Abstract: A method for transmitting and receiving signals using multi-band Radio Frequencies (RFs) is provided. The method includes transmitting/receiving control information identifying a subsidiary carrier frequency band for a user equipment via a primary carrier frequency band of the user equipment, wherein the control information includes information of a second ID assigned to a first ID of the subsidiary carrier frequency band among a plurality of first IDs, the first ID identifying the subsidiary carrier frequency band in the physical layer and the second ID identifying the subsidiary carrier frequency band in the specific layer.

Abstract: A method provides a bidirectional communication protocol for data communication between a first device and a second device. The method includes: during a first time interval, transmitting data from the first device to the second device; and during a second time interval, (a) after the occurrence of a first event, (i) suspending data transmission from the first device to the second device; and (ii) transmitting control data from the second device to the first device; and (b) after the occurrence of a second event, transmitting control data from the first device to the second device.

Abstract: A distributed channel hopping communication method in a low power wireless ad-hoc network. A beacon transmission and reception scheduling method using a distributed channel hopping method in a wireless ad-hoc network, the method includes: transmitting beacons using channel hopping, before establishing the wireless ad-hoc network including a plurality of nodes having a BP including at least one time slot, and receiving beacons of a plurality of neighboring nodes of each of the plurality of nodes; collecting information about the wireless ad-hoc network and information about the plurality of neighboring nodes from the received beacons; scheduling the receiving of the beacons that are transmitted from the plurality of neighboring nodes in the BP, using TDMA in each of the at least one time slot based on the information about the plurality of neighboring nodes; and scheduling transmitting of a beacon in each of the at least one time slot.

Abstract: A wireless data transmission method includes providing a plurality of radio frequency transmitters. A receiver is provided to receive transmissions from the transmitters. A data format including a plurality of transmission time slots is defined. A first subset of the plurality of transmitters that are apt to send the transmissions simultaneously is determined. Each of the transmitters in the first subset is assigned to a different one of the time slots. A second subset of the plurality of transmitters that are apt to send the transmissions non-simultaneously is determined. Each of the transmitters in the second subset is assigned to a same one of the time slots. The transmitters are used to transmit the transmissions to the receiver in accordance with the assigning steps.

Abstract: Techniques for transmitting data in a communication system are described. A packet may be partitioned into multiple subpackets, and each subpacket may be encoded separately. The subpackets may be mapped to resources assigned for transmission of the packet, with at least one subpacket being mapped to a subset of the assigned resources. The assigned resources may include multiple tiles, with each tile corresponding to a block of time frequency resources. The subpackets may be mapped to the tiles such that (i) the subpackets are mapped to equal number of tiles to achieve similar decoding performance, (ii) each subpacket is mapped to at least NMIN tiles, if available, to achieve a certain minimum diversity order for the subpacket, and/or (iii) each subpacket is mapped to a subset of the multiple tiles, if possible, so that the subpacket can be decoded without having to demodulate all of the tiles.

Abstract: A method of operation of a MIMO transmitter, in a cellular network supporting both legacy standard-compliant mobile terminals and next generation standard-compliant mobile terminals, the method comprising defining a matrix of resource blocks within an information channel of the cellular network, wherein each resource block corresponds to a region of subcarriers of a transmission timeslot at a given frequency subband; assigning a first set of reference signals (RSs) for the legacy standard-compliant mobile terminals to resource blocks at specific locations within the matrix to be transmitted by the MIMO transmitter, the specific locations being defined by, the legacy standard; and assigning a second set of RSs for the next-generation standard-compliant mobile terminals to other resource blocks within the matrix to be transmitted by the MIMO transmitter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for designing, using, and/or implementing superframe coordination in beacon-enabled networks are described. In various implementations, these systems and methods may be applicable to Power Line Communications (PLC). For example, a method may include implementing a Media Access Control (MAC) superframe using a communication device. The MAC superframe may include a plurality of beacon slots, a plurality of Contention Access Period (CAP) slots following the plurality of beacon slots, a Contention Free Period (CFP) poll access slot following the plurality of CAP slots, a CFP slot following the CFP poll access slot, an inactivity period following the CFP slot, a beacon region following the inactivity period, and a communication slot following the beacon region. The method may also include communicating with another communication device using the MAC superframe.

Abstract: Systems and methods for designing, using, and/or implementing hybrid communication networks are described. In various embodiments, these systems and methods may be applicable to power line communications (PLC). For example, one or more of the techniques disclosed herein may include methods to coordinate medium-to-low voltage (MV-LV) and low-to-low voltage (LV-LV) PLC networks when the MV-LV network operates in a frequency subband mode and the LV-LV network operates in wideband mode (i.e., hybrid communications). In some cases, MV routers and LV routers may have different profiles. For instance, MV-LV communications may be performed using MAC superframe structures, and first-level LV to lower-level LV communications may take place using a beacon mode. Lower layer LV nodes may communicate using non-beacon modes. Also, initial scanning procedures may encourage first-to-second -level LV device communications rather than MV-to-first-level LV connections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for timing acquisition and carrier frequency offset estimation of an OFDM communication system and an apparatus using the same. For this purpose the present invention provides a method for calculating at least one auto-correlation and calculating an observation value by performing a sliding sum on the at least one auto-correlation, and calculating a peak point of an absolute value of the observation as frame timing. In addition, the present invention provides a method for generating a third OFDM symbol that is generated by delaying a second OFDM symbol, calculating an observation value through the second and third OFDM symbols, and calculating a phase difference from a result of multiplication of the observation value and a conjugate complex value of the observation value such that a carrier frequency offset can be estimated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for designing, using, and/or implementing communications in beacon-enabled networks are described. In various implementations, these systems and methods may be applicable to power line communications (PLC). For example, a method may include identifying one of a plurality of orthogonal superframes. The identified superframe may include beacon slots and contention access period (CAP) slots. The beacon slots may follow a sequence of two or more frequency subbands, and the CAP slots may follow the same sequence of two or more frequency subbands. Also, the sequence of two or more frequency subbands may be distinct from other sequences of two or more frequency subbands followed by other beacon slots and CAP slots within others of the plurality of available superframes. The method may then include communicating with another device using the identified superframe.

Abstract: To provide a communication terminal apparatus that efficiently transmits feedback on information regarding the reception quality and transmission form to a communication control apparatus.

Abstract: A module constructs a frame for communication in a communication system that supports a new standard and a legacy standard, the new standard being backward compatible with the legacy standard. The module comprises a first frame generator configured to generate a first portion of the frame, the first portion of the frame to support a first set of data to be transmitted in the legacy standard in each of a number of first bands, a second frame generator configured to generate a second portion of the frame, the second portion of the frame to support a second set of data to be transmitted in the new standard in a second band composed of the first bands, and a frame constructor configured to construct the frame based on the first portion of the frame from the first frame generator and the second portion of the frame from the second frame generator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data in a Base Station (BS) of a communication system are provided. A controller determines a location of a Mobile Station (MS), and determines a transmission/reception scheme for data transmission and reception to/from the MS according to the location of the MS. A transceiver transmits and receives data to/from the MS using the determined transmission/reception scheme. Preferably, the MS is located in any one of a cell's inner region and a cell's outer region, the cell's inner region has a radius which varies according to interference between adjacent cells, and the cell's outer region is a region defined by excepting the cell's inner region from the entire cell region.

Abstract: A transmission method for use in a multi-hop wireless communication system is provided.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus for converting a transmission data series into frequency-domain, converting the frequency-domain converted signal into time-domain signal, and transmitting the time-domain converted signal, the apparatus including: a preamble pattern generation unit which outputs at least two preamble patterns among second and third preamble patterns, including bit series in which each of bits of a first preamble pattern is continued for n bits (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) and for k bits (where k is an integer equal to or greater than 2, and k?n), and the first preamble pattern; and a transmission unit which transmits the transmission signal including at least two of the preamble patterns output from the preamble pattern generation unit.

Abstract: A reference signal multiplexing method for multiple mobile stations includes: grouping together control signals for the multiple mobile stations; and multiplexing reference signals corresponding to the control signals by CDM over the same bandwidth as that of grouped control signals.

Abstract: A method for generating/transmitting a transmission-unit symbol sequence is disclosed. In the case of transmission information, the information is modulated in time and frequency domains on the basis of a predetermined transmission unit (e.g., a transmission time interval TTI or slot), simultaneous transmission of the information is made, and then a transmission unit symbol is generated/transmitted. A transmission sequence is masked in each symbol contained in one transmission unit. Symbol-unit circular shift (cyclic shift) is applied to the masked result, so that transmission efficiency increases. A control signal transmission method for supporting a variety of formats and a signal transmission method based on a prime-length sequence are also provided.

Abstract: For quasi-orthogonal multiplexing in an OFDMA system, multiple (M) sets of traffic channels are defined for each base station. The traffic channels in each set are orthogonal to one another and may be pseudo-random with respect to the traffic channels in each of the other sets. The minimum number of sets of traffic channels (L) is used to support a given number of (U) terminals selected for data transmission, where M?L?1 and U?1. Each terminal transmits data and pilot symbols on its traffic channel. A base station receives data transmissions from all terminals and may perform receiver spatial processing on received symbols with spatial filter matrices to obtain detected data symbols. The spatial filter matrix for each subband may be derived based on channel response estimates for all terminals transmitting on that subband.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for synchronization in an uplink spatial division multiple access (UL SDMA) mode of a WiMAX wireless communication system includes a first step (500) of allocating a mixed sequence of first and second tile patterns for mobile station uplink slots. A next step (502) includes detecting embedded pilot signals in mobile station data traffic. A next step (504) includes calculating first and second pilot signal phase difference within the respective first and second tile patterns. A next step (506) includes estimating a time error and a frequency error of the pilot signals. A next step (508) includes sending information about the time and/or frequency error to the mobile station for use in synchronization (510).

Abstract: A method comprises dividing a time frequency frame into a plurality of slots, the frame having one or more radio-frequency (RF) channels, determining a maximum slot length, and scheduling service data in symbols such that all service data symbols are within the maximum slot length of symbols corresponding to at least one common service part.

Abstract: Provided are a method of controlling power of an access uplink using a relay station (RS) and a system thereof. When a base station (BS) decides that the subject of power control of the access uplink is itself, the BS generates a message for power control of the access uplink based on channel quality measurement information reported from the RS and transmits the power control message to a subscriber station (SS), and when the BS decides that the subject of power control of the access uplink is the RS, the RS generates a message for power control of the access uplink based on channel quality measurement information and transmits the power control message to the SS. Thus, fast power control of the access uplink can be performed.

Abstract: A method for providing communication in a wireless network comprising one or more simultaneously operating pico networks includes dividing UWB spectrum into a plurality of frequency bands. These bands are formed into band groups. At least one band group is assigned to each one of the pico networks. At least pne time frequency code is assigned to symbols associated with each one of the pico networks on a transmission-by-transmission basis. A system for channelization of the spectrum includes a frequency-synthesized oscillator and a time frequency code generator configured to assign time-frequency codes to successive transmissions of a pico network such that the successive transmissions are transmitted in all frequency bands of a band group assigned to the pico network.

Abstract: A base station, for allocating to a mobile station a radio resource in a time direction and a frequency direction of a frame to perform radio communications with the mobile station, includes a zone forming unit configured to apply to zones, into which the frame is partitioned in the time direction, one of pilot transmission methods different in terms of a pilot allocation or a pilot directivity and in an allocation of transmission data to a plurality of mobile stations in a first zone adjacent to a second zone with a pilot transmission method different from the pilot transmission method of the first zone applied to the second zone, a scheduler configured to schedule a first mobile station moving at a low speed to a vicinity of a boundary with the second zone at a higher priority than a second mobile station moving at a high speed.

Abstract: A sequence of two or more signals representing two or more data packets is transmitted through a wireless channel using a transmitter device. The two or more signals are a result of two or more transmissions that are made sequentially in time at different center frequencies in order to span a desired bandwidth. At least one of the two or more signals includes a physical layer preamble. The sequence of two or more signals is received using a receiver device. A time of arrival of one or more signals of the received sequence is calculated using one or more of the received sequence, the time differences among the two or more transmissions, the different center frequencies, information from the two or more data packets, and any carrier phase differences among the two or more transmissions using the receiver device.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a scheduling request which is used to request a radio resource for uplink transmission includes configuring an uplink control channel for transmission of a scheduling request in a subframe, the subframe comprising two consecutive slots, a slot comprising a plurality of single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols, the scheduling request being carried by presence or absence of transmission of the uplink control channel, and transmitting the scheduling request on the uplink control channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for transmitting time/frequency frames. The method includes: framing and mapping data symbols as input to a multi-carrier multiplexer; transforming pilots with multiple-state data modulation known to a receiver of the frames, the pilot modulation state being selected as a function of data that is not known to the receiver and of coding rules that are known to the receiver; and inserting previously-transformed pilots in distributed manner into the mapped frame.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for resource allocation signaling for grouping user real time services. Uplink signaling for voice activity reporting of each user's transition between an active state and an inactive voice state is sent from a wireless transmit/receive unit to a Node B. Radio resource allocation to users of a wireless communication system varies based on user measurement reporting, a pre-determined pattern such as frequency hopping, or a pseudorandom function. Grouping methods are adjusted to better utilize the voice activity factor, so that statistical multiplexing can be used to more efficiently utilize physical resources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiplexing communication resources to multiple users in a communication system is provided. A generic time-frequency (T-F) mapping pattern (TFPgeneric) and a set of orthogonal T-F mapping patterns (TFPs) comprising TFPgeneric is generated. In each transmission time interval (TTI), the set of TFPs is cyclically offset by a random variable and the offset TFPs are allocated to one or more users and/or traffic channels.

Abstract: A method of data transmission according to one embodiment of the invention includes encoding a set of data values to produce a corresponding series of ordered n-tuples. The method also includes transmitting, according to the series of ordered n-tuples, a plurality of bursts over a plurality n of frequency bands. Specifically, for each of the plurality of bursts, a frequency band occupied by the burst is indicated by the order within its n-tuple of an element corresponding to the burst. A bandwidth of at least one of the plurality of bursts is at least two percent of the center frequency of the burst. Information is encoded into a polarity of at least one of the plurality of bursts.

Abstract: A method for transmitting/processing data in a wireless communication system, and a transmitter are disclosed. A method processing method for data transmission at a transmitting side of a wireless communication system employing multiple carriers comprises performing a symbol mapping process on a binary data sequence, and generating a symbol sequence, converting the symbol sequence into a time-domain symbol using a plurality of sub-carriers having a variable sub-carrier spacing therebetween, and adding a cyclic prefix to the time-domain symbol.

Abstract: An IS-OFDM system for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications that suppresses narrow-band interference, comprising an in-premises base station (IBS) is described. The IBS further comprises an IS-OFDM transceiver for communicating with a plurality of in-premises terminals (ITs) without creating interference outside an in-premises perimeter. Further, a method for operating an IS-OFDM system for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications that suppresses narrow-band interference and provides local area networking services, in-premises distribution of broadcast cable channels and in-premises wireless access and routing to external networks is described, without creating interference outside an in-premises perimeter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of signaling radio resource allocation in a wireless communication system includes transmitting at least one region boundary to a mobile station indicating a division of the time-frequency resources into at least two regions, determining a time-frequency resource assignment for the mobile station, transmitting an indication of the determined time-frequency resource to the mobile station in the same region as the determined time-frequency resource, and transmitting a packet to the mobile station using the physical time-frequency resources corresponding to the determined time-frequency resource.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method for synchronous multi-channel transmissions in wireless local area networks. An access point can change allocation of its transmit and receive chains across multiple frequency bands ensuring that both uplink and downlink transmissions are properly performed for each station in a wireless system.

Abstract: A cognitive radio base station may transmit, for each channel, common control channel information to a plurality of cognitive radio terminals at different points in time, respectively. Accordingly, the cognitive radio base station may receive a channel allocation request from the plurality of cognitive radio terminals receiving the common control channel information and allocate a plurality of channels to the plurality of cognitive radio terminals, respectively, to perform communication. In response to another terminal existing in a corresponding channel, the cognitive radio base station may update the common control channel information and switch to another channel to transmit subsequent common control channel information at, for example, a closest point in time to thereby broadcast the updated common control channel information to the plurality of cognitive radio terminals using the switched channel.

Abstract: The wireless communication device and corresponding method described herein selectively switches between a single-frequency mode, such as appropriate for an EDGE network, and a multiple-frequency mode, such as appropriate for a multi-carrier EDGE network. Accordingly, a transmitting wireless communication device selectively switches between a single-channel mapping unit, used during the single-frequency mode, and a multi-channel mapping unit, used during the multiple-frequency mode. The multi-channel mapping unit modulates input data to output a modulated data stream for each of multiple adjacent frequency channels that, when combined, produce a multiple-frequency signal with reduced peak-to-average ratio. A receiving wireless communication device selectively switches between a single-channel demodulator, used during the single-frequency mode, and a multi-channel demodulator, used during the multiple-frequency mode.

Abstract: A method for reporting and managing wireless resources in TDM system comprises the step of reporting the wireless resources comprises a RNC obtaining the resource capacity information of each of the carrier frequency in a cell covered by a base station through the resource audit response message or the resource state indicating message or the resource obstruct message. The RNC can obtain the information of the carrier frequency. According to the method, resource capacity information of each of the carrier frequency in the RNC is in consistency of that of the base station. Thus, the rationality of the carrier frequency and the resource capacity information of the carrier frequency distributed to the service by the RNC can be assured. The success rate of the establishment for a radio link is improved accordingly as to avoid the fact that the radio link establishes on the carrier frequency that is not supported by the base station.

Abstract: A first aspect of the invention is a method of transmitting data packets over a transmission channel shared by a plurality of users, based on the time and/or frequency diversity slotted Aloha technique, in which at least two replicas of each packet to be transmitted are sent over said transmission channel, wherein each replica transports signaling information enabling the other replica(s) of the same packet to be located in the time and/or frequency domain. A second aspect of the invention is a method of recovering packets in the receiver, the method exploiting said signaling information to execute an interference cancellation algorithm for recovering packets corrupted by collisions caused by access conflicts. Other aspects of the invention are a transmitter equipment and a receiver packet recovery equipment adapted to use said methods.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with a wireless transceiver and wireless transmitting/receiving method and program thereof capable of improving the robustness against Doppler frequency by containing transmit diversity signals in one spreading region. In the present invention, the transmitter encodes the transmit signals using a space-time matrix and transmits the encoded space-time signals after being spread with different spreading codes, and the receiver de-spreads the received spread signals, in unit of time slot, with the spreading codes corresponding to the respective time slots and then decodes the de-spread signals using the space-time matrix.

Abstract: Systems and methods for communicating between a wireless station and a base station are provided. A base station can allocate both a TDD channel and an FDD channel pair for communicating with a wireless station. The base station can transmit and receive unicast messages using the time slots of the TDD channel or can transmit multicast messages over all time slots of the TDD channel.

Abstract: In a data communication system capable of variable rate transmission, high rate packet data transmission improves utilization of the forward link and decreases the transmission delay. Data transmission on the forward link is time multiplexed and the base station transmits at the highest data rate supported by the forward link at each time slot to one mobile station. The data rate is determined by the largest C/I measurement of the forward link signals as measured at the mobile station. Upon determination of a data packet received in error, the mobile station transmits a NACK message back to the base station. The NACK message results in retransmission of the data packet received in error. The data packets can be transmitted out of sequence by the use of sequence number to identify each data unit within the data packets.

Abstract: A method for physical layer random access in wideband TDD mobile communication system is disclosed, and the method comprises: receiving the system broadcast message of the cell, obtaining the configuration information of the frequency band in frequency domain in the UpPTS time slot of the cell; and the terminal sends random access sequences to the BS in the UpPTS time slot according to the configuration information of the frequency band in the UpPTS time slot. The configuration information of the frequency band in frequency domain in the UpPTS time slot comprises the information about the frequency band number that the total bandwidth used is divided in the UpPTS time slot, the information about the bandwidth size of each frequency band, and the information about the position of the frequency point.

Abstract: A first transceiver is operated in a first frequency band in the presence of a second transceiver operating in a second frequency band. Operation includes ascertaining an interference level at the first transceiver due to the second transceiver. A coexistence strategy for the second transceiver is dynamically selected by selecting a frequency division strategy if the ascertained interference level is less than a threshold level and selecting a time division strategy if the ascertained interference level is above the threshold level. The second transceiver is then caused to operate in accordance with the dynamically selected coexistence strategy.

Abstract: A method and system for communicating an ultra-wideband signal carrying a combined digital signal that represents digital signals for multiple communication channels of a wireless communication system. A distributed antenna system includes multiple remote antenna entities. Each remote antenna entity may include an ultra-wideband transceiver for sending or receiving the ultra-wideband signal. The multiple remote antenna entities may be spaced apart within an indoor premises so as to extend cell coverage of a base transceiver station. The ultra-wideband signal may be transmitted in a forward-link direction towards one or more wireless communication devices or in a reverse-link direction towards the base transceiver station. An aggregator within a remote antenna entity may aggregate multiple combined digital signals so as to form an aggregated combined digital signal that may be transmitted in a reverse-link direction towards the base transceiver station.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting signals with multiple antennas is disclosed. The multiple antenna transmission apparatus performs space-time encoding or space-frequency encoding, and cyclically delays the encoded symbol with a plurality of delay-values to generate a plurality of delayed symbols. The multiple antenna transmission apparatus transmits the plurality of delayed symbols to the channel through a plurality of antennas. By changing the number of space areas for encoding and the number of delay-values for delaying, the number of antennas for the multiple antenna transmission apparatus is easily expanded.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing the capacity of base stations are provided. A base station can operate in a time division duplex mode within a first frequency band. When a second frequency band is acquired for the base station's geographic region, a duplexer can be added to the base station. The base station can then operate in a frequency division duplex mode, where the first frequency band is used for base station downlink transmissions and the second frequency band is used for uplink transmissions.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and computer program products operate an electronic device to generate downlink allocation information and uplink allocation to be signaled to other electronic devices operative in a wireless communications system; and to operate radio apparatus to signal the downlink allocation information and uplink allocation information in a control channel, wherein the downlink allocation information is signaled in a downlink allocation portion of the control channel and the uplink allocation information is signaled in an uplink allocation portion of the control channel. In a variant, apparatus, methods and computer program products operate an electronic device to receive downlink and uplink allocation information signaled in a control channel by a wireless communications system; and to search for downlink allocation information in the downlink allocation portion and uplink allocation information in the uplink allocation portion.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed where in a multi-carrier communication system, the modulation scheme, coding attributes, training pilots, and signal power may be adjusted to adapt to channel conditions in order to maximize the overall system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting radio resources or compromising error probability performance, etc.

Abstract: When a two-dimensional spread code, with which spreading is made in time and frequency directions, is allocated to each channel, spread codes at least one of time and frequency directions of which are mutually orthogonal, and with which despreading can be made with spreading factors that are smaller than the original spreading factors in the respective directions are recognized as selection targets, and a spread code to be allocated to each channel is determined from among the spread codes recognized as the selection targets.

Abstract: A method of transmitting orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signals includes transmitting, at a first transmitter of a network, a first stream of data having a first number of symbols over a first time interval using a first set of one or more OFDMA subcarriers. At a second transmitter of the network, a second stream of data is transmitted having a second number of symbols over a second time interval, different in duration than the first time interval and overlapping the first time interval. The second burst of data is transmitted using a second set of one or more OFDMA subcarriers. The first time interval and first set of subcarriers define a first time-frequency grant, the second time interval and second set of subcarriers define a second time-frequency grant, and the first and second time-frequency grants are granted by a network coordinator node of the network.

Abstract: An assignment section 101 determines communication resource assignment to communication terminals based on a transmission rate at which communication is possible for each subcarrier of each communication terminal, and instructs a buffer section 102 to output forward transmission data. In addition, the assignment section 101 instructs a frame creation section 103 to perform forward transmission data symbolization, and also outputs a signal indicating communication resource assignment to each communication terminal. The buffer section 102 holds forward transmission data, and outputs forward transmission data to the frame creation section 103 in accordance with instructions from the assignment section 101. The frame creation section 103 symbolizes a resource assignment signal and transmission data to create a frame, which it outputs to a spreading section 104.