Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a high performance heater. In an embodiment, the high performance heater comprises a first stackable tray comprising a first alignment pin that insulates a first heating element disposed in the first stackable tray; a second stackable tray comprising a second alignment pin that insulates a second heating element disposed in the second stackable tray, wherein a top of the first alignment pin fits in to a cut out of a bottom of the second alignment pin when the first and second stackable trays are stacked, and wherein the first and second stackable trays comprise one or more materials, an outer diameter and an inner diameter, and wherein an area between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the stackable trays comprises at least one cut out portion that allows expansion of the material(s) when the high performance heater is at high temperatures.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electric cartridge heater and a method of operation, suitable for use in producing high purity silicon in solar cells or solar modules. The apparatus includes a single-piece elongated heater bar having a length, a first end, and a second end. The apparatus also includes a slot beginning at the first end and running a portion of the length, and the slot dividing the heater bar into a first arm and a second arm. An elbow at the second end joins the first arm and the second arm together. The apparatus also includes a first electrode in electrical communication with the first arm, and a second electrode in electrical communication with the second arm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation apparatus with capability of preventing heat convection, which comprises a blackbody furnace having a cavity therein and an air pressure adjusting unit. The air pressure adjusting unit coupled to the blackbody furnace for adjusting the air pressure of the open end of the cavity according to the temperature difference between the cavity and the outside environment. By means of the design of the present invention, it is capable of preventing heat convection between the cavity and the outside environment by utilizing the air pressure adjusting unit for controlling the air pressure status around the open end of cavity such that the blackbody furnace is stable for services of calibrations and tests.

Abstract: A ceramic heat conductor support disc for supporting an electrical heating element for electrically heated furnace installations. The support disc has a center aperture lying parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heating element, and one or more apertures located between the center aperture and the periphery of the disc. The disc is provided with one or more elongated openings running from the periphery to one of the apertures or to the center aperture, wherein each elongated opening penetrates the entire thickness of the disc.

Abstract: A tin oxide-based electrode formed from a composition comprising a major component SnO2 is disclosed. The composition includes additives including aCuO, bZnO, and cSb2O3, wherein a, b, and c represent weight percentages of respective components, and 0.2?(a+b)/c<1.0.

Abstract: An electric heating element with radiant tube comprising a radiation pipe (1) and an electric heating element (2, 3) contained in said pipe, wherein the heating element has legs that run to and fro in the pipe, and wherein the heating element is connected at one end of the pipe close to a furnace wall with electric power outlets through which electric current is fed to the element, wherein the element is supported in the pipe by ceramic discs (9) that are provided with through-penetrating holes through which the legs of the elements extend, and wherein two elements (2, 3) are disposed sequentially in said radiation pipe along its long axis.

Abstract: A method of supporting vertically hanging electrical resistance elements for heating furnaces or ovens in industrial operations. Each resistance element includes current-conducting legs that extend downward and upward a number of times, and the element includes along its length a number of ceramic discs that are provided with through-holes through which respective element legs extend. The upper part of the element merges with terminals that are connected to a source of electric current. The element is supported by at least one of the uppermost ceramic discs, wherein the uppermost ceramic disc supporting the element is placed in the insulation of the furnace roof above the underside of the roof. The legs of the element are short circuited at a location slightly or somewhat beneath the underside of the furnace roof with the aid of short circuiting plates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical resistance element of the molybdenum silicide type that includes two terminals (1, 2) for the supply of electric current and at least one leg (3) which extends between the terminals and which includes a glow zone. The invention is characterized in that the glow zone has different diameters along different sections (6-11, 14-17) of the leg (3; 4, 5).

Abstract: An electric heater assembly suitable for heating molten metal, the electric heater assembly having a sleeve comprised of a closed end suitable for immersing in the molten metal. The sleeve is fabricated from a composite material comprised of titanium alloy and having an outside surface to be exposed to the molten metal coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal having a sealant metal applied thereto; and an electric heater located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith.

Abstract: An electrically heated furnace includes an inner furnace chamber provided with heating elements of stabilized zirconium dioxide, and an outer furnace chamber in which further heating elements that can work at temperatures above 1800.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere are provided. The outer heating elements are conveniently of a molybdenum silicide type, for instance elements marketed under the designation KANTHAL Super. Those walls that define the inner furnace chamber are made of zirconium dioxide material or some other suitable material that has a low specific thermal conductivity and that is capable of withstanding the high working temperature and the occurrent temperature swings. The outer furnace chamber, which completely surrounds the inner furnace chamber, is separated from the surroundings by conventional walls insulated, e.g., with ceramic fibres and/or high-temperature durable brick.

Abstract: A radiant tube heating assembly for a furnace, which assembly combines the features of a heating element utilizing the latest powder metallurgical technology, improved ceramic spacers and staggered weld joints to thereby enable higher efficiency and heating temperatures. Further, the assembly enables a higher temperature element system, ease of manufacture and reduced failures due to shorts or arc over at the weld joints.

Abstract: In a equipment for manufacturing polycrystal silicon by depositing it on filament cores electrically heated, by means of thermal decomposition of monosilane gas, a bridge for connecting said filament cores is constituted by tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten or zirconium. Preferably the sectional shape of the connection bridge may be of upturned triangle, tear droplet or rectangle.

Abstract: A delivery system is provided for use in conjunction with the metalurgical furnace of the type having an elongated furnace chamber with an access door at one end for delivering a coffin containing parts into the interior of the furnace chamber. The delivery system comprises a plurality of rollers which are secured to the bottom of the furnace chamber so that axes of the rollers extend transversely with respect to the axis of the furnace chamber. In use, the rollers frictionally engage the bottom of the coffin and guide the coffin into the furnace chamber. Preferably, the coffin includes upwardly extending channels on its bottom, and which the rollers are positioned.

Abstract: An electrical resistance furnace which includes a number of electrical resistance heating elements arranged around the sides and surrounding a space containing a crucible or similar container to be heated, the elements being supported at least at their ends by fire-brick material and being surrounded by heat insulation, wherein both ends of each resistance element extend through apertures in the fire-brick material so that by removing part of the heat insulation access may be gained to both ends of the element from the exterior of the furnace to permit removal and repair or replacement of the element.

Abstract: An apparatus replaceably carries an electrical resistance element for a furnace. The electrical element is of serpentine configuration having a plurality of U-shaped portions. At least one plate-shaped carrying element is mechanically fastened in a block of ceramic fibrous material. The carrying element includes a plurality of through-passages into which the U-shaped portions of the electrical element are inserted. The through-passages each include side walls and transverse walls which restrain movement of the electrical element in all directions except a direction in which the electrical element is inserted and removed. The carrying element is spaced from the adjacent curved segments of the U-shaped portions. The electrical element terminates in elongated terminals which are carried by a plug of fibrous ceramic material. The electrical element is situated within a recess of the ceramic block.