Abstract: An apparatus for processing coating material includes a crucible having a receptacle for receiving coating material, a drive member having a drive shaft, a cover coupled to the drive shaft, and a flame nozzle opposing the receptacle. The cover includes an inner chamber, a first through hole and a number of second through holes. The first through hole and the second through holes communicate with the inner chamber. The cover has a flat surface with the second through holes exposed at the flat surface. The drive shaft drives the cover to rotate between a closed position where the cover covers the receptacle and the flat surface presses against the coating material to flatten the coating material, and an open position where the cover is moved away from the receptacle. The flame nozzle sprays flame from the second through holes through the first through hole to heat the coating material.

Abstract: The use of blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) based on sintered tin oxide for producing the throat of a glass furnace.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to provide a means of also cooling the lower part of electric arc furnaces and/or resistance furnaces. To this end, said lower part—the actual melting vessel (4)—is surrounded with a jacket (9) at a certain distance, forming a shell, and the resulting intermediate space is configured as a cooling device (10) and subjected to the action of a cooling medium (14).

Abstract: A method and crucible for annealing SiC at high temperatures. The crucible s a vessel having a peripheral wall, at least two compartments separated by an inner wall within the peripheral wall and a lid which separates the compartments from the crucible surroundings while providing a passageway between the compartments. The peripheral wall, inner wall and lid are composed of materials capable of withstanding annealing temperatures. The process disposes an SiC wafer in one of the compartments and SiC powder disposed in another of the compartments. The SiC powder is present to hinder SiC wafer decomposition during annealing of the SiC wafer. The crucible is then heated to a temperature sufficient anneal the SiC wafer, preferably after evacuating air and flowing an inert gas in and around the crucible.

Abstract: In the manufacturing of high melting point glasses with volatile components, in particular of glasses from the group of boron glasses and borosilicate glasses, a furnace is provided that has a superstructure, fossil fuel burners, and a melting tank. In front of a conditioning zone and a throat leading to an extraction zone, a step-shaped raised area in the bottom is provided which is formed continuously over the complete width of the melting tank. In order to suppress segregation or, respectively, phase separation, to protect the furnace construction materials and to enable problem-free operation, a temperature of at least 1600.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat-treating a material at high temperatures wherein the material from which the bottom of a furnace chamber is made forms a eutectic with the material to be heat-treated, and does so at a temperature lower than the heat treatment temperature. A part of the furnace chamber bottom, which part can include the whole or a portion of the furnace chamber bottom, and on which the material to be heat-treated rests is formed at least in part of a material that has the same chemical composition as, or a chemical composition similar to, the chemical composition of the material to be heat-treated. The furnace bottom part on which the material to be heat-treated rests is positioned so that it has no physical contact with the remaining furnace bottom material within the furnace chamber.

Abstract: A method and crucible for annealing SiC at high temperatures. The crucible is a vessel having a peripheral wall, at least two compartments separated by an inner wall within the peripheral wall and a lid which separates the compartments from the crucible surroundings while providing a passageway between the compartments. The peripheral wall, inner wall and lid are composed of materials capable of withstanding annealing temperatures. The process disposes an SiC wafer in one of the compartments and SiC powder disposed in another of the compartments. The SiC powder is present to hinder SiC wafer decomposition during annealing of the SiC wafer. The crucible is then heated to a temperature sufficient anneal the SiC wafer, preferably after evacuating air and flowing an inert gas in and around the crucible.

Abstract: Dual electric/gas heating in a crucible melting furnace with segmental lining, and lining and segments of linings for same, are disclosed.

Abstract: A furnace apparatus and method for the lengthwise graphitization (LWG) of carbon bodies are provided which utilize U-shaped metal furnace sections mounted on stationary rib supports to contain carbon electrode bodies and surrounding thermally insulating pack material. Vertical flues are provided between parallel rows of U-shaped metal furnace sections to accelerate cooling of graphitized electrode bodies and in a further embodiment water droplets are additionally sprayed on the metal furnace sections.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electric arc furnace for the production of steel by melting scrap, in particular iron scrap, and/or sponge iron and/or pig iron as well as fluxes in a furnace vessel, into which at least one graphite electrode projects, which is displaceable in its longitudinal direction, wherein an electric arc is ignited between the graphite electrode and the charging stock. To achieve a particularly high energy input, the graphite electrode projects into a lower part of the furnace vessel from aside and the lower part, in the region of the graphite electrode, has an enlargement radially protruding outwardly relative to the upper part.

Abstract: An inexpensive crucible capable of obtaining a high analytical accuracy is provided. A circular projection is formed in a portion above a portion having an intermediate height on an inner circumferential surface of the graphite crucible to prevent contamination of the sample gases.

Abstract: A direct resistance heating electrical furnace of the type in which a bed of electrically conductive elements are located between two spaced electrodes in the furnace, and a method of controlling the operation of same, are provided. The furnace is of the type having a generally tubular heating chamber with a pair of spaced electrodes associated therewith and conveniently located one at each end of the tubular heating chamber. The furnace has feed or discharge control means and the rate of feed or discharge is controlled according to the electrical resistance or current flow between the electrodes. No temperature measurement is required to control the furnace operation.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating an object such as a nuclear target bundle to release and recover hydrogen and contain the disposable residue for disposal. The apparatus comprises an inverted furnace, a sleeve/crucible assembly for holding and enclosing the bundle, conveying equipment for placing the sleeve onto the crucible and loading the bundle into the sleeve/crucible, a lift for raising the enclosed bundle into the furnace, and hydrogen recovery equipment including a trap and strippers, all housed in a containment having negative internal pressure. The crucible/sleeve assembly has an internal volume that is sufficient to enclose and hold the bundle before heating; the crucible's internal volume is sufficient by itself to hold and enclose the bundle's volume after heating. The crucible can then be covered and disposed of; the sleeve, on the other hand, can be reused.

Abstract: A furnace refractory extraction system and method includes a selectively removable bottom portion which is attached to a refractory extraction device associated with a container for drawing the refractory lining of a coreless induction furnace into the container. A plug portion in the furnace bottom is selectively removable to provide access to a bottom wall of the refractory lining. An opening is made in the bottom wall of the lining through which an extractor shaft is inserted and then attached to the removable bottom portion of the furnace bottom. The other end of the shaft is attached to a piston and cylinder assembly associated with the container at the open end of the furnace. When the piston and cylinder assembly is powered, the lining is drawn into the container.

Abstract: A moveable graphitizing furnace to graphitize several columns of electrodes at the same time in two side by side tanks. The furnace has a metallic cage construction and a covering of firebricks arranged at sight on said cage construction and self-compensating the thermic expansion and the thrust exerted from outside on each column of electrodes to be graphitized. The furnace is further provided with screens protecting the framework and the wheels from heat, air forced cooling system to cool the bottom of the tanks, as well as water circulation cooling system to cool the bus bar electrodes also during the movement of the furnace after the graphitizing process.

Abstract: A refractory heat-insulating graphite sheet material characterized in that the material comprises a graphite sheet.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for producing coke in a vertical furnace having an upper part for preheating and devolitalizing raw ovoids of coal, an electrically heated median part for carbonizing and coking the ovoids and a lower part for partially cooling the coked ovoids by counter current flow of recycled product gases recovered from the upper part of the furnace. A cooling chamber is connected to the lower part of the furnace for further cooling the coked ovoids by countercurrent flow of a portion of the recycled product gases which are withdrawn after flowing through the partially cooled coked ovoids and introduced into the upper part of the furnace to prevent condensation of condensibles contained in the product gases. The median part of the furnace may be electrically heated by electrodes, induction coils or a combination of electrodes and induction coils.

Abstract: Radioactive wastes are treated in a furnace which has electrodes for electric heating. The furnace has at the lower end an outlet for slag material as well as a gas discharge line. Its well is a self-supporting tubular body which is arranged detachably in a metal furnace housing. At the upper end of the well is a line for feeding water. Thereby, carbon-containing waste, possibly also carbon of a carbon bed, is reacted to form water gas (CO+H.sub.2), which is burned after purification in an exhaust gas plant. The outlet of the metal housing has a movable grate.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrically heating conductive bulk materials by resistance Joule effect heating includes end and side walls defining an oven chamber having an inlet and an outlet. A plurality of pairs of generally planar electrode plates are angularly mounted with respect to the opposed end walls of the chamber and are electrically disconnected from one another. The electrode plates mounted to each end wall are disposed at the same angle and are arranged such that the upper edge of each electrode plate is at a different distance from the end wall than the lower edge of the plate, so that the planes of the plurality of electrode plates mounted to each end wall are substantially parallel and vertically displaced from each other. The electrical supply for each pair of electrodes plates is electrically isolated from that of each other pair. The amount of energy supplied to each pair of electrode plates is adjustable.

Abstract: A characteristic feature of the furnace disclosed in the present invention is the presence therein of additional current-carrying elements with the free end thereof sunk relative to the effective area of the furnace brickwork. The elements are connected with the terminals of a power source of the opposite polarity with respect to the connection of the main current-carrying elements of a corresponding operating area.

Abstract: Flat, transparent slabs of vitreous silica of optical quality are produced by melting granular starting material in a vacuum by means of an electrical heating system. The starting material is melted while sustaining a heat flow from the top to the bottom of the crucible. The bottom of the crucible is made permeable to gases. The heat isolation power of the crucible wall increases from the bottom to the top of the crucible.

Abstract: A flexible cover for a carbon bake pit has a flexible, expanded metal backing to which is attached a blanket of insulating ceramic fibers. This construction allows the cover to flex in order to conform to the surface of the material in the pit. Lifting means are attached to the expanded metal backing in a manner so as to permit this flexibility.

Abstract: The deterioration and distortion of the carbonaceous cathode lining of an aluminum reduction cell by freezing of molten cryolitic electrolyte in the lining and its subsequent reaction with sodium intercalated in the carbonaceous lining is substantially reduced by incorporating a composite strata comprised of at least one layer of a high temperature material which is capable of being wetted by molten glass and a layer of ground glass, e.g., cullet, between the carbonaceous lining and an insulating layer of refractory material.

Abstract: Amorphous carbon bodies forming a lengthwise series horizontal string or column 26 are converted to graphite by the Joule effect in a semi-cylindrical metal shell 20 with a refractory lining 22 and containing particulate thermal insulation medium 28. When the conversion to graphite is complete the insulation medium is dumped through the bottom of the metal shell into a hopper 50 and transferred for re-use while hot. Air pollution control is facilitated and energy and capital costs are lowered by specialization of equipment, retention of sensible heat and shorter cycle times, allowing operation with less equipment and higher production rates.

Abstract: A chimney baffle is positioned against a vertical refractory wall extending from a channel through which hot glass is flowing to reduce deterioration of the refractory of the vertical wall.

Abstract: A cupel for the fire assaying of ore samples is provided having an improved configuration comprising a primary hemispherical cavity within which is disposed a secondary hemispherical cavity. The secondary cavity has a radius of curvature no greater than one half that of the primary cavity, and extends in a downward direction beyond the lowest extreme of the primary cavity. A transverse lip serves as an upper ridge for the secondary cavity.

Abstract: A crucible assembly for use in an analytical furnace for the fusion of a sample includes a graphite heating crucible of cylindrical construction having one end open and an enclosed lower end with a positioning member interior to the interior cylindrical wall for receiving and positioning a separate sample holding crucible of cylindrical construction having an open upper end and an enclosed lower end. The heating crucible has an annular upper contact surface for engaging a first electrode and an annular lower contact surface for engaging a second electrode and positions the sample holding crucible in the zone of maximum heat in spaced relationship from the opposite ends of the heating crucible.