Abstract: A current detector (130) is connected between the negative output terminal (-) of a high voltage DC power source (9) and the ground; the current detector (130) comprises a core (12) which is electrostatically shielded by a grounded conductive cover (15), a coil (11) wound around the core (12) and connected in series between the negative output terminal (-) and an electrode (4b) of a gas laser (1), and a Hall device (13) which is magnetically coupled to the core (12) and sends its output signal to a control signal input terminal (91) of the high voltage DC power source (9) so as to control high voltage output power of the latter.

Abstract: This invention is an improvement on U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,999, titled, "Laser Apparatus Utilizing a Magnetically Enhanced Electrical Discharge." That patent describes a method of forming a thin, flat discharge (slab discharge) bounded by two facing surfaces where a magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the surfaces. This invention teaches that it is possible to improve the stability of the slab discharge by adding an AC electric field perpendicular to the facing surfaces.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wiggler having a cylindrical member, and a central member disposed axially within the cylindrical member, both of which are formed from alternating cylindrical sections of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic material, each sequential pair of these sections being the length of the wiggler's period .lambda..sub.w. The sequence of sections between the inner and outer members is shifted .lambda..sub.w /2, so that ferromagnetic sections of the outer member are disposed radially opposite non-ferromagnetic sections of the inner member, and vice versa. The resultant radial magnetic flux density in the cylindrical gap between the members is larger and sharper than the flux density for the same wiggler without the central member, permitting higher radiated power output, at higher radiation frequencies, for the same energy of input electron beam.

Abstract: At least one coil (32) is located on an exterior side face (30) of a frame (12) of a ring laser gyroscope (10) such that a significant component of the magnetic field generated by the coil is colinear with the plasma discharge of the gyroscope, and by which dispersion equalization of the gyroscope can be effected. The coil may be supported by a magnetically permeable annular bobbin (40), which is set about a mirror (26) on side face (30) and which may be partly set within grooves in the side face, to reduce the current necessary to effect dispersion equalization and to provide shielding of the mirror from the effects of tangential and transverse fields, and to increase the shielding effects for the mirror, both from Faraday rotator magnets (16) and from external magnetic fields. For those mirrors where no coils are present, the annular bobbins are used solely for their shielding properties.

Abstract: In an ion laser generator, an electromagnet must produce a sufficiently strong magnetic field throughout the length of the bore where plasma must be converged, and the magnetic field intensity at the end surface of the cathode must not exceed a certain limit. If the magnetic field intensity at the cathode is too strong, the plasma is converged on an area of the cathode and destroys the cathode at the area. A magnetic shield member is provided at an end surface of the electromagnet facing to the cathode for shielding the cathode surface from the leakage flux.

Abstract: A magnetic device attached to a ring laser gyro is used to prevent undesirable operating conditions in a ring laser gyro. Undesirable operating conditions occur when the ring laser gyro operates at specific wavelengths. The magnetic device used with the ring laser gyro creates a magnetic field that suppresses the operation at those specific wavelengths so that the undesirable operating conditions are removed.

Abstract: A transverse type gas laser oscillator includes a receptacle for containing a gas as a laser medium, a pair of electrodes disposed to be parallel to each other on opposite sides of the receptacle so that an electric field is established for generation of AC discharge when a high-frequency voltage is applied to them, and a pair of permanent magnets disposed so as to form a magnetic field intersecting a direction of the electric field established between the electrodes, or a pair of coils excited by a DC voltage. Consequently, ionization of the gas excited by the electric field is increased by the magnetic field.

Abstract: A compact high power magnetic compression apparatus and method for delivering high voltage pulses of short duration at a high repetition rate and high peak power output which does not require the use of environmentally unacceptable fluids such as chlorofluorocarbons either as a dielectric or as a coolant, and which discharges very little waste heat into the surrounding air. A first magnetic switch has cooling channels formed therethrough to facilitate the removal of excess heat. The first magnetic switch is mounted on a printed circuit board. A pulse transformer comprised of a plurality of discrete electrically insulated and magnetically coupled units is also mounted on said printed board and is electrically coupled to the first magnetic switch. The pulse transformer also has cooling means attached thereto for removing heat from the pulse transformer. A second magnetic switch also having cooling means for removing excess heat is electrically coupled to the pulse transformer.

Abstract: The free electron laser wiggler has therein a device for generating a variable short period wiggler field. A Type II superconducting material is formed into a field modifying means having a channel therein through which a beam of free electrons travels. The field modifying means is held within a vacuum chamber further having a source of external magnetic fields therein and a cooling means therein. The magnetic field generated must fall within the upper and lower critical magnetic field of the Type II superconducting material. The magnetic field penetrates the superconducting material generating a mixed state of superconducting and normal regions. The amplitude and period of the wiggler field in this structure can be controlled by varying the temperature, applied magnetic field, and the impurity concentration in the superconducting material to affect the fluxoid lattice. The electron beam interacting with this wiggler field outputs short wavelength radiation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating high intensity electrostatic fields for accelerating an electron beam. At least one thin dielectric film is charged on opposite faces thereof with charges of a like polarity. A near-relativistic beam is directed at the charged dielectric film in an area where the electrostatic field created by the surface charges is the greatest. The near relativistic electron beam is radially accelerated by the electrostatic field, generating free electron laser radiation. Electrostatic fields of different polarities or directions are utilized to accelerate the near relativistic electron beam in opposite directions. The radiation generated from each electrostatic field beam interaction is cumulative. Means are provided for charging the dielectric films with the surface charge of the same polarity to generate each electrostatic field.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stabilizing laser light wavelength relative to resonant optical absorption works with both continuous wave and pulsed lasers and employs the phenomenon of Zeeman energy level splitting to provide a error signal indicative of both the direction and magnitude of wavelength error.A laser system including a wavelength adjusting means produces laser light at a wavelength which differs by an adjustable amount from a resonant absorption wavelength of a selected substance. A first portion of the laser light is propagated through a right circular polarizing means to provide right circularly polarized (RCP) laser light. RCP laser light is propagated through a first volume occupied by the selected substance, said first volume being disposed in a magnetic field. The magnetic field vector is substantially parallel to the direction of laser light propagation within the first volume.

Abstract: The optical modulator of the invention comprises an electro-optic material or magneto-optic material EOD which modulates optical energy in accordance with an applied electromagnetic waveform. The electromagnetic waveform impressed in the EOD is controlled by a light activated switch, or switches, which varies the magnitude of the electromagnetic waveform to the EOD by switching portions of a transmission line (of which the EOD forms all or at least a part of the dielectric) in or out. The switch, or switches, may be configured between segments of one of the conductors of the transmission line and may overlay the electro-optic dielectric material. The transmission line may include a plurality of sections, each charged to a selected voltage, so that when switched by said light activated switches, the electromagnetic waveform to the EOD is controlled. When used in a laser cavity, the optical modulator can control the output of the laser cavity in response to optical input control signals.

Abstract: An insertion device for extracting polarized electromagnetic energy from a beam of particles is disclosed. The insertion device includes four linear arrays of magnets which are aligned with the particle beam. The magnetic field strength to which the particles are subjected is adjusted by altering the relative alignment of the arrays in a direction parallel to that of the particle beam. Both the energy and polarization of the extracted energy may be varied by moving the relevant arrays parallel to the beam direction. The present invention requires a substantially simpler and more economical superstructure than insertion devices in which the magnetic field strength is altered by changing the gap between arrays of magnets.

Abstract: A gas laser oscillator according to the present invention comprises an ion laser tube provided with a capillary tube and an anode and a cathode as discharging electrodes disposed at its ends, plasma focusing electromagnets to generate the magnetic field for plasma focusing disposed around the ion laser tube, and a pair of optical resonance mirrors disposed at both ends of the ion laser tube, and is characterized by that the magnetic field strength at the cathode end face is set to 100 gauss or less and that the diameter of the lines of magnetic flux at the cathode end face is made to be smaller than the diameter of the capillary tube at the capillary tube end face.

Abstract: A ring laser gyro comprising a ring laser gyro block having a gain bore filled with a gain medium and apparatus for transmitting RF energy embedded within the ring laser gyro block proximate to the gain bore. The RF energy apparatus may be located so as to encompass the gain bore. Apparatus for providing RF energy is connected to the RF energy transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: A ring laser has a cavity formed by only three elements. The first element is a concave mirror (11) which is wholly reflective to the cavity radiation but is transmissive to pump wavelength radiation. The third element is a concave mirror (13) which provides the output from the cavity. The second element is a gain element in the form of a rod (12) located in a constant axially-aligned magnetic field from a permanent magnet (14). The end faces (12A,12B) of the rod (12) are Brewster angled and additionally one such face (12B) is tilted or wedged by up to 5.degree. to make the cavity non-planar. The rod (12) is made of a material exhibiting the Faraday effect.

Abstract: The laser synchrotron source (LSS) utilizes a high peak power or high average power laser to generate within a vacuum chamber a laser beam travelling in one direction to interact with an electron beam traveling in an opposite direction in order to generate high-power x-rays. A ring resonator formed by a plurality of mirrors directs the laser beam in a closed loop to impact with the electron beam to produce x-rays. Concave mirrors in the ring resonator focus the laser beam upon the point where the laser beam interacts with the electron beam to intensify the laser energy at that point. When a radio frequency linear accelerator (rf linac) is used to produce the electron beam, x-rays having a short pulse length are generated. When a betatron is used as an electron source, x-rays having a long pulse length are generated.

Abstract: A free electron laser with an advanced wiggler. The wiggler is suitable for creating a transverse magnetic field with two periodicities (P1, P2). This thereby results in the emission spectrum being significantly reduced.

Abstract: A device and method for generating and guiding an electric discharge current including a first electrode, a second electrode and a material arranged between the first and second electrodes. The device and method involve the use of a laser for generating photons having energies equal to the energy between two excited electronic states of the material. The photons fill a region of the material from the first electrode through the material to the second electrode, ionizing the region of the material between the first and second electrodes. A voltage generating unit connected to the first and second electrodes applies a voltage between the first and second electrodes thereby generating the electric discharge which follows an ionized path in the region between the first and second electrodes. A solenoid is arranged around the housing so that the magnetic field which it produces is oriented approximately along the ionized path, thereby providing improved confinement of the electric discharge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pumping a coolant through a laser cavity to cool the laser. The apparatus has a titanium housing and a casing containing a rotatable titanium hollow shaft. A titanium impeller is located at one end of the shaft within the housing and rotates with the shaft to pump the fluid through a laser. Disposed within casing and attached to the shaft are a plurality of permanent magnets. External to the casing are stator windings through which current flows to create a magnetic field that rotates the permanent magnets, shaft and impeller. When the impeller is rotated, the coolant is passed through the housing and to the laser. The impeller also forces the fluid passing through the shaft and into the casing to cool and lubricate the pump. The magnets are encased in a titanium sleeve attached to the titanium shaft to prevent the coolant from contacting with the magnets.

Abstract: A laser modulator (10) having a low voltage assembly (12) with a plurality of low voltage modules (14) with first stage magnetic compression circuits (20) and magnetic assist inductors (28) with a common core (91), such that timing of the first stage magnetic switches (30b) is thereby synchronized. A bipolar second stage of magnetic compression (42) is coupled to the low voltage modules (14) through a bipolar pulse transformer (36) and a third stage of magnetic compression (44) is directly coupled to the second stage of magnetic compression (42). The low voltage assembly (12) includes pressurized boxes (117) for improving voltage standoff between the primary winding assemblies (34) and secondary winding (40) contained therein.

Abstract: A circuit and method for excitation of electric discharge gas lasers is provided. The circuit includes a pair of electrodes, a main energy storage means for storing electrical energy for the operation of the laser, energy transfer means in the form of saturable inductive elements which are connected in series coupling a terminal of the main energy storage means with one of the electrodes, and for transferring the electrical energy thereto in the form of a discharge voltage pulse. A switching means in series with a secondary energy storage means is connected between the saturable inductive elements and connected in parallel with the main energy storage means and the electrodes. The switching means is operable in one mode to allow the passage of current and operable in another mode to prevent the passage of current across the switching means. The circuit also includes a first preionizer for producing ionizing radiation; and, a second preionizer for producing ionizing radiation.

Abstract: A split gain multi-mode ring laser gyroscope is disclosed having a radio frequency excitation induction coil which also serves the magnetic mode suppression system, suppressing undesirable modes of the gain curve to achieve the split gain effect. The induction coil serves as an important common component of both the gain medium excitation and mode suppression systems. The induction coil is suitably configured to carry both AC and DC signals.

Abstract: A gas laser apparatus in which a gas medium in a case and a lubricant for bearings supporting a blower for circulating the gas medium are isolated from each other, so that the lubricant can be prevented from mixing into the gas medium while no substantially large resistance is applied to the blower drive. To isolate the gas medium and the lubricant, magnetic fluid shaft seals (10, 11) are used for sealing between the lubricant for the bearings (6) for supporting rotation shafts (3a, 3b) of the blower (3) and the gas medium in the case (1).

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation amplification device comprising an electron gun for introducing a stream of electrons into an electron drift tube/wavequide in which an axial magnetic field and a wiggler magnetic field have been induced to impart a helical gyration to the electrons as they travel parallel to the tube. The axial, or guide, magnetic field is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of propagation of the electrons if the electrons have a right handed helical gyration and is directed in the direction of propagation of the electrons if the electrons have a left handed helical gyration.

Abstract: A high quality small-sized polarization independent optical isolator for use in an optical fiber communication system, wherein a pair of magneto-optical elements having Faraday rotation angle of 45.+-.5 are contained in permanent magnets and arranged between a pair of birefringent crystal plates for splitting and combining an optical path of a laser light, and two polarizers arranged in parallel as being bounded on the midpoint of separated optical paths are interposed between the pair of magneto-optical elements, whereby a degree of worsening the optical isolation can be kept minimum against variations of an environmental temperature and wave length.

Abstract: In a discharge excitation gas laser device such as an excimer laser device provided with laser medium gas and a pair of electrodes opposite to each other in a gas-tight vessel, the laser medium gas is discharge-excited while inverting the polarity of a DC pulse voltage applied to the pair of electrodes opposite to each other for every pulse. In this way distribution of atoms and ions constituting the laser medium gas in the discharge region including the neighborhood of the main electrodes is made uniform even at a high repetition rate oscillation. Thus it is possible to realize a discharge excitation gas laser device having a good stability of DC pulse discharge without increasing unnecessarily the flow speed of the laser medium gas and no lowering in the pulse energy owing to a high efficiency operation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an undulator, namely a device generating a transverse magnetic field polarized alternatively North-South and South-North along the path of an electron beam and enabling the direct conversion, in a free electron laser, of a part of the energy of a beam of relativistic electrons into light energy. The undulator comprises a conductor forming, along the path of the electron beam, undulations that wholly or partially induce the transverse magnetic field. To increase the light efficiency, it consists in providing for auxiliary current bypass connectors on said conductor. These auxiliary connectors enable the modulation of the transverse magnetic field as a function of the changing characteristics of the high frequency electrical field which increases during the arrival of a packet of electrons in the optical cavity of the laser owing to the energy yielded by these electrons.

Abstract: A gas laser of the excimer type in which an open waveguide is employed, in which the excimer medium is moved to and through the open waveguide in a direction transverse to the optical axis. A discharge cell is defined by the upper and lower slabs of the open waveguide, and if desired, a microwave source is provided which supplies microwave energy to the discharge cell volume to excite the excimer medium and to initiate discharge.

Abstract: A high temperature laser solenoid incorporates a combination of thermally and electrically insulating components to replace and to exceed the operating limits of epoxy encapsulation which solenoid is used in cooperation with a mechanically driven cooling air flow. The solenoid construction includes a layer of high temperature resistant, electrical insulation assembled on an aluminum bobbin adapted for coil winding so as to create a solenoid. High temperature insulated magnet wire is wound into a coil on the bobbin and the coil is covered with an additional high temperature resistant, electrically insulating film layer. Wire leads are passed through notches formed through the insulation barrier and the bobbin flanges and the solenoid is covered by an intimately contacting preformed heat conductive tubular casing.

Abstract: HSFS's or magic spheres are adapted for use in periodic permanent magnet uctures to derive magnetic fields of greater uniformity and average magnitude perpendicularly across an axis along which charged particles are directed in devices, such as radiation sources.

Abstract: In a gas laser apparatus including a gas laser tube having a plasma tube between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode, and a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field through the central hole of said plasma tube, the radius of the central hole is configured so as to avoid ion bombardment by confining the ionized plasma within the magnetic flux passing through the cathode electrode. For practical purposes the central hole is tapered, at least near the entrance thereof, with its radius larger than that of the magnetic flux entering the central hole, thereby substantially eliminating sputtering by ion plasma at the entrance end and on the inner wall of the plasma tube.

Abstract: A gas laser is designed with the following features: The laser is a slab laser, in which a plasma space (5) of a limited height is formed for the laser-active plasma between mutually opposing surfaces (11, 21) of two wall parts (10, 20); the wall parts (10, 20) are components of a coupling chamber with at least one coupling wall (30), which is connected to at least one distribution chamber (40,), whereby by injecting the high-frequency energy through the coupling wall (30), the gas plasma is activated in the desired manner over its entire length. The high-frequency energy for exciting the plasma lies in the gigahertz range, for which a magnetron is used, for example.

Abstract: Laser emissions are stabilized at a plurality of frequencies by passage tugh an absorbing medium pumped by light, merged therewith, to an excited energy state corresponding to pumping light frequencies. Error signals are generated in response to detection of intensity of radiation exiting the absorbing medium which deviates from that of the laser emissions at the stabilizing frequencies to correctively adjust resonant cavity length of the laser generator being frequency stabilized.

Abstract: A method of modulating an oxygen-iodine laser comprises applying an external magnetic field having an intensity of up to 800 A.cm.sup.-1 to the active zone of the laser and, at the same time, changing the magnetic field intensity to change the output power of the laser.

Abstract: An improved free electron laser is described. The laser comprises an accelerator arranged in order to emit an electron beam along a laser emission line and a circuit loop including a curved line which traces a periodic function along a line parallel with said laser emission line in order to produce a periodic magnetic field along said laser emission line. The periodical circuit is made of a superconducting material, so that the periodical length thereof is made as shown as 100 microns without compromising the strength of the magnetic field induced by the circuit. In another embodiment of the invention, a free electron laser is disclosed where an accelerator is arranged to emit an electron beam along a laser emission line and a plurality of coils are arranged alongside and in substantial parallel with the emission line in order that adjacent coils induce magnetic fields in opposite directions.

Abstract: A saturable reactor comprising a magnetic core (1) having an annular or an elongated race-track configuration, an electrical insulator (6) disposed around the magnetic core and a conductor winding (3) wound around the insulator (6). A coolant duct (7) is provided in the insulator to extend radially transversely across the magnetic core and having a radially separated inlet and outlet (8,9). A saturable reactor may comprises an annular magnetic core (51), a conductor winding including a first conductor (55) surrounded by the magnetic core (51) and a second conductor (56) disposed around the magnetic core and connected to the first conductor (55) through a load. A control winding (54) extends through the first and second conductors (55,56), and at least one of the first and second conductors (55,56) has a notch or a through hole (57,59) for insulatingly receiving the control winding (54) therein.

Abstract: In the disclosed laser system, electrodes establish discharge channels between and parallel to the surfaces of an open two-dimensional waveguide. An optical resonator forms an axis transverse to the channels between the surfaces. An electromagnetic arrangement forms an alternating magnetic field transverse to the discharges and the axis to produce a back-and-forth magnetic force on the discharge current flow and create a time-average homogeneity of the discharge in the waveguide cavity. A circulating arrangement cools and circulates laser gas through the cavity parallel to the discharge channels.

Abstract: A tunable, single-frequency, solid-state ring laser includes a solid-state laser material pumped by laser-diode light and at least one additional external piece which reflects the intra-cavity lasing light in a closed loop such that the plane of polarization is changed in an appropriate amount to compensate for magneto-optic change (Faraday rotation) of the plane of polarization, which occurs either inside the solid-state material or in one of the external pieces which traversed by the intra-cavity lasing beam. At least one of the external elements has the ability to change the optical path length of the intra-cavity lasing beam in order to tune the laser frequency by means of mechanical movement, electro-optic properties, magneto-optic properties, or some combination of the above properties.

Abstract: A microwiggler assembly produces large magnetic fields for oscillating ched particle beams, particularly electron beams for free electron laser (FEL) application. A tube of electrically conductive material is formed with radial slots axially spaced at the period of the electron beam. The slots have alternate 180.degree. relationships and are formed to a maximum depth of 0.6 to 0.7 times the tube circumference. An optimum slot depth is selected to eliminate magnetic quadrupole fields within the microwiggler as determined from a conventional pulsed wire technique. Suitable slot configurations include single slits, double slits, triple slits, and elliptical slots. An axial electron beam direction is maintained by experimentally placing end slits adjacent entrance and exit portions of the assembly, where the end slit depth is determined by use of the pulsed wire technique outside the tube.

Abstract: Preionization is important for the generation of a homogeneous glow discharge in the gas space of a laser chamber between laser electrodes. TE type excimer lasers operate especially with X-ray preionization, for which high voltage pulses are needed. According to the present invention, the voltage pulses are obtained by means of an auxiliary circuit that includes a branch which is connected in parallel with a high voltage switch or with the laser discharge gap and which incorporates a saturable magnetic inductance and the primary winding of a high voltage pulse transformer connected in series therewith. The high voltage triggering pulses for the preionization element, which is an X-ray tube in particular, are generated in the secondary winding of the transformer. If the branch is connected in parallel with the high voltage switch it also has a series capacitor. If it is in parallel with the laser discharge gap then the branch has a shunt capacitor.

Abstract: A pulsed power modulator provides high current pulses having fast rise and fall times to the solenoid of a Q-switched chemical laser.

Abstract: A preinoization device, in particular for X-ray preionization in discharge-pumped gas lasers, especially excimer lasers, is connected to a pulse generating network of an excitation circuit for gas lasers. A high voltage pulse transformer has a primary winding connected between a storage capacitor and a high-voltage switch in the pulse generating network. The pulse transformer emits preionizing pulses on the secondary side that lead to the firing of the laser glow discharge for a preionizing device, in particular an X-ray tube. The pulse transformer is constructed for this purpose as a saturable magnetic inductor with at least one secondary winding. If the high voltage switch is closed, when the pulse transformer is unsaturated its primary winding has its maximum inductance, so that there will be a secondary side voltage pulse at this time because of the law of induction.

Abstract: A gas discharge tube for a gas laser includes a discharge chamber having a first end and a second end. A cathode is mounted near the first end in a cathode region of the discharge chamber and an anode is mounted near the second end. An electromagnet induces an axial magnetic field within the discharge region, and a pole piece is mounted on the end of the electromagnet adjacent the cathode region. By using a pole piece for attenuating the axial magnetic field in the cathode region, a significant reduction in 60-60 Hz modulation of the light beam is realized, as well as a reduction of sputtering in the throat region of the discharge tube, additionally, the cathode placement relative to the throat region may be optimized leading to an increase in plasma tube efficiency. In addition, a second pole piece is mounted on the end of the electromagnetic coil, adjacent the anode region, for attenuating the axial magnetic field inside the anode region after the discharge reaches the anode.

Abstract: A free electron laser having an electron source, and an electron accelerator and providing an electrode beam along with a magnetic wiggler traversed by the electron beam and mirrors on each side of the wigglers characterized in such a way that the electron accelerator has a coaxial structure formed by an external conductor and an internal conductor. A high frequency source supplies the cavity of the coaxial structure with an electromagnetic field at the resonant frequency. The radial component of the field has a maximum in at least one plane which is perpendicular to the axis with the external conductor and the internal conductors of the cavity having diametrically opposed openings located in the plane in order to introduce the electron beam into the cavity. An electron deflector deflects the beam which has traversed the cavity along a particular diameter while keeping the beam in the aforementioned plane and then reinjecting the beam back into the cavity along another diameter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic assembly setting up a helical field of variable amplitude along the axis of the helix, using permanent magnets. The disclosed device is a wiggler with adiabatic insertion for application to free electron lasers and, for this use, it has advantages of simplicity of construction and implementation.

Abstract: A laser structure utilizes air cooling and RF induction excitation of a gaseous active medium. A means for exciting the active medium is provided including a switching power supply utilizing pulse width modulated switching to provide an RF energy output. The RF output is coupled to a tank circuit which comprises a capacitor, an inductor, and at least one coupling structure. A means for generating a magnetic field-along the axial length of the laser bore is provided and can comprise either permanent magnets or a DC source coupled to the coupling structure. The laser further includes means for dissipating heat from the laser bore by utilizing the coupling structures as convective cooling fins with forced air circulated thereabout.

Abstract: Laser diode array fabrication is facilitated by provision of a monolithic substrate with one or more grooves of the same approximate depth and width as laser diodes secured therein. A metallization layer is provided in the grooves, and the laser diodes secured in the grooves thereafter. Depending on the size of the original substrate being used for the laser array mount, one or more submounts may be formed by cutting the substrate. Additionally, insertion of the laser diodes into the grooves may be facilitated by flexure of the substrate from the bottom, thus separating the groove walls at the top.

Abstract: A monolithic Nd:glass nonplanar ring laser and method for determining optimal nonplanar ring oscillator geometry for a monolithic nonplanar ring oscillator, including an arrangement for determining for a given material of a specific index of refraction and an accompanying angle of incidence the most suitable geometry for creating a monolithic nonplanar ring oscillator out of said material to produce unidirectional operation with simultaneous high differential loss and lowest overall loss. The index of refraction and angle of incidence being within a predefined range. The geometries include four, five and six bounce monolithic nonplanar ring oscillators.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave device having an amplification function comprises a medium containing free carriers, means for applying a magnetic field to the medium, means for applying an input electromagnetic wave to the medium in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, and means for generating an electric field to accelerating the carriers in the direction of the input electromagnetic wave. A frequency of the input electromagnetic wave is within the range of the plasma frequency plus or minus the cyclotron frequency, and a polarization direction of the input electromagnetic wave is perpendicular both to the magnetic field and its own traveling direction. Furthermore, the device has such functions as oscillation, modulation, frequency conversion, etc. depending on the type of added units.