Abstract: Apparatus for and method of aligning optical components such as mirrors to facilitate proper beam alignment using an image integration optical system is used to integrate images from multiple optical features such as from both left mirror bank and right mirror bank to present the images simultaneously to the camera system. A fluorescent material may be used to render a beam footprint visible and the relative positions of the footprint and an alignment feature may be used to align the optical feature.

Abstract: A dark adapted perimetry method includes the steps of at least partially photobleaching an eye, selectively illuminating a plurality of stimulus target light sources at a predetermined luminance, and recording a response data including triggering an input device in response to the selective illumination. The plurality of stimulus target light sources define a stimulus target array positioned within a concave array guide. Each stimulus target light source is illuminated by a respective LED complex light source.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a first cladding including gallium nitride (GaN) on a substrate, a light waveguide on the first cladding, a first contact pattern, a first SCH pattern, a first active pattern, a second SCH pattern, a second cladding and a second contact pattern sequentially stacked on the light waveguide, and first and second electrodes on the first and second contact patterns, respectively.

Abstract: A monolithic edge emitting semiconductor laser comprising multiple laser diodes using aluminum indium gallium arsenide phosphide AlInGaAs/InGaAsP/InP material system, emitting in long wavelengths (1250 nm to 1720 nm). Each laser diode contains an active region comprising aluminium indium gallium arsenide quantum wells (AlInGaAs QW) and aluminium indium gallium arsenide (AlInGaAs) barriers and connected to the subsequent monolithic laser diode by highly doped, low bandgap and low resistive indium gallium arsenide junction called tunnel junction.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus in a wavelength division multiplexing system includes a sending module configured to send a first detection signal to a first multiplexing device; a receiving module configured to receive the first detection signal that passes through the first multiplexing device, and receive a second detection signal that passes through the first multiplexing device and a second multiplexing device; and a processing module configured to adjust a center frequency of the first detection signal, so that an adjusted center frequency of the first detection signal is aligned with a center frequency of the first multiplexing device, and adjust a center frequency of the second detection signal and the center frequency of the first multiplexing device, so that the center frequency of the first multiplexing device is aligned with the center frequency of the second detection signal.

Abstract: A stackable beam module assembly and system for combining laser beams by recursive coupling of one or more beam modules whereby successive converging and diverging lenses having optical properties and an orientation in central beam channels and peripheral beam channels to direct the peripheral beams in a direction parallel to the central beams to thereby propagate a resultant beam having an increased power output directly correlated to the sum of the combined laser beams.

Abstract: An acoustic sensor comprises a sensing head comprising an optical fiber having a tip. A graphene diaphragm is disposed on the tip and is configured to vibrate in response to an acoustic signal. A fiber laser is optically coupled to the sensing head. The fiber laser comprises a first set of fiber Bragg gratings and a second set of fiber Bragg gratings. A gap is present between the first set and the second set of fiber Bragg gratings. The fiber laser is configured to generate a sensing optical signal having a first intensity in response to an excitation optical signal, the sensing optical signal impinging on the graphene diaphragm such that a feedback optical signal is reflected from the graphene diaphragm towards the fiber laser and has and has a second intensity modulated by the vibration of the graphene diaphragm that corresponds to the acoustic signal.

Abstract: A multiple-output laser component is described with a plurality of diode lasers in a common package, each of the diode lasers having distinct electrical control and optically coupled to a distinct output fiber, the component configured such that up to a maximum total output power can be selectively and dynamically partitioned among said diode lasers. The dynamic allocation can be based on demand for laser power in a fiber optic coupled to each diode laser. The multi-output laser component can be used to drive amplifiers associated with a multicast switch in some embodiments.

Abstract: A welding or cladding apparatus in which one or more energy beam emitters are used to generate a wide beam spot transverse to a welding or cladding path, and one or more wide feeders feed wire to the spot to create a wide welding or cladding puddle.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser and a method for producing such a semiconductor laser are disclosed. In an embodiment a semiconductor laser has at least one surface-emitting semiconductor laser chip including a semiconductor layer sequence having at least one active zone configured to generate laser radiation and a light exit surface oriented perpendicular to a growth direction of the semiconductor layer sequence. The laser further includes a diffractive optical element configured to expand and distribute the laser radiation, wherein an optically active structure of the diffractive optical element is made of a material having a refractive index of at least 1.65 regarding a wavelength of maximum intensity of the laser radiation; and a connector engaging at least in places into the optically active structure and completely filling the optically active structure at least in places.

Abstract: A dark adapted perimetry device comprising a photobleaching device, a concave, array guide, the guide comprising a stimulus target array comprising a plurality of stimulus target light sources positioned within the guide and a control unit to selectively illuminate light sources comprised in the plurality of stimulus target light sources at a predetermined luminance is disclosed. The stimulus target light sources may be illuminated by a LED complex source comprising two or more LEDs. Also disclosed is a method using the perimetry device. A bleaching device comprising an eye piece for positioning the eye, a locator for moving the bleaching device into and out of the optical path, an imaging system for tracking the gaze direction or a fixation target, an illumination source and a bleach control device to control the brightness and pulse form of the illumination source is also disclosed along with a method of photobleaching.

Abstract: A light emitting device (LED-Filament) comprises: a light-transmissive substrate; at least one blue LED chip mounted on the light-transmissive substrate, for instance mounted on a face thereof; and a photoluminescence material at least partially covering the at least one blue LED chip. The photoluminescence material comprises narrow-band red phosphor particles that generates light with a peak emission wavelength in a range of 600 nm to 640 nm and a full width at half maximum emission intensity of 50 nm to 60 nm. The light emitting device is characterized by CRI Ra greater than or equal to about 90. The narrow-band red phosphor particles can comprise at least one Group IIA/IIB selenide sulfide-based phosphor material such as for example CaSe1-x Sx:Eu (CSS phosphor).

Abstract: One or more laser devices, one or more information acquisition devices, one or more imaging systems, and one or more methods for use with same are provided. Embodiments of wavelength-tunable type surface emitting lasers including an active layer and excitation units and for exciting the surface emitting laser are included, and the excitation units excite the active layer of the surface emitting laser so that a carrier occupation state of an energy level that can oscillate different wavelength in different areas of the active layer of the surface emitting laser in the XY in-plane direction is obtained.

Abstract: Solid state lasers emitting at first and a second wavelengths include an additional a conversion amplifier for converting photons having the first wavelength into photons having the second wavelength, thereby improving output efficiency of a preferred wavelength. Erbium lasing materials such as erbium doped garnets and fluorides, are employed, along with the conversion amplifier formed of a transition metal doped II-VI semiconductor, e.g., Cr:ZnSe.

Abstract: A laser system is described, the laser system comprising: an optical cavity defined by at least first and second at least partially reflecting elements; and a gain system. The gain system comprising at least first and second gain media located within the optical cavity. The first and second gain media are configured to generate optical radiation of at least first and second wavelength ranges in response to pumping energy.

Abstract: A light emitting device (LED-Filament) comprises: a light-transmissive substrate; at least one blue LED chip mounted on a face of the light-transmissive substrate; and a photoluminescence material at least partially covering the at least one blue LED chip. The photoluminescence material comprises phosphor particles of at least one Group IIA/IIB selenide sulfide-based phosphor material that generates red light with a peak emission wavelength in a range of 600 nm to 640 nm and a full width at half maximum emission intensity of 50 nm to 55 nm. The LED-filament can be incorporated in a lamp, with a yellow to green-emitting phosphor that generates yellow to green light with a peak emission wavelength in a range of 520 nm to 570 nm, to provide light with a color temperature in a range of 1500 K to 4000 K and a General Color Rendering Index (CRI Ra) of greater than or equal to 90 and a CRI R9 greater than or equal to 50.

Abstract: A broad line red light generator is configured with a single mode (SM) pulsed ytterbium (“Yb”) fiber laser pump source outputting pump light in a fundamental mode (“FM”) at a pump wavelength which is selected from a 1030-1120 nm wavelength range. The disclosed generator further includes a SM fiber Raman converter spliced to an output of the Yb fiber laser pump source. The Raman converter induces an “n” order frequency Stokes shift of the pump light to output the pump light at a Raman-shifted wavelength within 1220 and 1300 nm wavelength range with a broad spectral line of at least 10 nm. The disclosed light generator further has a single pass second harmonic generator (“SHG”) with a lithium triborate (“LBO”) nonlinear optical crystal having a spectral acceptance linewidth which is sufficient to cover the broad spectral line of the pump light. The SHG generates a SM pulsed broad-line red light with a broad spectral line of at least 4 nm.

Abstract: A WDM transmitter and/or receiver optoelectronic integrated circuit includes a plurality of microresonators and corresponding waveguides and couplers that are integrally formed on a substrate. For the WDM transmitter, the microresonators and waveguides are configured to generate a plurality of optical signals at different wavelengths. Each coupler includes a resonant cavity waveguide that is configured to transmit one optical signal from one waveguide to the output waveguide such that the plurality of optical signals are multiplexed on the output waveguide. For the WDM receiver, an input waveguide is configured to provide for propagation of a plurality of optical signals at different wavelengths. Each coupler includes a resonant cavity waveguide that is configured to transmit at least one optical signal from the input waveguide to one waveguide.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a carrier; and a first semiconductor element comprising a first semiconductor structure and a second semiconductor structure, wherein the second semiconductor structure is closer to the carrier than the first semiconductor structure is to the carrier, the first semiconductor structure comprises a first MQW structure configured to emit a first light having a first dominant wavelength during normal operation, and the second semiconductor structure comprises a second MQW structure configured not to emit light during normal operation.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a tunable laser that includes a set of M reflective silicon optical amplifiers (RSOAs) and a set of N narrow-band reflectors. It also includes a silicon-photonic optical switch, having M amplifier ports, which are coupled through a set of M optical waveguides to the set of M RSOAs, and N reflector ports, which are coupled to the set of N narrow-band reflectors. The tunable laser also includes a switching mechanism that facilitates coupling at least one selected amplifier port from the M amplifier ports with a selected reflector port from the N reflector ports, thereby causing an RSOA coupled to the selected amplifier port to form a lasing cavity with a narrow-band reflector coupled to the selected reflector port. The tunable laser also includes a laser output, which is optically coupled to the lasing cavity.

Abstract: A tunable laser with multiple in-line sections generally includes a semiconductor laser body with a plurality of in-line laser sections each configured to be driven independently to generate laser light at a wavelength within a different respective wavelength range. The wavelength of the light generated in each of the laser sections may be tuned, in response to a temperature change, to a channel wavelength within the respective wavelength range. A switch module may be configured to couple a signal from a laser driver to a selected one of the plurality of in-line laser sections, wherein the signal modulates the laser light generated by the in-line laser section. The selected in-line section may be DC biased to a lasing state and the non-selected in-line sections may be DC biased to a non-lasing or transparent state.

Abstract: A method comprising using a pulse shaper in the spectral domain to generate multiple-color pulses directly at the output of the laser amplifier. The delay can thus be controlled directly in the spectral domain and there is no need for an optical delay line. The method allows reducing the number of optical components and insures insensitivity to alignment, vibrations and turbulence on long distance propagation and filamentation, particularly in air. The method allows programmable and tunable interaction, since the pulse shaper is able to control the laser spectral amplitude and phase.

Abstract: A multi-channel optical transceiver includes a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) with a thermal arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) for multiplexing optical signals and a receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) with an athermal AWG for demultiplexing optical signals. The TOSA may also include a laser array optically coupled to the thermal AWG and a temperature control system thermally coupled to the laser array and the thermal AWG to control temperature for wavelength tuning. The temperature control system in the TOSA may include a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) that cools both the laser array and the thermal AWG. Because the athermal AWG in the ROSA is temperature independent, the ROSA does not include a TEC, thereby reducing power consumption and conserving space. The optical transceiver may be used in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical system, for example, in an optical line terminal (OLT) in a WDM passive optical network (PON).

Abstract: A method for tuning a tunable optical transmitter to a target wavelength includes applying at least one tuning signal to the tunable optical transmitter to control the tunable optical transmitter to create an optical calibration signal according to nominal tuning information for the tunable optical transmitter. The optical calibration signal has a wavelength lying within a secure wavelength range, and the nominal tuning information is based on a nominal wavelength dependency for the tunable optical transmitter. The method also includes measuring a deviation between an actual wavelength dependency of the tunable optical transmitter and the nominal wavelength dependency, and determining calibration information based on that deviation. The calibration information is applied to determine a corrected nominal wavelength dependency from which target tuning information is determined. The tunable optical transmitter is controlled to create an optical channel signal according to the target tuning information.

Abstract: A technique relates to frequency conversion. A mechanical resonator is configured to oscillate at a mechanical resonance frequency with a displacement in an axis. An optical resonator includes a first mirror opposite a second mirror in which an optical cavity is formed between. The first mirror is fixed to the mechanical resonator such that the first mirror is moved to change an optical length of the optical cavity according to the displacement of the mechanical resonator. Changing the optical length changes an optical resonance frequency of the optical resonator. A microwave resonator is positioned to move according to the displacement of the mechanical resonator such that moving the mechanical resonator changes a Josephson inductance of the microwave resonator, thereby changing a microwave resonance frequency of the microwave resonator.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting structure includes an epitaxial structure, an N-type electrode pad, a P-type electrode pad and an insulation layer. The N-type electrode pad and the P-type electrode pad are disposed on the epitaxial structure apart, wherein the P-type electrode pad has a first upper surface. The insulation layer is disposed on the epitaxial structure and located between the N-type electrode pad and the P-type electrode pad, wherein the insulation layer has a second upper surface. The first upper surface of the P-type electrode pad and the second upper surface of the insulation layer are coplanar.

Abstract: A laser arrangement has a first optical element, provided and established to convert a first laser beam having a first frequency into a second laser beam having a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is higher than the first frequency, and has a second optical element, which is transmitting for the first laser beam and reflecting for the second laser beam, and which is provided and established to reflect the second laser beam in a direction of reflection. Both the first optical element and the second optical element are movably mounted in such a way that they can be moved relative to a direction of light propagation of the second laser beam.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the invention relates to a microbolometer array for thermal detection of light radiation in a given spectral band, comprising a supporting substrate and an array of microbolometers (300) of given dimensions, arranged in an array. Each of said microbolometers comprises a membrane (301) suspended above said supporting substrate, said membrane consisting of an element (305) for absorbing the incident radiation and a thermometric element (304) in thermal contact with the absorber, electrically insulated from said absorber element. The absorber element comprises at least one first metal/insulator/metal (MIM) structure comprising a multilayer of three superposed films of submicron-order thickness i.e. a first metallic film (311), a dielectric film (310), and a second metallic film (309), said MIM structure being able to have a resonant absorption of said incident radiation at at least one wavelength in said spectral band.

Abstract: A crystalline scintillator body includes a plurality of first crystalline phases and a second crystalline phase in which the plurality of first crystalline phases are present. Each first crystalline phase is a columnar crystal made of a material containing at least one of CsI and RbI, and the second crystalline phase is made of a material containing NaNO3.

Abstract: A laser diode apparatus including a diode laser, optics efficiently collimate the diode laser beam, and a narrow band reflector to provide optical feedback for wavelength stabilization of the diode laser in an extended cavity configuration. The extended cavity laser diode assembly has a low reflectivity coating applied to the front facet, and a narrow-band reflectivity engineered to optimize the output power from the diode laser, leading to power penalty-free operation of the extended cavity laser diode assembly as compared to a free-running diode laser. The extended cavity laser diode assembly can equally applied to a plurality of laser diodes, with either a single or a plurality of optical feedback devices forming the extended cavity configuration.

Abstract: A high brightness, high power laser output is produced using a technique of splitting the outputs of multiple laser diode sources into two polarization states, wavelength combining the first polarization state from the multiple laser diodes, separately wavelength combining the second polarization state from the multiple laser diodes, and recombining the two polarized wavelength combined beams using a polarization combiner.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes a light-emitting region which is made from a stacked structure configured from a first compound semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second compound semiconductor layer, and a light propagation region which is made from the stacked structure, extends from the light-emitting region, and has a light-emitting end surface. The light-emitting region is configured from a ridge stripe structure and ridge stripe adjacent portions positioned at both sides of the ridge stripe structure, and when a thickness of the second compound semiconductor layer in the ridge stripe adjacent portions is set to d1, a thickness of the second compound semiconductor layer in the light propagation region is set to d2, and a thickness of the second compound semiconductor layer in the ridge stripe structure is set to d3, d3>d2>d1 is satisfied.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes a laser medium; a light source that radiates light to the laser medium, thereby exciting the laser medium and raising the temperature thereof; a reflecting unit having a first plane that reflects light within a predetermined wavelength range from light generated by excitation of the laser medium; and an output mirror disposed opposite the reflecting unit, with the laser medium being interposed therebetween, and causing laser oscillation by inducing resonance of the light within a predetermined wavelength range between the first plane and the output mirror. The reflecting unit is configured to be movable between a position in which light resonance is induced between the output mirror and the first plane and the laser apparatus is set to an oscillation state and a position in which the laser apparatus is set to a non-oscillation state.

Abstract: A monolithically integrated optical device. The device has a gallium and nitrogen containing substrate member having a surface region configured on either a non-polar or semi-polar orientation. The device also has a first waveguide structure configured in a first direction overlying a first portion of the surface region. The device also has a second waveguide structure integrally configured with the first waveguide structure. The first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction.

Abstract: A laser includes a total reflective mirror, an output mirror, a discharge lamp, and an active laser medium. The total reflective mirror, the output mirror, and the discharge lamp define a resonant cavity. The active laser medium is filled in the resonant cavity. The total reflective mirror includes a body, a metal film, and at least one microstructure. The at least one microstructure is concaved from a first reflective surface of the total reflective mirror. The at least one microstructure has a depth and a lateral size, and both the depth and the lateral size are in a range from about 0.5? to about 2?, while ? is a working wavelength of the laser.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting element, a first sealing unit that covers the light-emitting element and includes a light-transmissive resin, and a second sealing unit disposed on top of the first sealing unit and includes a light-transmissive resin. The light-transmissive resin of the first and second sealing units contain phosphor of the same type but at different levels of concentration.

Abstract: An optical communications system is disclosed. In the optical communications system, a received light source is modulated in accordance with an electrical signal using an acousto-optic modulator. The acousto-optic modulator modulates an amplitude of the received light source in accordance with an amplitude of the electrical signal. Furthermore, an angle of diffraction of a beam produced by the acousto-optic modulator is a function of a frequency of the electrical signal. The optical communications system is equipped with a waveplate that converts a polarization of the diffracted beam to correspond to the polarization of an undiffracted beam. Improved detection and recovery of the electrical signal may be achieved due to the polarization correspondence between the diffracted beam and the undiffracted beam.

Abstract: A method for generation of electromagnetic radiation has the following method steps: generation of electromagnetic radiation at a useful frequency, division of the electromagnetic radiation into a useful beam and a secondary beam, frequency shift of the electromagnetic radiation of the secondary beam, control of the useful frequency as determined by a manipulated variable, wherein the manipulated variable is derived from the frequency-shifted radiation of the secondary beam.

Abstract: A multi-color harmonic synthesized laser system for laser processing and a laser processing method using multi-color harmonic synthesized laser are disclosed. The multi-color harmonic synthesized laser system includes a laser source for providing a single laser wave, a converter for converting the single laser wave into a plurality of harmonic waves with different frequencies, and a modulating unit for modulating amplitudes and relative phases of the harmonic waves to form a plurality of modulated harmonic waves, so as to synthesize the modulated harmonic waves as a single synthesized laser wave, wherein the single synthesized laser wave is focused on an object to perform a laser processing. The converter includes a plurality of non-linear crystals for converting the single laser wave into a fundamental harmonic wave and a plurality of multi-frequency harmonic waves. The harmonic waves are coherent and collinear, and the phases of the harmonic waves are related to one another.

Abstract: A laser device 1 demultiplexes seed light L0 into a plurality of beams of laser light L1 and then continuously optically amplifies the plurality of beams of the laser light L1 with an amplifier 14. Therefore, its amplification factor can be set higher than that in the case of amplifying pulsed laser light. When producing multiplexed light L3 by multiplexing the beams of the amplified laser light L1 with a diffraction grating 16, respective phases of the beams of the laser light L1 are controlled such that an output peak of the multiplexed light L3 repeatedly appears at a converging position P1 at a predetermined time interval. This produces pulsed laser light at the converging position P1 from a plurality of beams of laser light L2 amplified at a high amplification factor. Hence, this laser device 1 can produce pulsed laser light with a high output.

Abstract: Optical pulse source comprising optical pump laser for generating optical pump pulses at repetition rate Rf; a nonlinear optical element comprising an optical fiber for generating supercontinuum pulses; a gating device provided operable to selectively control the launch of pump pulses into the optical fiber at a reduced, lower repetition rate Rr=Rf/N in order to generate supercontinuum pulses at different user selectable repetition rates lower than the pump pulse repetition rate; first and second optical amplifiers; wavelength tunable optical bandpass filter; wherein the optical fiber can generate supercontinuum pulses having a supercontinuum spanning from below 450 nm to greater than 2000 nm; and wherein said optical pulse source comprises an all-fiber source wherein said optical pump laser comprises a fiber oscillator, said gating device comprises a fiber coupled optical modulator, and the optical pump pulses are launched into the optical fiber without the use of free space optics.

Abstract: A pulsed laser system may include a Raman fiber that is configured to act as multiple wavelength Raman laser. The fiber is configured to receive a pulsed input beam from an input source and convert the input beam to an output beam having narrow band outputs at first and second frequencies v1 and v2.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a tunable laser module including a light gain area unit for outputting an optical signal; an optical distributor for separating the optical signal output from the light gain area unit; two comb reflection units for reflecting a part of optical signals separated by the optical distributor and allow a part of the optical signals to penetrate; two phase units for changing phases of the optical signals penetrating the two comb reflection units; an optical coupler for combining the optical signals of which the phases are changed by the two phase units; and an optical amplifier for amplifying the optical signal combined by the optical coupler, wherein the light gain area unit oscillates a laser by totally reflecting the optical signals reflected by the two comb reflection units.

Abstract: An optical system includes an electrically pumped laser light source and an optically pumped laser light source. An optical switch is located in a light path of the electrically pumped laser light source such that when the optical switch is in a first position light from the electrically pumped laser light source is directed toward the optically pumped laser light source and when the optical switch is in a second position light from the electrically pumped laser light source is directed away from the optically pumped laser light source.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes a master oscillator capable of outputting a laser beam having a spectrum that includes at least three wavelength peaks, a multi-wavelength oscillation control mechanism capable of controlling energy of each of the wavelength peaks, a spectrum detecting unit that detects the spectrum of the above-mentioned laser beam, and a controller that controls the multi-wavelength oscillation control mechanism based on a detection result detected by the spectrum detecting unit.

Abstract: A light source system for delivery of light including a light source having an output arranged to emit light in an output path, the output path including an unguided section and an at least partially transmissive optical component wherein the optical component provides at least one residual reflection when the system is in use and a detector system is arranged to detect said residual reflection. The detector is in one embodiment arranged to produce at least one feedback response arranged to stabilize the optical output of the light source system. Hereby a feedback may be implemented with little or no reduction of performance.

Abstract: Processing of incoherent electromagnetic radiation is described, said incoming incoherent electromagnetic radiation comprising radiation in a first wavelength interval. An arrangement comprises a focusing arrangement for focusing the incoming incoherent electromagnetic radiation, a first cavity configured to comprise an intra cavity laser beam, a nonlinear crystal arranged in the first cavity such that it is capable of receiving the focused incoherent electromagnetic radiation and, in dependence on the spatial overlap between the focused incoherent electromagnetic radiation and the intra-cavity laser beam, by interaction with the intra-cavity laser beam provide processed electromagnetic radiation, said processed electromagnetic radiation comprising radiation in a second wavelength interval. In other words, such an arrangement is capable of enabling imaging, e.g.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a laser oscillator equipped with a first optical resonator, a plurality of second optical resonators including input portions respectively connected in parallel to the first optical resonator, a plurality of light extraction units configured to extract a light beam from an output portion of each second optical resonator, and a light multiplexing unit configured to multiplex the light beam extracted from each light extraction unit, wherein the light source apparatus causes the light multiplexing unit to output a multiplexed light beam passed through the plurality of second optical resonators, an optical member having refractive index dispersion and an optical amplification medium are disposed in each of the plurality of second optical resonators, and the optical amplification media of the plurality of second optical resonators are different from each other in maximum gain wavelength.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a light-emitting device having a peak wavelength that varies depending on a value of a drive current, and illuminates a document with illumination light from the light-emitting device. A light receiving unit receives a light reflected from the document when the illumination light is emitted from the light-emitting device, and converts the received reflected light into image data at a predetermined sensitivity depending on the wavelengths of the received light. A current drive circuit supplies the drive current to turn on the light-emitting device. A wavelength distribution control unit produces two or more durations each having a different value of the drive current by controlling the current drive circuit during each main scanning to the document to produce two or more durations each having a different peak wavelength in each main scanning.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a laser system and a light sensor system. The laser system is associated with a housing and configured to generate a first laser beam and direct the first laser beam toward a surface of an object in which the surface has a plurality of quantum dots. The first laser beam is configured to cause the plurality of quantum dots to generate light. The laser system is further configured to generate a second laser beam and direct the second laser beam toward the light generated by the plurality of quantum dots. The second laser beam is configured to amplify a portion of the light generated by the plurality of quantum dots. The light sensor system is associated with the housing and configured to detect the portion of the light to form data.