Abstract: An apparatus includes an electrode and a first channel segment within the electrode. A second channel segment is within the electrode, wherein the second channel segment is parallel to the first channel segment. A third channel segment is within the electrode. The third channel segment connects the first channel segment and the second channel segment, and the third channel segment includes a continuously smooth radial bend. A heating element is attached to the electrode.

Abstract: A glass-melting electrode has a cooling device. The glass-melting electrode has an electrode body with a blind hole, and the cooling device has a cooling tube which can be inserted into the blind hole in order to feed coolant into the blind hole. The cooling device has a flow distributor with at least three outlet openings. The flow distributor is arranged at an end of the cooling tube which has been inserted into the blind hole, such that coolant flows through the flow distributor into the blind hole.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for melting aluminum uses a dense metal salt of Rubidium, Cesium, or Strontium. The salt is melted by a stinger and then superheated by AC applied to electrodes immersed in the salt. Aluminum in contact with the salt melts and floats on the salt. In continuous scrap melting, inflows and outflows of aluminum are comparable and may be shielded by inert gas. The superheated salt may be purified and may be heated in a separate reservoir and pumped to and from another reservoir containing salt and/or metal. The salt may be used to supplement the heating of an existing furnace.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an electrode has a shaft extending from an electrode head and a cooling passage extending from an open end disposed at an attachment end of the shaft to a closed end disposed within the electrode head.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for melting aluminum uses a dense metal salt of Rubidium, Cesium, or Strontium. The salt is melted by a stinger and then superheated by AC applied to electrodes immersed in the salt. Aluminum in contact with the salt melts and floats on the salt. In continuous scrap melting, inflows and outflows of aluminum are comparable and may be shielded by inert gas. The superheated salt may be purified and may be heated in a separate reservoir and pumped to and from another reservoir containing salt and/or metal. The salt may be used to supplement the heating of an existing furnace.

Abstract: A method for producing a consumable electrode for remelting and an end face cutter for use in the method in which an ingot made in a consumable electrode arc remelting process is used as a material for the consumable electrode, are characterized in that said ingot can be set so that its centerline axis in a longitudinal direction lies horizontally and an end face of said ingot is machined by milling to be flat, the end face being connected with a stub, the stub holding the consumable electrode. In melting the consumable electrode, the present invention makes it easier to machine the bottom face of ingot that is to be mounted onto the stub or to perform conditioning such as cleaning the surface, which results in cutting man-hours and processing steps required for those operations and improving a product yield, thus enabling it to be widely used as a method for producing an ingot by the VAR process and contributing to the development of the relevant technology.

Abstract: A homogeneous electrode of reactive metal alloy comprises an ingot with an axially disposed core made from one induction melted heat of the reactive metal alloy and having a diameter “d” and a length “L” and a body having an outer diameter at least 2 times “d” and a length “L”. The ingot body is disposed about the core, and comprises a plurality of induction melted heats of the reactive metal alloy to provide an electrode of the required size. The electrode also includes features for receiving electrical current for arc remelting of the reactive metal alloy to produce a large homogeneous ingot. Remelting may be conducted under vacuum or controlled atmosphere conditions, as required.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing three dimensional positioning to the ends of one or more translating elements which are normally restricted to translation along the longitudinal axes of the elements. A cartridge assembly including a cylinder at least partially formed of a ceramic element holds the translating element at an angle to the center axis of the cylinder. The cartridge assembly rotates within a cylindrically shaped chamber in a lid assembly. The lid assembly is mounted on the port of a chamber where the translating element is to be positioned, thereby allowing the translating element to extend into the chamber. The center axis of the cylindrical chamber of the lid assembly is at an angle to the center axis of the port of the chamber. A rotational drive unit rotates the cartridge assembly within the lid assembly. A translational drive unit longitudinally drives the translating element within the cartridge assembly.

Abstract: A method and system for synthesizing nanocrystalline material. A system includes a chamber, a nonconsumable cathode shielded against chemical reaction by a working gas not including an oxidizing gas, but including an inert gas, a consumable anode vaporizable by an arc formed between the cathode and the anode, and a nozzle for injecting at least one of a quench and reaction gas in the boundaries of the arc.

Abstract: A nonconsumable water-cooled electrode for electric metal smelting furnaces which includes inner and outer concentric steel tubes defining an annular space therebetween through which cooling water may be passed. A tungsten tip is attached to the tubes at their lower ends. Electric current is introduced through a plurality of copper bars attached to the tungsten tip at one end and to a copper plate at the upper end. The copper plate is adapted to attach the electrode to a suitable electrode carrier. A central pipe is provided through which an inert gas, such as argon, may be passed through the electrode.

Abstract: This invention includes apparatus and method for providing a support mechanism for electrode assemblies including positioning spacer of electrically nonconductive material having an inside surface forming an internal cavity and a heat pipe for passing a heat transfer fluid through the cavity along the inside surface. The heat pipe transfers heat away from the positioning spacer to form a protective layer of frozen bath around the positioning spacer.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing ultrafine particles by arc energy characterized by disposing an electrode inclinedly as to a base material so as to generate a magnetic blow to arc, disposing a suction opening at the direction of the arc blown, and cooling vapors generated, followed by collection thereof can improve the production efficiency of ultrafine particles with a uniform particle size.

Abstract: A direct current arc furnace has at least one anode movable into the furnace interior and at least one cathode also movable from above into the furnace interior, between which cathode and the inserted material or the melt an arc is produced. The anode contains a cooling system in its interior having a controller which cools at least the immersion region of the anode to a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the melt.This furnace device and the anode are utilized in methods for melting and heating of materials with advantage, at least the immersion region of the anode being maintained at a temperature which lies below the temperature of the melt.

Abstract: An automatic facility for the connection of combination arc electrodes to a cooling water circuit, comprising a cooling water coupling device (17) mounted on the supporting arm (3) of the electrode, which on the one hand is connected to cooling water ducts (15, 15') and which on the other hand has openings (19, 19', 19") into which the free ends (21, 21') of cooling water guides (7,8) may be inserted, which are connected to the heat exchanger (1) of the combination electrode. By means of a fixing device (11, 11') mounted e.g. on the ring flange (9) of a contact device which is axially movable on the electrode, these ends of the cooling water guides may be positioned in such a way that, when slipping the electrode down through the clamping device (4) of the supporting arm (3) of the electrode, the free ends (21, 21') automatically assume an angle orientation which makes it possible to neatly insert these ends into the openings (19, 19') of the cooling water coupling device (17).

Abstract: This invention concerns apparatus for selectively connecting an electrode of an electric arc furnace to a source of cooling fluid. The apparatus includes a coupling having passageways extending therethrough for the flow of cooling fluid and comprises at least two separable sections, one such section being connected to receive cooling fluid from the source and the other to convey such cooling fluid to the electrode when coupled to the said one section. Guide means are provided to guide one separable section into close proximity to the other section and to clamp the assembled sections together to connect the electrode to the source of cooling fluid.

Abstract: A composite water-cooled electrode for electric arc steel furnaces comprises a tubular graphite body held in compression by means of tension stressed internal water supply pipe located between a metal header at one end and a hollow metal nipple at the other end of the electrode.

Abstract: An electrode for electric arc furnaces, comprising an upper, metallic, water-cooled section and a lower section of consumable material, such as graphite, is held in its given position by means of an electrode support arm 1,2. The connection elements for electric power and liquid coolant 12, 6, 25 are integrated in the electrode support arm and are designed as plug connections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contact electrode for melting and heating furnaces with DC plasma heating wherein the flow body assures a uniform removal of heat over the entire end surface of the contact electrode, a temperature transmitter signals exceptional thermal loads, and a steel head is metallically connected as wear part to the end surface of the contact electrode.