Abstract: This application provides a communication method, a communication apparatus, and a terminal device. The method includes a first node that receives a first message of a terminal device that requests to associate the terminal device with the first node. The first node obtains information about a second node, where the second node is a group header of an upper layer group in which the terminal device is located. The first node performs data transmission as a relay between the terminal device and the second node. According to a solution provided in this application, the terminal device can perform normal communication.

Abstract: A system designed for increasing network communication speed for users, while lowering network congestion for content owners and ISPs. The system employs network elements including an acceleration server, clients, agents, and peers, where communication requests generated by applications are intercepted by the client on the same machine. The IP address of the server in the communication request is transmitted to the acceleration server, which provides a list of agents to use for this IP address. The communication request is sent to the agents. One or more of the agents respond with a list of peers that have previously seen some or all of the content which is the response to this request (after checking whether this data is still valid).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for performing handover in a wireless communication system. According to a method for performing a handover according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) perform data transmission/reception with a source base station for each bearer, perform uplink data transmission by switching to a protocol of a second bearer from a protocol layer entity of a first bearer in case that a preset first condition is satisfied; and in case that a preset second condition is satisfied, stop downlink data reception from the source base station through the protocol layer entity of the first bearer, and perform data transmission/reception with a target base station.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus that can be used for application instance switching in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) scenario. The method includes: an MEC network element obtains information about a source application instance of an application accessed by a terminal device and information about a target application instance of the application. The MEC network element sends a first message to a first MEC platform, where the first message is used to request to migrate a user context of the application from the source application instance to the target application instance, the source application instance is deployed on the first MEC platform, and the target application instance is deployed on a second MEC platform. The MEC network element receives a second message from the first MEC platform, where the second message indicates a migration state of the user context of the application.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for the sharing of an FPGA board by multiple virtual machines. Specifically, in the present application, a PCIE virtual layer (comprising a plurality of PCIE virtual sub-layers) and a virtual PCIE device are created; one virtual machine corresponds to one virtual PCIE device, multiple virtual PCIE devices correspond to one PCIE virtual sub-layer, and one PCIE virtual sub-layer corresponds to one FPGA board, thus enabling multiple virtual machines to share and use the FPGA board through one PCIE virtual sub-layer (that is, the multiple virtual machines share one PCIE bus, and same all access the FPGA board through the PCIE bus), thereby solving the problem of some of the virtual machines being unable to be started at the same time, and enhancing the experience effect of a user.

Abstract: An optical transmission device includes: a signal processor, a first frame generator circuit and a second frame generator circuit. The signal processor accommodates a client signal into one or a plurality of time slot sequences among n time slot sequences. The first frame generator circuit generates a frame including the client signal accommodated into a part of time slot sequences among the n time slot sequences. The second frame generator circuit generates a frame including the client signal accommodated into other time slot sequences among the n time slot sequences. The signal processor accommodates the client signal into the n time slot sequences when the first frame generator circuit and the second frame generator circuit are implemented, and accommodates the client signal into the other time slot sequences when the first frame generator circuit is not implemented and the second frame generator circuit is implemented.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an I/O command control apparatus receives authorization information. The authorization information indicates whether or not to permit an execution of an I/O command. The apparatus verifies whether the received authorization information is not tampered with, and whether the received authorization information is issued from a known authorization server. In a case where the authorization information is not tampered with, and is issued from the known server, the apparatus verifies whether or not the authorization information permits to execution of the I/O command. The apparatus permits or prohibits the execution of the I/O command or execution of a control command generated from the I/O command, based on the authorization result.

Abstract: A system and method checks packetized data retrieved from a bus that is ordinarily considered reliable that was already error checked and/or corrected before being placed on the bus by applying a hash or checksum or other function to each packet to produce a packet checksum and then applying another function to the ordered packet checksums and comparing the result to one sent by the device that checked and/or corrected, and sent, the data packets.

Abstract: A plurality of resource requesters may be configured to consume a resource to perform a task. Each of the plurality of resource requesters can be allocated a resource budget to consume the resource to perform the task. An arbiter can select one of the plurality of resource requesters to consume the resource based on an arbitration scheme. When a resource requester is selected, the amount of resource consumed by the resource requester can be deducted from its resource budget. When the resource requester is idle for a number of cycles when selected, the corresponding resource budget can be further reduced to account for the actual amount of resource consumed and wasted by the resource requester, which can provide fairness in resource consumption over few rounds of arbitration.

Abstract: Compacted addressing for transaction layer packets, including: determining, for a first epoch, one or more low entropy address bits in a plurality of first transaction layer packets; removing, from one or more memory addresses of one or more second transaction layer packets, the one or more low entropy address bits; and sending the one or more second transaction layer packets.

Abstract: A system and method for provisionally authenticating a host moving from a source port of a switch device to a destination port of the switch device is disclosed. The host is initially authenticated at the source port and blocked from forwarding network traffic at the destination port. During a provisional authentication session, an authentication agent executing on the switch intercepts one or more authentication packets sourced by the host and headed for the destination port of the switch device and redirects the authentication packets to an authentication server for validating the host at the destination port of the switch device. The switch device removes the block at the destination port in response to receiving an acknowledgment of successful authentication at the destination port from the authentication server.

Abstract: The application relates to the adaptation of the length of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code in the context of 3GPP NR. In 3GPP NR, the length of the uplink and downlink control information (UCI, DCI) significantly varies. Therefore, it is necessary to select a CRC code of appropriate size or length. Accordingly, a method (200) for use in a wireless transmitter comprises: determining an amount of data to transmit (212); determining a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) polynomial length based on the amount of data to transmit (214); encoding the data using a CRC of the determined polynomial length (216); and transmitting the encoded data (216). The data to transmit may not only comprise control channel data but also user data and may be encoded with a Polar code or a low-density parity check (LDPC) code.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes determining a first configuration information for configuring a user plane device of the first network slice associated with the control plane device, generating a first configuration identifier based on the first configuration information, sending, to the user plane device of the first network slice, the first configuration identifier and the first configuration information, receiving, from the user plane device of the first network slice, a second configuration identifier, wherein the second configuration identifier is generated by the user plane device of the first network slice based on the first configuration information received from the control plane device, and verifying, by comparing the first configuration identifier and the second configuration identifier, that the user plane device of the first network slice is configured using the first configuration information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for are provided for offloading computing tasks from constrained devices. An example apparatus includes an offload computing protocol (OCP) enabled device. The OCP enabled device includes OCP extensions to the operating system to enable the offloading of computing tasks. A proximity locator may use a radio transceiver to locate an OCP device that can accept a computing task. The OCP enabled device may include an OCP bundle comprising code and data, wherein the OCP bundle is to be sent to the OCP device.

Abstract: A system designed for increasing network communication speed for users, while lowering network congestion for content owners and ISPs. The system employs network elements including an acceleration server, clients, agents, and peers, where communication requests generated by applications are intercepted by the client on the same machine. The IP address of the server in the communication request is transmitted to the acceleration server, which provides a list of agents to use for this IP address. The communication request is sent to the agents. One or more of the agents respond with a list of peers that have previously seen some or all of the content which is the response to this request (after checking whether this data is still valid).

Abstract: In methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications, a user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink control information (DCI) block including DCI for a set of transport blocks scheduled for the UE, the DCI including a set of fields. The UE may decode the DCI block to obtain the DCI for the set of transport blocks, where at least two fields of the downlink control information are jointly decoded according to an encoding scheme, and where each possible output of the encoding scheme corresponds to a jointly valid combination of the at least two fields. The UE may receive the set of transport blocks from a base station based on the DCI.

Abstract: The system determines a first source MAC associated with a switch. The system updates a MAC address table by mapping the first source MAC to a first tag which indicates a source role corresponding to a network infrastructure. A processor associated with the switch generates a first packet which indicates the first source MAC. The system performs a first search in the MAC address table based on the indicated first source MAC to obtain the first tag, and performs a second search in a policy table based on the first tag for a policy which indicates an action to be applied to the first packet. If the second search is not successful, the system modifies a header of the first packet by adding the first tag. If the second search is successful, the system determines that the indicated action comprises allowing the first packet and transmits the first packet.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to executing a poller to poll for received communications over multiple transport layer protocols from a connection to identify a received communication from one of the multiple transport layer protocols and identify a second received communication from a different one of the multiple transport layer protocols. A change to the different one of the multiple transport layer protocols occurs in response to failure of the one of the multiple transport layer protocols or slow transport rate using the one of the multiple transport layer protocols. In some examples, the poller is executed in user space and transport layer protocol processing of the received communication and second received communication occur in kernel space.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless communication terminal that wirelessly communicates. the wireless communication terminal includes: a transceiver for transmitting and receiving a wireless signal; and a processor for processing the wireless signal. The processor is configured to perform a transmission based on a transmission opportunity (TXOP) limit which is a maximum value of a TXOP, which is a time interval in which a wireless communication terminal has a right to initiate a frame exchange sequence in a wireless medium.

Abstract: A network device may forward fragments of an IPv4 network packet encapsulated in IPv6 network packets from an IPv6 network to an IPv4 network without reassembling the IPv4 network packet. The network device may receive and buffer the one or more fragments of a fragment flow associated with the IPv4 network packet until it receives a fragment of the fragment flow that includes an indication of the source port of the IPv4 network packet. When the network device receives the fragment that includes the indication of the source port of the IPv4 network packet, the network device may dispatch each fragment of the fragment flow that it has received to the IPv4 network.

Abstract: Programmatically defined fields of metadata for a network packet may be generated. Instructions indicating different portions of data from different headers of a network packet may be stored at a packet processor. When a network packet is received, the different portions of the data may be extracted from the different headers of the packet according to the instructions and provided to other stages of the packet processor for processing. Different portions of the same programmatically defined field may be utilized at different stages in the packet processor. The programmatically defined field may be used to generate a hash value that selects an entry in a lookup table describing a forwarding decision for a network packet.

Abstract: There is disclosed in one example a network interface card (NIC), comprising: an ingress interface to receive incoming traffic; a plurality of queues to queue incoming traffic; an egress interface to direct incoming traffic to a plurality of server applications; and a queuing engine, including logic to: uniquely associate a queue with a selected server application; receive an incoming network packet; determine that the selected server application may process the incoming network packet; and assign the incoming network packet to the queue.

Abstract: A wireless communication device including: a transmitter unit configured to transmit an RTS (Request To Send) packet to a plurality of wireless communication devices; a receiver unit configured to receive a CTS (Clear To Send) packet responding to the RTS packet; and a data processing unit configured to transmit data packets from the transmitter unit to the plurality of wireless communication devices when the CTS packet is received by the receiver unit from at least some of the plurality of wireless communication devices.

Abstract: Review data associated with a guest experience at an event, such as a vacation rental, for example, is transmitted over a communications network to one or more networked computing devices for processing the review data into a review data file for publication. The review data may be generated by an application executing on a processor of a client device such as a smartphone, tablet or pad. The review data may include access credentials and location data that may be processed to validate that the review data is legitimate. The review data may include media content captured in-situ at the event while the guest is experiencing the event. Prior to publishing a review data file, an owner may receive a notice and/or a copy of the pending review data file and the owner may take action to cure a less than stellar review and/or amend the review prior to publication.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to an embedded physical layer (EPHY) for a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The EPHY for the FPGA is for a testing device that can receive and transmit in both the high speed PHYs, as well as low speed PHYs, such as MIPI PHYs (MPHYs), to meet universal flash storage (UFS) specifications. The testing device with the EPHY for the FPGA provides flexibility to support any specification updates without the need of application specific (ASIC) production cycles.

Abstract: A method of determining an identity of a called or calling user of a communication propagated over a communications network, the method comprising: determining at least one characterizing feature of an outgoing communication to a called user or an incoming communication from a calling user transmitted over the communications network that is associated with a first user; identifying an incoming or outgoing communication respectively of a second user of the communications network having a least one characterizing feature that matches the at least one characterizing feature of the outgoing or incoming communication associated with the first user; and determining an identity of the called or calling user to be that of the second user.

Abstract: A system for configuring a data center includes a fabric management server coupled to a management switch. A provisional Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller executing on the fabric management server can discover physical servers coupled to the management switch, receive network interface configuration information from the physical servers, and use the discovered network interface configuration information to determine a configuration for switches and servers coupled to an IP fabric. The configuration can be migrated to a full functionality SDN controller.

Abstract: Constructed is a network management system which manages, in an integrated manner, a first communication system, a second communication system and a third communication system passed through by packets that are sent and received via wireless communication between a first device and a second device. The network management system performs information setting to these communication systems for dividing a communication system group, which includes these communication systems, into a plurality of logical partitions each corresponding to a plurality of different service levels based on the management information of each of these communication systems. A logical partition corresponding to a service level with regard to each of the plurality of different service levels is a partition passed through by packets that are sent and received via wireless communication between the first device and the second device belonging to that service level.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method processes a first packet and generates a first copy of the first packet as a second packet. The method sends second copies of the first packet to a first group of multiple destinations defined by a first address. Also, the method sends the second packet to an interface with a loopback function. The interface recirculates the second packet for further processing. The second packet is processed where the second packet is assigned a destination of a second address. Then, the method sends copies of the second packet to a second group of multiple destinations defined by the second address.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving content is provided. A method for transmitting content in a transmitter includes generating a file with one or more packages including at least one asset, and transmitting the generated file to a terminal.

Abstract: A simultaneous client wireless device includes wireless modules configured to perform communication functions of a PHY (physical) layer for wireless radios operable in different bands. The simultaneous client wireless device also includes a communication module configured as an intermediate layer between the PHY layer of the wireless modules and a network layer. The communication module is configured to use an application programming interface to retrieve information from the PHY layer and write information to the PHY layer of the wireless modules, perform communication functions of upper MAC (media access control) and lower MAC layers for the wireless bands, and manage simultaneous communications over the wireless bands. The communications over the wireless bands can use a local area network protocol.

Abstract: A system and method for protocol independent multi-flow table routing includes a first flow table, a second flow table, and a shared hash table accessible by both the first flow table and the second flow table. Upon receipt of a packet, a first secure signature of a first lookup key is generated for the first flow table, and a second secure signature of a second lookup key is generated for the second flow table. The shared hash table stores both the first secure signature in association with a first value corresponding to the first secure signature, and the second secure signature along with a second value corresponding to the second secure signature. The first and second values indicate destination information for the packet.

Abstract: A mobile telecommunications system including mobile terminals of first type and second type configured to transmit uplink data to a network over a radio interface using plural sub-carriers. The mobile terminals of first type configured to transmit uplink data on a first group of the sub-carriers over a first bandwidth and the mobile terminals of second type configured to transmit uplink data on a second group of the sub-carriers within the first group of sub-carrier over a second bandwidth smaller than the first bandwidth. The mobile terminals of first type transmit random access request messages to a base station of the network requesting uplink radio resources on a first random access channel. The mobile terminals of second type transmit random access request messages to the base station of the network requesting uplink radio resources on a second random access channel on sub-carriers within the second sub-carrier group.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to receiving, at a receiving device, a packet from a node in a first network. determining a version identifier for the packet, encoding the version identifier into the packet, and transmitting the packet containing the encoded version identifier to a load balancing device in a second network. The version identifier may be encoded into a destination port field of the packet. The receiving device may be a perimeter network address translation device. The packet is received at the load balancing device, where the version identifier is extracted and a hash of source address information is performed. The version and hash are used to select a back-end device in the second network. The packet is transmitted to the selected back-end device.

Abstract: A method for use in a cellular communications system in which system traffic can be exchanged between transceivers comprises receiving traffic from a second transceiver at a first transceiver. The traffic includes data units that are each associated with an identifier. The data units are also divided into segments. The method additionally includes sending status information from the first transceiver to the second transceiver. The status information pertains to one or more data units transmitted by the second transceiver. Additionally, sending the status information includes, for non-received and partially received data units, sending information indicating the data units were non-received or partially received and, for partially received data units, sending information indicating which parts of the data units were not received.

Abstract: A network device includes a network interface, a host interface and processing circuitry. The network interface is configured to connect to a communication network. The host interface is configured to connect to a host including a host processor running a client process. The processing circuitry is configured to receive packets originating from a peer process, to identify, in at least some of the received packets, application level information that is exchanged between the client process and the peer process, and to initiate reporting of one or more of the received packets to the client process, based on the application level information.

Abstract: A digital data communications network that supports efficient, scalable routing of data and use of network resources by combining a recursive division of the network into hierarchical sub-networks with repeating parameterized general purpose link communication protocols and an addressing methodology that reflects the physical structure of the underlying network hardware. The sub-division of the network enhances security by reducing the amount of the network visible to an attack and by insulating the network hardware itself from attack. The fixed bandwidth range at each sub-network level allows quality of service to be assured and controlled. The routing of data is aided by a topological addressing scheme that allows data packets to be forwarded towards their destination based on only local knowledge of the network structure, with automatic support for mobility and multicasting.

Abstract: Provided is a device, which is a transmission device that can improve performance, that includes: a light source; and a transmitter that generates a modulated signal based on an input signal and transmits the modulated signal from the light source as visible light by changing a luminance of the light source in accordance with the modulated signal. The transmitter includes, in the modulated signal, a plurality of items of information related to service set identifiers (SSIDs) of a plurality of mutually different access points in a wireless local area network (LAN), and transmits the modulated signal from the light source.

Abstract: A service management system manages use authority for service information, the service information including a content of a service to be provided to a user of a vehicle, the service management system includes a memory configured to store a user ID given for each user of the vehicle and service information set for each vehicle, the user ID and the service information being associated with each other, and a processor configured to unify the use authority for first service information when a plurality of pieces of service information is associated with a single user ID, the first service information being included in each piece of service information.

Abstract: A computer-implemented includes streaming a first segment of multimedia data to a buffer on a first computing device at a first bitrate, wherein the first segment includes a first set of video frames encoded at a first resolution. The computer-implemented method further includes streaming a second segment of the multimedia data to the buffer on the first computing device at a second bitrate, wherein the second segment includes a second set of video frames encoded at a second resolution. The computer-implemented method further includes determining that a first predetermined threshold is reached. The computer-implemented method further includes streaming, in response to determining that the first predetermined threshold is reached, a third segment of multimedia data to the buffer on the first computing device, wherein the third segment includes a first set of pixels that are logically related to the second set of video frames of the second segment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a point-to-point connection are disclosed. The method queries for a next available label for a first provider edge router and a next available label for a second provider edge router, performs a first configuration at the first provider edge router and a second configuration at the second provider edge router, wherein the performing the first configuration comprises configuring a first interface and configuring a label for using at least one tunnel by a second interface, wherein the performing the second configuration comprises configuring a third interface and configuring a label for using the at least one tunnel by a fourth interface, and performs a first mapping for the first provider edge router from the first interface to the second interface, and a second mapping for the second provider edge router from the third interface to the fourth interface.

Abstract: A system and method for provisionally authenticating a host moving from one router to another router in a network using border gateway protocol (BGP) is disclosed. A host is initially authenticated at a first BGP router, this discovery is advertised to a second BGP router pursuant to BGP with a new extended community indicating successful authentication (or pre-authentication) of the host at the first BGP router. An indication for re-authentication of the host at the second BGP router is then received, which blocks network traffic from the host to the second BGP router. Due to the notification of a previous authentication of the host, the second BGP router begins a provisional authentication session. In response to a successful completion of the provisional authentication session, the host is authorized to transmit network traffic on the second BGP router and subsequently blocked from doing the same at the first BGP router.

Abstract: A system for configuring a data center includes a fabric management server coupled to a management switch. A provisional Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller executing on the fabric management server can discover physical servers coupled to the management switch, receive network interface configuration information from the physical servers, and use the discovered network interface configuration information to determine a configuration for switches and servers coupled to an IP fabric. The configuration can be migrated to a full functionality SDN controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring network performance in near real-time by making measurements on packets received at an intermediate node in a wireless communication network. The solution is useful for any packetized communication network that connects a client and application server, and particularly for any application running over TCP/IP protocol. A method is disclosed for measuring end-to-end qualities of a packet-based communication session between a data sender (DS) and a data receiver (DR) at an intermediate node. The measured end-to-end communication qualities may include latency and packet delay variation.

Abstract: This application discloses a method for controlling traffic in a packet-based network. In the method, after receiving a control packet from a transmit end, an intermediate node between the transmit end and the receive end sends a control packet at the head of a first control queue based on first duration, wherein the first duration is obtained based on a committed burst size (CBS) and a first committed information rate (CIR), and the intermediate node is configured to send a packet of a first transmit end to a first receive end in the packet-based network. After sending the control packet in the control queue, the intermediate node sends a first data packet set at the head of a data queue based on the sent control packet, wherein the first data packet set comprises C data packets, and C is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: The automated remote reading of fluid meters implemented in a system includes fluid meters, each measuring a consumption of fluids, and at least one gateway. Each gateway can exchange frames in accordance with a wireless communication standard with a plurality of meters via a first communication network, and to communicate with a management entity responsible for processing, in a centralised manner, information representing a consumption of fluids, referred to as readings, coming from meters via a second network. The method comprises for each gateway: defining meter reading periods for a set of meters paired with said gateway, the gateway being on standby outside each period and awake during each period; successively interrogating each meter in said set during each period in order to obtain a reading, each meter waking up at the start time of each period and going on standby as soon as it has transmitted a reading.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for enhancement to an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS). According to an embodiment, an application server (AS) of the IMS receives from a terminal device a first request for initiating a call service and an internet service which are to be integrated with each other. The AS of the IMS sends a second request for initiating the internet service to a gateway server that acts as a gateway to an internet AS capable of providing the internet service. In response to a reply from the gateway server, the AS of the IMS handles the first request based on the reply.

Abstract: A system and method for provisionally authenticating a host moving from a source port of a switch device to a destination port of the switch device is disclosed. The host is initially authenticated at the source port and blocked from forwarding network traffic at the destination port. During a provisional authentication session, an authentication agent executing on the switch intercepts one or more authentication packets sourced by the host and headed for the destination port of the switch device and redirects the authentication packets to an authentication server for validating the host at the destination port of the switch device. The switch device removes the block at the destination port in response to receiving an acknowledgment of successful authentication at the destination port from the authentication server.

Abstract: A method of buffering, at a decoder, a segment (320?) of an encoded data stream (300?), the segment (320?) being arranged in hierarchical layers comprising a base layer segment (320-0) and an enhancement layer segment (320-1?), the base layer segment (320-0) being decodable to a base level of reproduction quality (LOQ#6), and the enhancement layer segment (320-1?), together with the base layer segment (320-0), being decodable to an enhanced level of reproduction quality (LOQ#1), the method comprising the steps of: receiving the encoded data stream (300?) for a prescribed time period so as to buffer the base layer segment (320-0) and as much of the enhancement layer segment (320-1?) as possible in the prescribed time period (P); and sending the buffered base layer segment (320-0) and what is received of the enhancement layer segment (320-1?) to a decoder for decoding and output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting radio link failure (RLF) and user equipment (UE). The UE is configured with multiples pairs of beams, each pair of beams comprising a transmitting beam used by a base station (BS) to transmit a signal and a corresponding receiving beam used by the UE to receive the signal. The method includes: in a lower layer, measuring the quality of a reference signal received through a receiving beam in each pair of beams and transmitted by a BS using a transmitting beam corresponding to the receiving beam, to serve as the channel quality for the multiple transmitting beams included in the multiple pairs of beams; determining whether the channel quality for the multiple transmitting beams meets a first condition; if so, transmitting to an upper layer an Out-Of-Sync (OOS) indication information, such that the upper layer determines if, according to the OOS indication information, RLF has occurred. As such, the present invention enables detection of RLF in a multi-beam scenario.