Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, obtaining a first network parameter associated with a first network device and obtaining a second network parameter associated with a second network device. Further embodiments include determining that the first network device is less congested than the second network device based on the first network parameter and the second network parameter resulting in a first determination. Additional embodiments include amplifying a first wireless signal based on the first determination and in response to receiving the first wireless signal from the first network device resulting in a first amplified wireless signal, and transmitting the first amplified wireless signal Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A multiplexer (100) includes a first filter (FLT1) that passes a signal in a first frequency band, a second filter (FLT2) that passes a signal in a second frequency band lower than the first frequency band, and a third filter (FLT3) that passes a signal in a third frequency band. The third frequency band is a frequency band higher than the first frequency band, or a frequency band lower than the second frequency band. The first filter includes a first inductor (L11) that forms a first attenuation pole on a low-frequency side of the first frequency band. The second filter includes a second inductor (L23) that forms a second attenuation pole on a high-frequency side of the second frequency band. At least a portion of a component constituting the third filter is disposed between the first inductor and the second inductor.

Abstract: A multiplexer includes elastic wave filters with different pass bands, a common terminal to which an inductance element is serially connected in a connection path between an antenna element and the common terminal; and an inductance element. Among the elastic wave filters, a reception input terminal of a first reception filter is connected to the common terminal via the inductance element and is connected to a parallel resonator. Transmission output terminals of transmission filters and a reception input terminal of a second reception filter are connected to the common terminal, are connected to series resonators, and are not connected to parallel resonators.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, devices, apparatus, media, design structures, and other implementations, including a method is that includes receiving, at a receiver device, a signal transmitted from a remote wireless device, with the signal including a training sequence, and updating, based on the training sequence, one or more adjustable characteristics for a non-linear equalizer of the receiver device, with the one or more adjustable characteristics controlling signal non-linear compensation processing to correct non-linear distortions affecting communication signals transmitted from the remote wireless device. In some embodiments, the method may further include updating, based on the training sequence, additional one or more adjustable characteristics for a linear equalizer of the receiver device, with the additional one or more adjustable characteristics controlling signal linear compensation processing to correct linear distortions affecting the communication signals.

Abstract: A system for identifying faults in a radio frequency device under test, the system including a passive intermodulation test module, configured to perform passive intermodulation testing of the device under test on at least one test port; and an in-line S-parameter test set, coupled to the passive intermodulation test module and intermediate the passive intermodulation test module and at least one test port, and configured to perform wideband S-parameter testing of the device under test on the at least one test port.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, obtaining a network parameter associated with a first network device. The first network device transmits a first portion of a first group of wireless signals associated with the first network device to a first group of communication devices located in a first geographical area. Further embodiments can include detecting a second group of communication devices in a second geographical area, and determining the network parameter does not exceed a network parameter threshold resulting in a first determination. Additional embodiments can include amplifying a second portion of the first group of wireless signals associated with the first network device based on the first determination resulting in a first group of amplified wireless signals, and transmitting the first group of amplified wireless signals to a first portion of the second group of communication devices. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A multiplexing system can include a first diplexer and a second diplexer. The first diplexer can have a first transmit terminal, a first receive terminal, and a first common terminal. The first diplexer can be configured to filter a first transmit signal to a first cellular frequency band and output the filtered first transmit signal. The first diplexer can be further configured to filter a first receive signal to a second cellular frequency band and output the filtered first receive signal. The second diplexer can have a second transmit terminal, a second receive terminal, and a second common terminal. The second diplexer can be configured to filter a second transmit signal to the second cellular frequency band and output the filtered second transmit signal. The second diplexer can be further configured to filter a second receive signal to the first cellular frequency band and output the filtered second receive signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for signal booster systems with compensation for cable loss are provided herein. In certain configurations, a signal booster system includes two or more antennas for wirelessly communicating RF signals and a signal booster including booster circuitry for providing amplification to at least a portion of the RF signals. At least one of the antennas is connected to the signal booster via a cable. Additionally, the signal booster includes a cable loss compensation circuit that adjusts a gain of the booster circuitry to compensate for a loss of the cable.

Abstract: A coupler for an automation system for controlling a process having a network interface for connection to an Ethernet-based network for receiving an Ethernet telegram having process data of the process and having control data. A local bus interface connects to a local bus for transmitting a local bus telegram. A circuit is formed between the network interface and the local bus interface. The circuit includes an arithmetic circuit for retrieving the process data from a payload data area of the Ethernet telegram. The circuit includes a first data filter circuit, which differs from the arithmetic circuit, for filtering out a predetermined subset of the control data from a header of the Ethernet telegram preceding the payload data area. The circuit is configured to generate the local bus telegram and to insert the process data and the predetermined subset of the control data into the local bus telegram.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus that includes a plurality of filter circuits configured to filter one or more signals. The plurality of filter circuits includes a first filter component configured to have a first passband that spans adjacent transmission frequency ranges of a first communication band and a second communication band. The plurality of filter circuits further includes a second filter component having a second passband that spans a reception frequency range of a third communication band. The plurality of filter circuits further includes a third filter component having a third passband that spans adjacent reception frequency ranges of the first communication band and the third communication band. The plurality of filter circuits further includes a fourth filter component having a fourth passband that spans the second reception frequency range of the second communication band.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for signal booster systems with compensation for cable loss are provided herein. In certain configurations, a signal booster system includes two or more antennas for wirelessly communicating RF signals and a signal booster including booster circuitry for providing amplification to at least a portion of the RF signals. At least one of the antennas is connected to the signal booster via a cable. Additionally, the signal booster includes a cable loss compensation circuit that adjusts a gain of the booster circuitry to compensate for a loss of the cable.

Abstract: A multiplexer includes elastic wave filters with different pass bands, a common terminal to which an inductance element is serially connected in a connection path between an antenna element and the common terminal; and an inductance element. Among the elastic wave filters, a reception input terminal of a first reception filter is connected to the common terminal via the inductance element and is connected to a parallel resonator. Transmission output terminals of transmission filters and a reception input terminal of a second reception filter are connected to the common terminal, are connected to series resonators, and are not connected to parallel resonators.

Abstract: An apparatus for decoding an encoded audio signal having an encoded representation of a first set of first spectral portions and an encoded representation of parametric data indicating spectral energies for a second set of second spectral portions, has: an audio decoder for decoding the encoded representation of the first set of the first spectral portions to obtain a first set of first spectral portions and for decoding the encoded representation of the parametric data to obtain a decoded parametric data for the second set of second spectral portions indicating, for individual reconstruction bands, individual energies; a frequency regenerator for reconstructing spectral values in a reconstruction band having a second spectral portion using a first spectral portion of the first set of the first spectral portions and an individual energy for the reconstruction band, the reconstruction band having a first spectral portion and the second spectral portion.

Abstract: A multiplexer includes elastic wave filters with different pass bands, a common terminal to which an inductance element is serially connected in a connection path between an antenna element and the common terminal; and an inductance element. Among the elastic wave filters, a reception input terminal of a first reception filter is connected to the common terminal via the inductance element and is connected to a parallel resonator. Transmission output terminals of transmission filters and a reception input terminal of a second reception filter are connected to the common terminal, are connected to series resonators, and are not connected to parallel resonators.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a method, a system, and a device which allow an improved synchronization of a system-wide timing information over a network. Hence, slave clocks can be synchronized to a high quality clock, such as a master clock.

Abstract: Embodiments include processes, systems, and devices that allow a white space base station to request available frequency ranges for white space transmission in a local area. A white space finder service models a primary user device's transmission signal propagation area using terrain data associated with the local area of the primary user device. The white space finder service also determines, based on the location of the white space base station and the modeled propagation area, one or more locally available, non-interfering frequency ranges and provides them to the white space base station. The white space base station compares the provided frequency ranges to policies and selects one or more of the available frequencies that accommodate the policies. The white space base station also maps the transmission frequency ranges to virtual frequency ranges for transmission by a software-defined radio employing spectrum virtualization.

Abstract: Network elements within a network are configured to retain clock traceability over an asynchronous interface. The network elements can generate and process multi-frames that include two different types of traffic, each synchronized to a different respective clock source. Each of the multi-frames is synchronized to the clock source of one of the traffic types and further includes a timestamp to enable the original clock signal of the other traffic type to be reconstructed at the receiving network element.

Abstract: A device includes (a) a plurality of radio frequency (RF) switches, each operable with a plurality of frequency bands; an RF coupling device; and a processor programmed to selectively control operation of the plurality of RF switches based on an uplink signal from an electronic communication device electromagnetically coupled with the RF coupling device. The processor is programmed to selectively control operation of the plurality of RF switches by causing each of the RF switches to lock on a particular frequency band of the plurality of frequency bands corresponding to a frequency of the uplink signal from the electronic communication device.

Abstract: A transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving data via a power supply line comprise a local signal port for respectively receiving and transmitting a serial bit stream and a power line connection port for respectively transmitting a radio frequency signal and receiving the radio frequency signal via the power supply line. The transmitter comprises a modulator unit adapted for encoding the serial bit stream into a baseband signal and generating the radio frequency signal by mixing the baseband signal with a carrier wave so as to redundantly convey the at least one baseband signal in at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave. The receiver comprises a demodulator unit adapted for detecting the at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave in the radio frequency signal, isolating a baseband signal from the at least four spectral sidebands and decoding the baseband signal into the serial bit stream.

Abstract: A device (104) for controlling a clock signal generator includes a processing system configured to form a control quantity at least partly on the basis of reception moments of data frames belonging to a given flow, the reception moments being time values based on a clock signal prevailing at a receiver. The processing system controls the clock signal generator with the control quantity so as to achieve synchronization between the clock signal and another clock signal in accordance of which the data frames have been transmitted. In order to identify data frames belonging to the relevant flow, the processing system checks whether pre-determined bits of a received data frame constitute a bit pattern that occurs when the data frame belongs to the relevant flow. Therefore, the reception moments of data frames belonging to the relevant flow are obtainable without deep inspection of the received data frames.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method for scanning wireless signals in a wide frequency band, measuring power levels in narrow frequency bands from the wireless signals, determining a threshold according to an average wideband power level or at least a portion of the power levels in the narrow frequency bands, detecting from the wireless signals a narrow band interferer based on the threshold, and initiating a strategy for responding to interference in the wide frequency band caused by the detected narrow band interferer. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method for receiving a mitigation strategy for reducing interference caused by at least one narrow band interferer detected in a wide frequency band according to an average wideband power level, an adaptive threshold, or both, creating a message according to the mitigation strategy to transmit to at least one communication device transmitting wireless signals that are associated with the at least one narrow band interferer, and transmitting the mitigation message to the at least one communication device to cause the at least one communication device to adjust operations of a wireless transmitter of the at least one communication device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A generic quality of service (QoS) model that is not dependent on network technology is used to support QoS for communication networks utilizing different network technologies. The generic QoS model may include a superset of all QoS parameters for all network technologies being supported, e.g., 3GPP and 3GPP2. An application at a device may specify QoS for a traffic flow based on the generic QoS parameters in the superset. The generic QoS parameters may be converted to QoS parameters that are specific to a serving network. The converted QoS parameters are exchanged with the serving network and are used while exchanging traffic with the serving network.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method for measuring power levels of signals provided by a receiver configured to scan radio frequency signals over a wide frequency band, calculating an average power level from at least a portion of the measured power levels, determining a threshold, detecting interference in the wide frequency band based on the threshold, the average power level, or both, and causing a null that substantially suppresses the interference received by the receiver. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatus and methods for radio frequency (RF) signal boosters. In certain implementations, a multi-band signal booster is provided for boosting the uplink and downlink channels of at least a first frequency band and a second frequency band. In certain configurations, the downlink channels of the first and second channels are adjacent, and the signal booster includes a first amplification path for boosting the uplink channel of the first frequency band, a second amplification path for boosting the uplink channel of the second frequency band, and a third amplification path for boosting both downlink channels of the first and second frequency bands.

Abstract: A communication device communicates with an originating device during an originating session and receives originating data from the originating device over a wireless communication link and then communicates with a receiving device during a receiving session and sends the originating data to the receiving device over a wireless communication link, such that the originating session and the receiving session occur at different times, and at least one of the sessions is an ad hoc communication session.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a front-end system for processing a composite wideband signal comprises a pre-receiving unit including a multiplexer for separating the composite wideband signal into a plurality of filtered signals. The front-end system further comprises a plurality of discrete frequency band outputs corresponding to the plurality of filtered signals, and a tuner/down-converter coupled to at least one of the plurality of discrete frequency band outputs. In one embodiment, the pre-receiving unit of the front-end system further comprises a second multiplexer for separating at least one of the plurality of filtered signals into a second plurality of filtered signals. In one embodiment, the pre-receiving unit may further comprise a low noise amplifier for processing at least one of the plurality of filtered signals before it is input to the second multiplexer.

Abstract: A satellite telecommunications system comprises at least one satellite receiving signals originating from a plurality of transmitters present in a surveillance zone called a task, the transmission of the signals by the transmitters being discontinuous and organized into time slots. The satellite includes an array of reception antennas, a set of digital reception filters being associated with each antenna. The satellite also includes means for separating the signals originating from various transmitters and colliding in one and the same slot, said separation being carried out by adapting the coefficients of the digital reception filters, said coefficients being deduced from predictions of the position of the transmitters.

Abstract: A communication device has a controller operatively connected to at least a first transceiver and a second transceiver, wherein the first transceiver receives signals on one or more channels within a first frequency band and the second transceiver transmits signals on one or more channels within a second frequency band, wherein the first and second frequency bands are adjacent one another so that each of the first and second frequency bands has an adjacent border and a nonadjacent border. Coexistence between the first and second transceivers is achieved by adjusting receive and/or transmit filters associated with the transceivers to create a guard band that is located more in the first frequency band if the second transceiver is using frequencies close to its adjacent border, and a guard band that is more in the second frequency band if the second transceiver is not using frequencies close to its adjacent border.

Abstract: A communication control apparatus including: a count portion that counts the number of received data; and a discard portion that is provided at an upstream side of a control portion on a forwarding route of the received data, and discards received data according to a counted value by the count portion.

Abstract: A digital subscriber line (DSL) unit comprises a first user port configured to communicate signals according to an Ethernet protocol and a second user port configured to communicate signals according to a second non-Ethernet protocol The DSL unit also comprises at least one DSL port configured to communicate signals according to a DSL protocol; and a processing device configured to analyze Ethernet signals received over the first user port to determine when to output data from the respective received Ethernet signals over the second user port and when to output data from the respective received Ethernet signals over the at least one DSL port. The processing device is further configured to extract data from signals received over the second user port and insert the extracted data into a corresponding Ethernet signal having a respective emulated circuit identification and to output the corresponding Ethernet signal over the first user port.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method for receiving a mitigation strategy for reducing interference caused by at least one narrow band interferer detected in a wide frequency band according to an average wideband power level, an adaptive threshold, or both, creating a message according to the mitigation strategy to transmit to at least one communication device transmitting wireless signals that are associated with the at least one narrow band interferer, and transmitting the mitigation message to the at least one communication device to cause the at least one communication device to adjust operations of a wireless transmitter of the at least one communication device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A multiplexer includes a filter channelizer having at least two output filters, each output filter being coupled with a respective hybrid coupler. The multiplexer channelizes an input radio frequency (RF) band of electromagnetic energy into a set of output ports. Each hybrid coupler includes an input port (port 1), two output ports and an isolated port (port 4). Each output filter is coupled to a first one of the two output ports of a respective hybrid coupler, a second one of the two output ports being connected to an open stub microstrip transmission line. The respective hybrid coupler is coupled in a daisy chain, by way of port 1 and port 4, with one or more of the input of the multiplexer, and at least one other hybrid coupler. Advantageously, each output channel may include no more than one filter and no more than one hybrid coupler.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method for scanning wireless signals in a wide frequency band, measuring power levels in narrow frequency bands from the wireless signals, determining a threshold according to an average wideband power level or at least a portion of the power levels in the narrow frequency bands, detecting from the wireless signals a narrow band interferer based on the threshold, and initiating a strategy for responding to interference in the wide frequency band caused by the detected narrow band interferer. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A signal receiver is arranged to process a portion of a received signal in each of a plurality of filter branches and to determine a quality metric for each branch. The configuration of a second filter for processing the entirety of the received signal is subsequently performed according to the determined quality metrics.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed, such as those involving mixed-mode signaling that includes transmitting a differential signal and a common mode signals over the same pair of interconnect traces. One such apparatus includes a first transmitter configured to transmit a differential signal through a pair of electrically conductive lines in a first direction. The differential signal has a first frequency and carries electronic data. The apparatus further includes a second transmitter configured to transmit a common mode signal through the pair of electrically conductive lines in the first direction. The common mode signal is superimposed onto each of the differential signal. The common mode signal has a second frequency that is lower than the first frequency and carries a control signal. This configuration reduces the number of lines and pins on electronic circuits, thereby saving space thereon.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for filtering video data. The method includes determining whether a difference value of illumination change (DVIC) of a current image processing unit containing a current block is different from a DVIC of an image processing unit that is adjacent to the current image processing unit and based on the determining, adjusting a filtering strength of a deblocking filter and performing deblocking filtering on a boundary of the current block using the filter with the adjusted filtering strength.

Abstract: Within a receiver, a channel estimation mechanism involves a hardware interpolator. In a first mode, narrowband pilot values are analyzed to generate channel parameters that are supplied to the interpolator such that the interpolator generates channel estimate values. The channel estimate values are used to demodulate a tile of a frame. In a second mode, broadband pilot values are supplied to an IFFT, thereby generating time domain values. After time domain processing, an FFT is employed to generate intermediate channel estimate values. These intermediate values are analyzed to determine channel parameters, which in turn are supplied to the hardware interpolator so that the interpolator generates a larger number of channel estimate values. After phase adjustment, the channel estimate values are used in demodulation. Use of the interpolator in the broadband mode allows the FFT employed to be of a smaller order, and to consume less power and/or processing resources.

Abstract: A method is provided for transmitting a multicarrier signal formed by a temporal succession of multicarrier symbols, which includes: at least one preamble formed by at least three successive multicarrier symbols, known as preamble symbols, including complex-value data elements each associated with a carrier of the signal; and multicarrier symbols, known as data symbols, including real-value data elements each associated with a carrier of the signal. The method includes a carrier-shaping step including filtering the carriers of the preamble symbols using a first prototype filter, and filtering the carriers of the data symbols using a second prototype filter different from the first prototype filter.

Abstract: A demultiplexing apparatus includes, in each of n stages, 2n FC+RXHBFs that down-sample a signal, from which a high-frequency component is removed after frequency conversion is carried out, and output the signal. The demultiplexing apparatus extracts, from an input signal including a plurality of band signals, the band signals to thereby demultiplex the input signal. The demultiplexing apparatus includes a reception-filter-bank control unit that calculates, based on channel information including bands and frequency arrangement of the band signals, a dividing position on a frequency axis and a frequency offset value indicating a frequency conversion value and instructs the FC+RXHBF, which is set as a target of output of divided signals of the input signal, about the calculated values. The FC+RXHBF carries out frequency conversion based on the frequency offset value.

Abstract: The occurrence of false positives and the post-processing of digital streams subjected to examination by a deterministic finite state machine for character strings are reduced by combining location-based pattern matching, e.g. on packet headers, and content-based pattern matching, e.g. on payloads of packets. One scheme allows automatic transition from a header match state into an initial state of a content matching machine. Another scheme is based on a rules graph defining strings of match states and the examination of a list of match states (rather than characters) which have been previously determined, for example by means of header matching and content matching. The latter is also capable of comparing offset and depth values associated with the match states with offset and depth criteria.

Abstract: The invention is directed to routing data packets in networks having routers configured as a virtual router using virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP). Embodiments of the invention adjust route metrics to aid in providing predictable selection of routes into VRRP subnets. Advantageously, providing predictable selection of routes into VRRP subnets enhances a network operator's ability to meet service level agreements for critical or delay sensitive applications.

Abstract: A transceiver system may be configured to provide tunable bandwidths. The transceiver may comprise a signal processing component and a filtering component, which may comprise a plurality of filters. The signal processing component may determine one or more adjustments that are applicable to one or both of a first filter that is configured for filtering signals corresponding to a first frequency band associated with a first stream, and a second filter that is configured for filtering signals corresponding to a second frequency band associated with a second stream. The one or more adjustments may correspond to modifications in one or both of the first frequency band and the second frequency band. The one or more adjustments may be communicated to the filtering component, which may apply the adjustments to one or more of the plurality of filters.

Abstract: A combiner system for frequency combining and related methods. Implementations may include a plurality of combiner stages each including a deinterleaver, at least one filter, a frequency downconverter, and a frequency upconverter all operatively coupled together. Each of the plurality of combiner stages may be adapted to receive a complex interleaved input signal including two or more input signals each including a bandwidth, to output a complex stage output signal including the two or more input signals, and to alternately place the bandwidth of each of the two or more input signals in an upper portion and in a lower portion of an output bandwidth of the complex stage output signal. The upper portion and lower portion of the output bandwidth may be contiguous within the output bandwidth and joined at a center of the output bandwidth.

Abstract: A mobile station performing a voice communication by using a radio resource, including a determination unit configured to determine whether an inputted packet is in a talk-spurt state or in a silent state; a message generating unit configured to generate a resource release request, when the determination unit determines that the inputted packet is in the silent state; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit the resource release request to a radio base station.

Abstract: Receiving an indication of a frequency ratio of first and second clocks; generating an indication of a number of clock pulses of the second clock occurring between first and second clock pulses of the first clock; and generating an indication of a time offset between (1) a clock pulse of the second clock occurring between the second clock pulse and a third clock pulse of the first clock, and (2) the second clock pulse of the first clock. Also, receiving an input data word representing a fractional number, a first part of the input data word comprising an integer portion of the fractional number and a second part comprising a decimal portion of the fractional number; providing a first output data word that is either the first part of the input data word or an increment by one of the first part; and providing a second output data word that is an integer multiple of the second part.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate identifying peers based upon encoded signals during peer discovery in a peer to peer network. For example, direct signaling that partitions a time-frequency resource into a number of segments can be utilized to communicate an identifier within a peer discovery interval; thus, a particular segment selected for transmission can signal a portion of the identifier, while a remainder can be signaled based upon tones communicated within the selected segment. Moreover, a subset of symbols within the resource can be reserved (e.g., unused) to enable identifying and/or correcting timing offset. Further, signaling can be effectuated over a plurality of peer discovery intervals such that partial identifiers communicated during each of the peer discovery intervals can be linked (e.g., based upon overlapping bits and/or bloom filter information).

Abstract: The present invention includes two or more bandpass filters, for passing signals of mutually different frequency bands therethrough, including one or more stages of units having coupling devices and resonance circuits coupled, in a tap type, to the coupling device, one end of each bandpass filter is directly connected to a common port, the coupling device and the resonance circuit of the first stage nearest to the port of each bandpass filter has a function of impedance matching means for each bandpass filter, in addition to a function of resonance means, respectively.

Abstract: A wireless terminal and a method of data communication between such wireless terminals includes a first wireless terminal determining whether a second wireless terminal is located within a preset distance, the first wireless terminal determining whether the first wireless terminal is tilted at more than a preset slope and the first wireless terminal transmitting a preset packet of data to the second wireless terminal where it determines that the second wireless terminal is located within the preset distance from the first wireless terminal and the first wireless terminal is tilted at more than the preset slope.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system for receiving signals over a power line distribution. Typically, problems of noise and interference are being solved at the receiver side. Systems of the present disclosure, however, are not limited to the receiver-side solution. Systems according to the present disclosure may also be used at the transmitter side. The receiver comprises a high pass filter, a preselect crossover filter, and an analog front-end receiver architecture.