signals are individually carried by RTP packets; and a receiver extracts object clock reference (OCR) included in a PEG-4 SL, and synchronizes a system clock and controls buffers by means of the OCR.

Abstract: The CRC for the CPS Header of an ATM AAL2 cell is generated by a CRC generator which uses the 8 bits of the CID field to generate partial 5 bits CRCs which are loaded in a first table. The 6 bits LI field and 5 bits UUI field are added to the partial 5 bits CRC to form 16 bits. The CRC generator uses the 216 bits to generate a second CRC table. The CRC for a particular CPS header is generated by correlating bits in the CID field, Li field and UUI field with the two tables.

Abstract: A packet relaying apparatus comprises a payload type discrimination unit for discriminating the type of payload in each received packet, a payload reconstruction unit for dividing the payload in predetermined block size units and for reconstructing the payload in the predetermined block size units, and a controller for overall controlling the apparatus.

Abstract: A transport stream receiver de-encapsulates content packets from received network frames and transmits a transport stream carrying the selected content packets.

Abstract: A traffic concentrator (40) aggregates traffic in a radio access network. The traffic concentrator comprises an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch (42) and a control node (44) associated with the ATM switch. The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch which performs a switching operation for switching unspecified bit rate (UBR) virtual channels (VCs) carrying user traffic between plural virtual paths (VPs). The user traffic is transported as ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) connections over the unspecified bit rate (UBR) virtual channels (VCs). The control node is arranged to process AAL2 signaling messages which concern the AAL2 connections included in the VCs for which the ATM switch performs the switching operation. The AAL2 signaling messages are carried in virtual channels which do not carry the user traffic and which are either originated or terminated at the control node. In one example implementation, the traffic concentrator aggregates traffic of plural base stations of the radio access network.

Abstract: A switching method and a switching apparatus in a telecommunication network for connecting physical endpoints via a through switch connection, wherein the through switch connection is composed of legs and a leg connector, and a leg is composed of services and subconnections between the services. A leg being terminated by termination points and comprising specific services is formed by leg control means, and the specific services and subconnections between the specific services which form the leg are provided by connection control means, the services being terminated by termination points. Further, connection admission control means accept connections being part of the through switch connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus, system and method for transmitting asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) data cells on an ATM adaptation layer (AAL) configured connection within an ATM system comprising a digital signal processor (DSP) sub-system (160) and a host processor (190). The transmitter interfaces directly with the DSP sub-system (160) (which converts the digitized voice samples into voice signals) and the host processor (190) (which performs AAL2 signaling and layer management functions). The transmitter is configured to interleave AAL2 voice packets from the DSP sub-system (160) and signaling and management packets from the host processor (190) on an ATM connection. Data is fetched by DMA(s) (415). A channel look-up table uses the DSP assigned voice channel as an index into the table to map a voice channel to the ATM connection.

Abstract: A host digital terminal HDT performs backbone functions to a subscriber access network, while the network side of the HDT is connected to many data transfer networks and the other side of the HDT is connected to many optical network units ONUs. The HDT performs mutual interactions to many units by the ATM cell switching or by the STM cross connections, while the units perform predetermined functions, such as ANIU, HNIU, HIU, and HTIU. Therefore, the HDT overcomes capacity limits according to mutual interactions among the units through the conventional common bus.

Abstract: A secure analog gateway is configured with a pipelined architecture for interfacing various types of analog devices with a digital communication network and enabling asynchronous bi-directional communication between the analog device and the digital communication network using, for example, standard transmission control protocol over internet protocol (TCP/IP) in a network mode of operation. The analog gateway is also capable of operation in a stand-alone mode of operation in which data from an analog device is stored locally for later retrieval by way of a network. The functionality of the analog gateway is segregated among multiple processing elements which each perform a specific part of the gateway's function.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for converting video packets into IP packets. Video packets including null packets associated with timing information are received at a network entity coupling a video network to an IP network. Video packets are selectively combined into IP packets to allow transmission of video data onto the IP network in an efficient and effective manner. Null packets used to maintain timing information in the video network are removed. Mechanisms are provided for maintaining timing information even without transmitting extraneous packets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bridging network protocols is disclosed. In one embodiment, a data frame is received and stored in a dual-port memory queue by hardware logic. An embedded processor is notified of the data frame once a programmable number of bytes of the data frame have been received and stored. Once notified, the embedded processor may then undertake to read the data frame from the memory queue while the hardware logic is still writing to the memory queue. In one embodiment, the processor may then translate the data frame's protocol and begin transmitting it out over a network connection, all while the data frame's payload is still being received.

Abstract: A linked list buffer circuit can be configured to store different linked lists. The buffer includes insert logic and an insert state machine to add ATM cells to the linked lists in the buffer. Extract logic and an extract state machine allow for the removal of ATM cells from the linked lists in the buffer. Because, ATM cells can have different levels of priority, programmable monitor circuitry is provided to monitor the linked lists in the buffer. The monitor circuitry keeps track of buffer and list capacity, and also keeps track of cell loss priority and delay priority cells of the buffer and the linked lists. This information is used to drop received cells if necessary. The linked list monitor circuitry can be configured based upon the linked list configuration of the buffer. The linked list monitor can be configured by changing threshold levels provided to counter/comparator circuitry. Assignments of internal counter circuitry are also programmable based upon the buffer configuration.

Abstract: A method of converting AAL2 cells that includes an original user data set into AAL5 cells and another method of converting AAL5 cells that includes an original user data set into AAL2 cells are disclosed. In the method of converting AAL2 cells, the length of the data subset included in each AAL5 cell generated is stored in a memory. Therefore, it is not necessary to store all the payloads of generated cells. When a last CPS packet is extracted, a total length of the original user data can be found using a set of lengths stored in the memory. As a result, the present invention requires only a small memory space, and any unnecessary delay problem is eliminated.

Abstract: A packet switch router that processes downstream digital information to provide dedicated bandwidth to each subscriber destination on a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network. The router includes a network module that terminates a network connection, a switch that forwards data from the network module, and a channel module. The channel module includes a switch interface, a cell processing engine, one or more modulators, and a radio frequency (RF) transmitter network. The switch interface forwards packetized data from the switch to the cell processing engine. The cell processing engine organizes the packetized data into multiple data streams, encapsulates data in each stream into data cells, and multiplexes the data cells into a multiplexed cell stream. Each modulator is configured to modulate a multiplexed cell stream into an analog signal. The RF transmitter network up converts and combines a plurality of analog signals into a combined electrical signal for transmission.