Abstract: As disclosed herein, a method, executed by a computer, for analyzing a performance metric includes distributing link connection information for a network to each node in the network, pairing each node with another node in the network to provide paired nodes, testing a performance metric for the paired nodes, and generating a performance report for the network. The method may further include receiving link connection information for the network. The method may further include constructing a connectivity graph based on the received link connection information. The method can be used to test link performance within non-homogeneous networks.

Abstract: Techniques for priority access to a priority access channel are described. In at least some embodiments, a portion of the radio spectrum is divided into general access (GA) channels and priority access (PA) channels. Levels of access to the different channels are controlled based upon priority levels of devices attempting to access the channels. For instance, embodiments employ a channel database that tracks available GA channels and PA channels, and notifies various devices of the available channels. The channel database may also track keys for PA channels that enable authentication of devices for priority access to PA channels. In at least some embodiments, tracking available GA channels and PA channels enables underutilized radio channels to be identified for various uses, such as for wireless broadband communication.

Abstract: An apparatus, configured to communicate with other apparatuses in a wireless network and operating in a frequency-division duplexing mode, can be caused to refrain from transmitting during a number of subframes of a frame of a downlink frequency band prior to a detection of a radar transmission, can be caused to send a first signal, related to monitoring for the radar transmission, to a second apparatus, and can be caused to change the number of the subframes of the frame of the downlink frequency band in response to an event that can be an increase or a decrease in a load of the apparatus or the detection of the radar transmission. Optionally, placement of the subframes within the frame of the downlink frequency band can correspond to placement of subframes that are designated for an uplink communication within a frame configured in accordance with the Long-Term Evolution Time-Division Duplex standard.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus includes an output unit, when outputting data on a bus, to determine whether to output the data on the bus based on a result of a communication arbitration performed with competing data to be output on the bus, using priority information attached to the data; a storage unit to have areas set, the areas having respective priorities set for the communication arbitration, and to store a group of data having the consecutive priority information attached, in the respective areas; and a distribution unit to write the data having a transmission request received, in one of the areas in the storage unit, based on the priority information attached to the data. The output unit prioritizes outputting the data on the bus, the data being stored in the one of the areas having a higher priority, among the data stored in the areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of transmitting and receiving a frame, which are performed by a station operating in a power save mode in a wireless LAN system. The method includes: transmitting a poll frame requesting the transmission of a buffered frame to an access point AP, wherein the poll frame includes a sustain time field that indicates a service section; and receiving at least one buffered frame from the AP within the sustain time in response to the poll frame. A method is provided for transmitting and receiving a frame executed by a station (STA) operating in a power sub mode in a wireless LAN system. The method includes transmitting a first poll frame requesting the transmission of a buffered frame to an access point AP, receiving an acknowledgement ACK frame in response to the first poll frame, and receiving at least one buffered frame from the AP.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and system for Ethernet media conversion supporting high-speed wireless access points. The method includes receiving at each of a plurality of input-side Ethernet modules in a media converter, a plurality of input data streams at a first data rate. In the media converter each of the plurality of input data streams may be aggregated into an output data stream at a second data rate. The output data stream may then be transmitted at the second data rate from an output-side Ethernet module in the media converter. Each of the input data streams may be received from an Ethernet switch, and the output data stream may be transmitted to a wireless access point. In one exemplary implementation, each of the input-side Ethernet modules may include a 1G PHY, while the output-side Ethernet module may include one or both of a 2.5G PHY and a 4G PHY.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for optimizing network event timers for a node. The node obtains data for transmission by the node via a network. The node uses time intervals of a clock as a basis for determining actions associated with the network. A transmission duration is calculated that corresponds to the time for transmitting the data via the network based on a data rate of the network and a size of the data. The node calculates a transmission delay based on the transmission duration. The transmission delay is less than a clock interval and controls when transmission of the data is completed by the node. After the expiration of the transmission delay, the node transmits the data via the network. The node initiates an event timer when the transmission is completed, where the event timer measures time based upon counting the time intervals elapsed since the event timer began.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for implementing a CSMA-CA half window scheme in 802.11 networks or other suitable wireless networks that could benefit from such scheme. The half window scheme improves a back-off time calculation by adding a probability prediction factor. The back-off time is part of a delay time in accessing a wireless transmission medium by a station (STA). The probability prediction factor is used to adjust a contention widow (CW) used to calculate the back-off time, based on the STA's medium access probability. The STA splits the CW into two at least half windows and then chooses one of the windows according to the window's information gain for the probability prediction. The selected window is used to select a random number for the back-off time. The improved back-off time calculation reduces contention between STAs in accessing the medium.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods relating to bonded interconnection of local communication networks are disclosed. Bonded communication links, including multiple constituent links that have been bonded together, are terminated to enable communications over the bonded links using bandwidth available on the constituent links. A cross-connect function determines whether received communication traffic is to be forwarded to one or more of a local communication network and the terminated bonded links. The received communication traffic is forwarded in accordance with the determination. The local communication networks may include ring networks, linear networks, or both. The bonded links and links between nodes in a local communication network are bonded DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) links in some embodiments. Bonding of DSL links in this manner can be used, for instance, to extend the reach of DSL service without sacrificing bandwidth.

Abstract: Examples are disclosed for techniques for allowing a wireless device to wake up a low power device while remaining compatible with other devices and wireless protocols. A first station determines that a low power device needs to wake up all or a portion of its circuitry in order to send and/or receive data from the first station. The first station sends a legacy preamble according to a standard wireless communication method such as according to IEEE 802.11 or Bluetooth addressed to the low power device. Legacy stations will recognize that a device is accessing the medium and will abstain from transmitting data during the transaction(s) between the first station and the low power device. The first station then sends a wake up payload according to a low power wireless communication method such as ASK or FSK to the low power device. The low power device recognizes the wake up payload and wakes up its main radio such as an IEEE 802.11 or Bluetooth radio.

Abstract: The invention relates to a periodic communication method between at least one first system (2) and at least one second system (3) by means of a full-duplex synchronous serial link (4), wherein, during a communication period, data are exchanged between the first system (2) and the second system (3), including: at least one message from the first system (2) to the second system (3), at least one message from the second system (3) to the first system (2) and a clock signal, the clock signal being routed by the link (4) over a time interval, the amplitude of which is less than the communication period, the message from the first system (2) to the second system (3) and the message from the second system (3) to the first system (2) both being routed by the link (4) over said time interval.

Abstract: A physical frame is constructed, the physical frame including a medium access control super-frame payload which in turn includes a plurality of medium access control frames. With respect to the constructed physical frame, virtual carrier sense information is set in the plurality of medium access control frame so that a result of carrier sense is identical to another by virtual carrier sense based on the plurality of medium access control frames in the medium access control super-frame payload. The physical frame in which the virtual carrier sense information has been set is transmitted to a destined communication apparatus.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) method and device to provide dual band (DB) operation of the WLAN device, the DB operation including communication in a first frequency band with a first device and communication in a second frequency band with a second device, the WLAN device including first network interface circuitry to support communication in the first frequency band with the first device, second network interface circuitry to support communication in the second frequency band with the second device, and a processor to generate at least one action frame that includes information regarding a duration of time during which the WLAN device will be unavailable for communication, and to enable transmission of the at least one action frame to the first device or to the second device.

Abstract: A communication apparatus functioning as a master device denies participation by new communication apparatuses in a network in communication parameter configuration mode based on participation statuses of communication apparatuses functioning as slave devices in the network. The communication apparatus functioning as a master device establishes the network in communication parameter configuration mode between the communication apparatuses participating in the network, and configures communication parameters.

Abstract: A wireless communication device for a wireless network employing a wireless time division communication structure, where the wireless communication device includes a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver and an access control unit, which is configured to order the wireless transmitter to transmit, in a contention interval, a priority setting of a wireless communication device competing for resources, where the priority setting is transmitted as a signal having a frequency representing the priority setting, order the wireless receiver to receive, in the contention interval, priority settings of other competing wireless communication devices as signals having frequencies representing these priority settings, compare the transmitted priority setting with the received priority settings and seize a following data interval if the transmitted priority setting is higher than the received priority settings.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include a method, apparatus, and computer program product for improving network monitoring. For example, in one embodiment, current inaccuracies due to the imperfect counter frame injection error between ingress counters and egress counters is eliminated, by monitoring, using an ingress counter, for a time period that is slightly greater than the time it takes for a packet/frame to pass from one end to the other, for “no packets/frames”. In one embodiment, once this no packet time occurs, a signaling event is triggered. A notification is sent from the start of the path counter to the end of the path counter to start counting. A “stop counting/restart counting” signal is then sent from the start of the path counter to the end of the path counter the next time that no packets/frames are observed for the same period.

Abstract: A system and method for implementing transmission parameter control at a transmitting station is described. The exemplary system and method comprises querying a transmission parameter control module for a transmission schedule. The transmission schedule comprises at least one schedule entry defining a set of transmission parameter controls as they pertain to a destination address. At least one packet of data is then transmitted to the destination address according to the transmission parameters controls of at least one schedule entry from the transmission schedule. A system and method for selecting an antenna configuration corresponding to a next transmission of packet data is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless communication device comprises a transceiver to communicate directly with one or more separate wireless devices in accordance with a WiFi communication protocol, and a controller. The controller is configured to initiate transmission of information using the transceiver upon expiration of a first contention window (CW) count value, detect whether the transmission is successful, change the CW count value to a second CW count value when the transmission is unsuccessful, and change the CW count value from the first CW count value to a third CW count value when the transmission is successful, wherein the third CW count value is a maximum value of one of the first CW count value divided by a specified binary number or a specified minimum CW count value.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a particular node in a wireless network may receive a wireless signal, and may determine whether the wireless signal is intended for itself. In response to determining that the wireless signal is intended for the particular node, the particular node may transmit a non-colliding wireless carrier sense detected alert (CSDA) signal during the received wireless signal to request that other nodes within communication distance of the particular node refrain from transmitting for a duration of the received wireless signal. In another embodiment, a node listens on a first frequency for a wireless CSDA signal regarding a second (colliding) frequency, and in response to receiving a CSDA signal, may refrain from transmitting a wireless signal on the second frequency for the particular duration, or else (if not receiving a CSDA signal), may allow transmission of a wireless signal on the second frequency, accordingly.

Abstract: Method and arrangement in a serving base station for determining a binary value of information data received from a user equipment, by using a supportive likelihood value received from a supporting base station. The user equipment transmits information data to be received both by the serving base station and the supporting base station base station. The method comprises: decoding information data bits received from the user equipment into a first likelihood value, without determining a binary value for each bit of the information data, a supportive likelihood value of the information data bits transmitted from the user equipment is received from the supporting base station, which supportive likelihood value is based on a decoding of the information data bits performed in the supporting base station. The first likelihood value of the decoded information bits is combined with the received supportive likelihood value of the decoded information bits.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multi-frame and frame streaming in a Controller Area Network (CAN) with Flexible Data-Rate (FD). In some embodiments, a method may include creating, by a device coupled to a CAN network configured to support a CAN Flexible Data-Rate (FD) protocol, a data frame comprising a field that indicates a multi-frame or streaming transmission, and transmitting the data frame in the multi-frame or streaming transmission. A CAN node may include message processing circuitry configured to receive a data frame comprising a Data Length Code (DLC) field configured to indicate multi-frame operation or streaming operation. The message processing circuitry may be further configured to receive another data frame in the absence of an arbitration process between the data frames.

Abstract: An Ethernet switch which is connected to a plurality of external devices using an encapsulating I/O protocol over Ethernet, and is connected to a I/O protocol switch using N_Port ID virtualization includes: a storage unit which stores destination information describing an external device whose connection is established in the FCoE in the plurality of external devices; and a processor. When the processor receives a packet addressed from a first external device to a second external device in the external devices, the processor checks whether or not the destination information describes the second external device. When the second external device is described in the destination information, the processor transmits the packet to the second external device.

Abstract: A keyboard-mouse-video (KVM) system. The system includes a KVM switch having a first controller; a ROC unit having a second controller; and a cable which connects the ROC unit to the KVM switch, the cable having four pairs of wires. The first controller is configured to transmit and the second controller is configured to receive an Ethernet signal using a first pair of wires. The second controller is configured to transmit and the first controller is configured to receive a serial signal using a second pair of wires.

Abstract: A physical frame is constructed, the physical frame including a medium access control super-frame payload which in turn includes a plurality of medium access control frames. With respect to the constructed physical frame, virtual carrier sense information is set in the plurality of medium access control frame so that a result of carrier sense is identical to another by virtual carrier sense based on the plurality of medium access control frames in the medium access control super-frame payload. The physical frame in which the virtual carrier sense information has been set is transmitted to a destined communication apparatus.

Abstract: A technique for communicating multimedia data between nodes over coaxial cable, wherein the nodes are connected via a coaxial cable network, is disclosed. In an embodiment, the technique involves establishing a primary channel for communicating between first and second nodes of the coaxial cable network, establishing a secondary channel for communicating between the first and second nodes of the coaxial cable network, wherein the primary and secondary channels are in different frequency bands and wherein the primary channel is used for communicating media access control frames, and communicating a time series of data frames between the first and second nodes using both the primary channel and the secondary channel.

Abstract: According to the present invention, back-off slots and collisions in a competition by means of a DCF can be significantly reduced, and a throughput higher than existing DCFs can be provided. Also, overhead due to additional control messages is eliminated by reverse order implied information operating in a distributed manner in terminals, and communication with existing terminals is enabled even in a wireless network using Aps or the DCF.

Abstract: According to the present invention, collision and a back-off slot in a competition by means of DCF can be significantly reduced, and a throughput higher than conventional DCFs can be provided. Also, overhead due to additional control messages is eliminated by reverse order implied information operating in a distributed manner in terminals, and communication with conventional terminals is enabled even in a wireless network using Aps or the DCF.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may obtain a TXOP for a 2 MHz bandwidth mode frame transmission with another device capable of operating in a 2 MHz bandwidth mode and a 1 MHz bandwidth mode. The WTRU may conduct a request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) frame exchange in the second bandwidth mode, and truncate the TXOP by transmitting a contention free (CF)-End frame in the first and second bandwidth modes. In another scenario, an AP may obtain a TXOP for a 2 MHz bandwidth mode frame transmission with a WTRU capable of both 2 MHz and 1 MHz bandwidth modes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a secure one-step IEEE 1588 clock using either a symmetric or asymmetric protection scheme. Clocks of mission-critical or highly-available devices in industrial automation systems connected to a communication network are synchronized by sending, by a master clock, a synchronization message, e.g., a single message of the one-step-clock type according to IEEE 1588, including a time stamp, and by receiving and evaluating, by a slave clock, the synchronization message. A synchronization component or module of the master clock prepares, or composes, prior to a projected send time, a synchronization message including a time stamp of the projected send time, and secures the synchronization message in advance of the projected send time. Securing the synchronization message occurs by suitable cryptographic means allowing for authentication of the time stamp at a receiving slave clock. At the projected send time, the secured synchronization message is transmitted.

Abstract: A radio access system receives packets from a local source of streaming media content via a local connection and from remote packet sources via a remote network. The radio access system communicates with a subscriber station via an air interface that includes an uplink and a downlink. A packet classifier in the radio access system maps packets having the subscriber station's IP address as destination address to the subscriber station's downlink. The subscriber station communicates with a content controller via the remote network to request selected streaming media content. The content controller instructs the radio access system to convey the selected streaming media content from the local source to the subscriber station. In response, the packet classifier maps the packets containing the selected streaming media content to a downlink (either the original downlink or a new one) for transmission to the subscriber station.

Abstract: A method of communicating using first and second radio frequency (RF) transceiver modules of a communication device involves reserving selected timeslots for a wireless communication link of a first RF transceiver module; communicating data via the second RF transceiver module during the selected reserved timeslots; and simultaneously communicating data via the first RF transceiver module during remaining unreserved timeslots of the wireless communication link.

Abstract: There is proposed a mechanism by means of which resources for a data transmission between a user equipment and a base transceiver station are set. For this purpose, a resource dedicated to the user equipment (like an SR resource) is combined with at least one contention based resource allocated to a contention based transmission by the user equipment (like a CB-PUSCH resource). The at least one contention based resource to be combined is selected by executing a mapping according to a predetermined rule and based on an information indicating a specific resource element dedicated to the user equipment to at least one set of available contention based resources, and by determining an information identifying at least one resource element of the at least one contention based resource.

Abstract: A communication apparatus functioning as a master device denies participation by new communication apparatuses in a network in communication parameter configuration mode based on participation statuses of communication apparatuses functioning as slave devices in the network. The communication apparatus functioning as a master device establishes the network in communication parameter configuration mode between the communication apparatuses participating in the network, and configures communication parameters.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling co-existence among power line communications (PLC) technologies are described. In some embodiments, a method performed by a PLC device, such as a PLC gateway, may include detecting a communication from foreign PLC device on a PLC network in response to a foreign preamble received by the PLC device, terminating transmissions to the PLC network for a network-specific co-existence Extended Interframe Space (cEIFS) time period in response to the foreign preamble, and resuming transmissions to the PLC network after expiration of the network-specific time period.

Abstract: System and method for Multi-User (MU) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission, the method including assigning to an originator station in a MU-MIMO wireless communication network, said originator station separate from a primary beamformer of the MU-MIMO communication network, permission for MU group management, and performing MU-MIMO transmission by the originator station to a plurality of stations in the MU-MIMO communication network.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and system for collecting statistics of UE information in MBMS. A UE sends a dedicated RRC signaling carrying feedback information to a network side when a trigger condition is satisfied; the network side collecting statistics of UE information according to the feedback information and sends, when the collected statistics satisfy a requirement, a feedback stop indicator to the UE; and the UE stops sending the feedback information after receiving the feedback stop indicator. With the solutions, statistics of the UE information can be collected by the network side, and the requirements for activating or deactivating the MBSFN transmission mode of the MBMS service by the network side can be met; the network side instructs the UE to stop feeding back with full consideration of load of uplink resources, so that load of uplink resources can be reduced, and uplink resources can be saved.

Abstract: Techniques for resource access throttling are described. In implementations, access to a network resource can be controlled based on a variety of factors, such as a type of user requesting access to the network resource. For example, consider a scenario where an online content store is preparing to launch. To prevent resources associated with the online content store from being overwhelmed by the number of requests for access when the store is launched, techniques can be implemented to throttle the number of requests that are granted. For instance, requests for access can be throttled based on different user types.

Abstract: A system and method of managing traffic flow in a communication network is provided. Messages transmitted in the communication network can be monitored. A traffic flow profile for each message can be determined based on a lifetime classification type and a congestion control mechanism mode for each traffic flow profile can be determined. Traffic flow transmission can be modified in the communication network using a data flow mechanism where a data flow mechanism variable is modified based on the traffic flow profile and the congestion control mechanism mode.

Abstract: Automated deployment of a software application to be installed via a software installation package onto different user devices for different users. An initial software installation package, is obtained, along with information representing (a) associations between the users and the user devices, (b) user attributes from which access privilege level information for individual users is determinable, and (c) device attributes for each of the plurality of user devices, including network connectivity information. The initial software installation package is custom-configured for individual user devices based on the information representing (a) and (b) to produce a different specially-configured software installation packages. Each one includes installation parameters that establish functionality for the software application based on the access privilege level of the corresponding user. Data transfer channels are custom-configured for individual user devices based on the information representing (a) and (c).

Abstract: An approach for transmission of data packets, based on virtual frame timing, over a communications channel is provided. A remote terminal receives a first stream of data packets at periodic time intervals. The terminal receives an allocation of time slots within a sequence of TDMA transmission frames, for transmission of the data packets over the channel. The timing structure of the allocated time slots is based on a virtual frame size relative to the interval timing of the first data packet stream, and independent of the frame size/timing of the TDMA transmission frames. The remote terminal may receive a second stream of data packets at periodic time intervals that differ from the time intervals of the first stream. In a multi-stream scenario, the virtual frame size for the time slot allocation is based on the greatest common denominator of the interval timings of the first and second data streams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a UE and a BS to perform contention-based scheduling of downlink signal transmissions are disclosed. The method includes receiving, from at least one of BSs adjacent to the UE, a channel carrying inter-BS contention information for downlink signal transmission in an (n+1)th time unit, n being an integer, broadcasting to the BSs a contention number with a highest priority level among contention numbers extracted from the inter-BS contention information, and receiving a downlink signal from a BS that transmitted inter-BS contention information related to the contention number with the highest priority level in the (n+1)th time unit.

Abstract: A patient monitor system synchronizes patient data acquired by a plurality of sensor modules. Patient data from the sensor modules are synchronized by transmitting, from a patient monitor host, a start message that each newly connected sensor module uses to determine when to begin transmitting patient data to the patient monitor host. At a predetermined count interval, the patient monitor host also broadcasts an incrementing sequence count value to each of the connected sensor modules. The sensor modules use the sequence count values and the start message to determine when the patient monitor host expects each sensor module to transmit data packets. Each data packet sent by the sensor modules includes a sequence count value that the patient monitor host uses to align the various waveforms for display.

Abstract: A system and method for implementing transmission parameter control at a transmitting station is described. The exemplary system and method comprises querying a transmission parameter control module for a transmission schedule. The transmission schedule comprises at least one schedule entry defining a set of transmission parameter controls as they pertain to a destination address. At least one packet of data is then transmitted to the destination address according to the transmission parameters controls of at least one schedule entry from the transmission schedule. A system and method for selecting an antenna configuration corresponding to a next transmission of packet data is also disclosed.

Abstract: A physical frame is constructed, the physical frame including a medium access control super-frame payload which in turn includes a plurality of medium access control frames. With respect to the constructed physical frame, virtual carrier sense information is set in the plurality of medium access control frame so that a result of carrier sense is identical to another by virtual carrier sense based on the plurality of medium access control frames in the medium access control super-frame payload. The physical frame in which the virtual carrier sense information has been set is transmitted to a destined communication apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides an access point device, a communication unit and a method for access to a communication media in a communication network. The access point comprises a communication interface for exchanging data with a plurality of communication units in the communication network via the communication media; and a processor for receiving a media access request message in a contention mode from at least one communication unit of the plurality of communication units via the communication interface; and polling the at least one communication unit by assigning a media access duration to each of the at least one communication unit according to a corresponding duration information for media access in the received media access request message.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein for MAC processing for efficient use of high throughput systems and that may be backward compatible with various types of legacy systems. In one aspect, a data transmission structure comprises a consolidated poll and one or more frames transmitted in accordance with the consolidated poll. In another aspect, a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) data transmission structure comprises a pilot, a consolidated poll, and zero or more access point to remote station frames in accordance with the consolidated poll. In one aspect, frames are transmitted sequentially with no or substantially reduced interframe spacing. In another aspect, a guard interframe spacing may be introduced between frames transmitted from different sources, or with substantially different power levels. In another aspect, a single preamble is transmitted in association with one or more frames. In another aspect, a block acknowledgement is transmitted subsequent to the transmission of one or more sequential frames.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for coexistence between 20 MHz and 40 MHz OBSSes in WLANs. Aspects of a system may include a receiving device, such as a WLAN station (STA), which enables reception of an information frame, such as a management frame, via a wireless communication medium. The receiving device may be associated with a wireless network device group, such as a basic service set (BSS). The information frame received by the receiving device may transmitted by a transmitting device, such as a transmitting access point (AP), which is associated with a foreign wireless network device group, for example a foreign BSS. The receiving device may be reconfigured to restrict RF channel bandwidth utilized for transmitting and/or receiving signals via the wireless communication medium based on the received information frame.

Abstract: A method is provided of deactivating PDP Context upon transfer of a connection with a user terminal between a femtocell base station and a macrocell base station, the method comprising: the femto base station receiving a message including a first identifier of a PDP Context, altering the identifier of a PDP Context to a second identifier, and forwarding the altered message to the core network, the core network receiving a message including an identifier determines that the received identifier does not match the identifier that it expects and so deactivates the PDP Context.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may perform an inter radio access technology (IRAT) measurement in time slots not deemed to be carrying critical data. In such instances, the UE only transmits and decodes critical data in the critical time slots when a serving cell signal is low for a determined period of time. Otherwise, when the time slots do not carry critical data, i.e., non-critical time slots, the UE stops transmitting and decoding and uses the non-critical time slots for IRAT measurement.

Abstract: An improved technique for measuring I/O latency in an I/O driver of a host computing system includes obtaining the tick size of a high resolution clock of the host and setting the boundaries of I/O latency buckets at different calculated numbers of high resolution clock ticks. The I/O latency buckets are used for binning latency measurements made by the I/O driver. The boundaries of the I/O latency buckets are expressed as numbers of high resolution clock ticks and correspond to a sequence of predetermined time values. At runtime, the I/O driver measures the latency of I/O requests using timestamps obtained from the high resolution clock. The latency measurements are expressed as numbers of elapsed ticks. The I/O driver then assigns measured latency values to data buckets by comparing ticks to ticks, without the need for unit conversion or resource-intensive arithmetic.