Abstract: A precious metal source verification system includes a quantity of precious metal being formed into a shape. A quantity of trace elements is imprinted into the shape with the precious metal such that the trace elements are detectible within the shape. The quantity of trace elements defines a signature for the shape. The quantity of trace elements is at least partially destroyed or altered upon melting of the shape wherein the signature is destroyed if the shape is altered. The system provides verification of provenance of the precious metal when the signature is maintained.

Abstract: A heat flow rate measurement method for use with a differential scanning calorimeter sensor is provided. The method includes calculating a heat exchange between a plurality of sample containers and a reference container placed on a plurality of sample calorimeter units and a reference calorimeter unit, respectively, and determining a heat flow rate of samples within the sample containers using the calculated heat exchange between the plurality of sample containers and the reference container. A multiple sample differential scanning calorimeter sensor and calorimeter system are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. The processing device is configured to obtain time-series temperature data from respective temperature sensors arranged at respective different subsurface depths, and for each of a plurality of pairs of the temperature sensors, to compute a cross-correlation of their corresponding time-series temperature data, to compute a time derivative of the cross-correlation, and to generate an estimate of at least one reservoir property based at least in part on the time derivative of the cross-correlation. At least one automated action is performed based at least in part on the generated estimate, such as, for example, controlling an amount of fluid flow into or out of a particular subsurface region. The generated estimates illustratively comprise estimates of subsurface hydraulic diffusivity.

Abstract: Described is a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) instrument capable of performing analyses of multiple samples at the same time. Some embodiments of DSC instruments described herein include a thermal substrate that provides a substantially uniform temperature across a surface of the substrate. A plurality of DSC units is in thermal communication with the substrate, for example, by mounting the units directly to the surface of the substrate. Each DSC unit includes a second thermal substrate for further thermal isolation, and a reference platform and sample platform to receive a reference cell and a sample cell, respectively. A thermoelectric device is disposed between each platform and the second thermal substrate. Optionally, the reference and sample cells may be disposable chips that can be discarded after measurement are performed, thereby reducing or eliminating the need to clean instrument components to prevent cross-contamination for subsequent instrument operation.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to realize a dew point measurement in which the generation of dew condensation is directly detected and the detection can be performed without using any optical system. In particular, the purpose of the present invention is to realize a dew point measuring device that is compact and has a high sensitivity. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a sudden change in current values before and after the dew point is detected by detecting the dew condensation to detect a galvanic current that flows due to a water droplet attached onto a surface of an insulating substrate on which thin wires of dissimilar metals are juxtaposed, and by controlling the temperature on the surface of the substrate. In this way, the dew point measurement in which the dew point can be directly measured and a measurement with simple configuration and high accuracy can be performed can be realized.

Abstract: A defect identification method and an image analysis system are provided. The defect identification method includes the following steps: adjusting a gray level distribution of a first image corresponding to a reference image of a defect on a wafer to generate a second image; capturing a defect of interest image in the second image; analyzing a plurality of pixels of the defect of interest image to obtain a minimum gray level value of the pixels; analyzing the pixels of the second image according to the minimum gray level value, so as to obtain a number of defect of interest pixels and a number of non-defect of interest pixels; dividing the number of defect of interest pixels by the number of non-defect of interest pixels to obtain a proportional value; and determining a defect type of the defect in the first image according to the proportional value.

Abstract: Instrumental analysis systems are provided that can include: an analytical attachment axially aligned with a sample upon a sample stage; structure supporting both the attachment and the sample stage; and at least one band affixed to the analytical attachment and aligned symmetrically about the axis of the attachment. Methods for analyzing samples are provided. The methods can include: providing at least one band supported by a structure; firmly affixing an analytical attachment to the band, and axially aligning the attachment with a sample; and providing a temperature gradient between the band and the sample while maintaining axial alignment of the objective and the sample.

Abstract: A thermal analysis device, a sample holder assembly and a thermal analysis method, capable of DSC measurement and TG measurement while simplifying replacement of a temperature sensor or the like upon damages. The thermal analysis device includes a sample holder assembly that is detachably mounted, a first sample stage and a second sample stage that are detachably mounted, a heater (heating furnace) that heats the sample holder assembly and the like, a temperature controller, a temperature measuring section for detecting a temperature difference between the sample and a reference substance, and a weight measuring section (balance) for measuring a weight difference between the sample and the reference substance.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a first pair of connection terminals extended from a first sensor and a second pair of connection terminals extended from a second sensor. A first negative connection terminal that is a negative connection terminal of the first pair of connection terminals and a second negative connection terminal that is a negative connection terminal of the second pair of connection terminals are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement and method for a thermal analysis of a sample, having a crucible for storing a sample in the crucible, as well as a sensor for measuring a sample temperature of the sample when the crucible is arranged on the sensor. To provide for a high level of reproducibility of measurements in the case of such a measuring arrangement and a method for the thermal analysis performed with the measuring arrangement, the measuring arrangement has an anti-rotation protection for the crucible, in order to provide a predetermined rotational position of the crucible with respect to the sensor when the crucible is arranged on the sensor. The invention includes a method for the thermal analysis of a sample, which is performed using such a measuring arrangement.

Abstract: In combination a wear indicator and a component of a gas turbine engine is provided. The wear indicator is secured to a surface of the component of the gas turbine engine. The wear indicator comprising: a first component including: a first plate; a second plate opposite the first plate; a plurality of wires extending from first plate to the second plate, wherein the first plate is electrically connected to the second plate through the plurality of wires; and a potting material configured to partially fill the first component and fill voids between the plurality of wires, such that the plurality of wires are electrically insulated from each other by the potting material.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to provide a commercially usable and inexpensive device and method with which a sorption enthalpy can be measured in a simple manner. This is achieved by a device for calorimetrically measuring sorption processes, comprising a sorption cell for receiving a sample, the sorption cell having a volume for filling with a sorption gas, and comprising a reference cell likewise for filing with the sorption gas. A measurement gas volume is arranged around the sorption cell for receiving a reference gas, and the reference cell is surrounded by a reference gas volume, which is likewise provided for receiving the reference gas. A gas connection is provided between the sorption cell and the reference cell in order to conduct sorption gas into the sorption cell and the reference cell such that a sorption reaction occurs with the sample in the sorption cell.

Abstract: A block calibrator for calibrating a temperature sensor with a heating block, on which or in which at least one heating appliance is disposed, and wherein the heating block features a receiving bore for receiving a calibration insert, into which a test object formed by a temperature sensor can be inserted. According to the invention, an air gap (L) is formed at least in certain areas between an internal wall of the receiving bore and an external wall of the calibration insert.

Abstract: This inventive method provides a novel way of modeling basins in planning the drilling of crude oil and natural gas wells by accounting for thermodynamic considerations in tracking the pore pressure of a location of interest. By plotting the energy gradients, heat flux, and thermal conductivity of the location of interest, the user can more accurately identify the location of the Top of Geopressure and additional pertinent information during the well drilling planning process that can reduce costs and increase the safety of the process.

Abstract: A method and a device for the thermal analysis of a sample, as well as a method and a device for the calibration of a temperature measuring device used in a device for the thermal analysis.

Abstract: A method for operating a compressor. The method includes: acquiring a plurality of measured data; verifying the congruence of the measured data through the calculation of the molecular weight of the compressed gas based on compressor adimensional analysis; in case of failure of a first measurement of the measured data, substituting the first measurement with an estimated value based on the last available value of the molecular weight and on the available measurements of the measured data and on compressor adimensional analysis; and determining an estimated operative point on an antisurge map based on the estimated value and on the available measurements of the measured data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for polymerase chain reactions (PCR) that are capable of detecting amplified DNA during or after the PCR process. The methods and systems may utilize DSC or DTA analysis techniques.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining thermograms of blood plasma or serum includes two or more reaction vessels that each comprise a temperature sensing coil and a heating coil that is coaxial with and exterior to, or interleaved with, the temperature sensing coil. The apparatus also includes a heat conductive body having two or more cavities formed therein for receiving the reaction vessels. A corresponding method includes activating the heating coils of the reaction vessels and collecting temperature data for the reaction vessels with the temperature sensing coils.

Abstract: In order to determine a volume thermal expansion coefficient of a liquid, a sample of the liquid is placed inside a cell of a calorimeter followed by an incremental increase of pressure inside the cell containing the liquid. After each pressure increase heat flow into the cell and volume of the liquid are measured. Based on results of the measurements of the heat flow and accounting for initially evaluated cell volume, the volume thermal expansion of the liquid is determined.

Abstract: Methods and systems for cuttings-based well logging, including a method that includes converting measurements of cuttings samples from one or more depth intervals of a wellbore to a concentration percent of one or more elements, determining a one or more minerals of the cuttings samples from the concentration percent and building a mineralogy model for the cuttings sample based at least in part on a gravimetric conversion of the concentration percent of at least some of the one or more elements to a concentration percent of the one or more minerals. The method further includes normalizing the concentration percent of the one or more minerals, computing a photo-electric absorption factor (PEF) of the cuttings samples for each of the one or more depth intervals, and presenting to a user a log of the computed PEF as a function of wellbore depth.

Abstract: A combustible gas sensor includes at least a first sensing element comprising a first conductive element having, for example, an average diameter less than 20 ?m in electrical connection with electronic circuitry. The combustible gas sensor further includes a first support element having a first anchored end, a second anchored end and an extending intermediate section between the first anchored end and the second anchored end, the extending intermediate section providing support for the first conductive element. Another combustible gas sensor includes a first sensing element and a second sensing element. The first sensing element includes a first catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 ?m. The second sensing element includes a second catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 ?m.

Abstract: System and methods for detecting surge conditions in a compressor system are presented. In some embodiments, a method for detecting surge conditions may include receiving a plurality of flow measurements relating to a flow rate through the compressor system. Amplitude calculations may be performed based on at least one of the plurality of flow measurements to identify a possible surge condition. Frequency calculations may also be performed to identify a possible surge condition. A surge condition may be detected based on the results of the amplitude calculation and the frequency calculation and, in response, a surge detection control signal may be generated.

Abstract: A hardness tester has a test force applier generating a test force using an electromagnetic force generated by supplying a current to a drive coil provided in a magnetic field and applies the test force to an indenter to press the indenter into a surface of a sample; a temperature detector detecting a temperature of the test force applier; and a test force corrector correcting the test force generated from the test force applier based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector.

Abstract: A method for conducting a differential thermal analysis, in which a sample disposed in a temperable sample space is tempered according to an essentially linear temperature program extending from a start temperature to an end temperature, such that, from the result of a measurement of the sample temperature conducted during tempering at a number of measurement time points, a DTA signal is calculated as the difference between a measured sample temperature and a reference temperature calculated according to a temperature curve model. According to the invention, for every measurement time point, the relevant reference temperature is calculated by the following steps: (a) establish a time interval containing the relevant measurement time point; (b) calculate a non-linear adjustment function for the measured sample temperature curve in the time interval; and (c) calculate the reference temperature as a value of the adjustment function for the measurement time point.

Abstract: A temperature sensor and a flow measuring device. The temperature sensor comprising: a housing which comprises a housing body from which at least a first shell and a second shell protrude, each of which shells comprises a first end section, a second end section and a longitudinal axis. A temperature sensor element is arranged, which has especially a thin-film resistance thermometer, wherein one of the temperature sensor elements is heatable, and which shells have outsides, which interface the housing with the environment. From each temperature sensor element at least one connection wire leads away, which is connected with a circuit board. The housing body has a housing chamber, which is connected with inner hollow spaces of the shells, wherein the circuit board is arranged in the housing chamber, and wherein the circuit board is positioned in the housing chamber by a snap-in connection.

Abstract: A thermal analyzer (100) includes: a furnace tube (9) made of a transparent material; a heating furnace (3); a sample holding part (41, 42) arranged inside the furnace tube; a first support base (12); a second support base (14); a measurement chamber (30) connected to the furnace tube; a first movement part (22) for moving the first support base and the second support base between a measurement position, at which the furnace tube is connected to the measurement chamber, and a sample setting position, at which the sample holding part is exposed on a rear end side with respect to the furnace tube and the heating furnace; and a second movement part (24) for moving only the second support base to a sample observation position, at which the heating furnace is advanced and the furnace tube is exposed. Accordingly, the sample is observable from outside the exposed furnace tube.

Abstract: A viable strategy to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs is to use amorphous solids in place of the more commonly used crystalline solids in pharmaceutical formulations. However, amorphous solids are physically meta-stable and tend to revert back to their crystalline counterpart. An effective approach to stabilizing an amorphous drug against crystallization is to disperse it in a polymer matrix. The drug's solubility in the chosen polymer defines the upper limit of drug loading without any risk of crystallization. Measuring the solubility of a drug in a polymer has been a scientific and technological challenge because the high viscosity of polymers makes achieving solubility equilibrium difficult and because pharmaceutically important drug/polymer dispersions are glasses, which undergo structural relaxation over time. The invention provides a method based on Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) for measuring the solubility of crystalline drugs in polymeric matrices.

Abstract: A method of sorting mined material, such as mined ore, is disclosed. The method comprises exposing particles of mined material to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and heating particles depending on the minerals present in the particles and then thermally analyzing particles exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation to detect temperature differences between particles which indicate differences in the minerals in the particles. The method also comprises sorting the particles on the basis of the results of the thermal analysis.

Abstract: A differential on-chip temperature sensor circuit can be implemented in a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process using PNP transistors. A pair of transistors have collector currents that are sensitive to voltage, both directly and due to saturation currents. A scaling resistor connects to the emitter of one transistor and its voltage compared to the other transistor's emitter voltage by an error amplifier that generates a bias voltage to current sources that are proportional to absolute temperature since the saturation current sensitivity is subtracted out. The current is mirrored to sink current through a multiplier resistor from an output. An amplifier connected across the multiplier resistor compares a reference voltage to set the DC bias independent of temperature sensitivity. The temperature sensitivity is proportional to the ratio of the multiplier resistor and the scaling resistor, and is multiplied by a mirroring factor. A differential output is provided.

Abstract: An HVAC controller may be programmed to monitor a current delta T of an HVAC system and to determine a performance level of the HVAC system based, at least in part, on one or more delta T limits stored in the memory of the HVAC controller. The HVAC controller may be further programmed to display or provide a user alert if the performance level falls outside of a normal operating range for the HVAC system.

Abstract: A substrate ejection detection device is used for substrate processing apparatus configured to process a substrate by continuously rotating a turntable holding the substrate on a concave portion formed in a surface thereof to receive the substrate thereon. In the substrate processing device, the turntable is substantially horizontally provided in a chamber. The substrate ejection detection device includes a substrate ejection determination unit configured to determine whether the substrate is out of the concave portion by determining whether the substrate exists on the concave portion while rotating the turntable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for characterizing a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) using a differential calorimetry analysis technique. This process consists in determining one or more values of characteristic(s) of said sample of EVA copolymer, one of which is a level of crosslinking of said sample. The process according to the invention makes it possible to determine not only the degree of crosslinking, but also the vinyl acetate content and the molecular mass of an EVA sample, in a simple, rapid, easy and precise manner.

Abstract: A method of sensing an internal temperature of a differential carrier includes providing a differential carrier temperature sensing package with an electronic circuit board having a first temperature sensor that is in thermally conductive contact with a thermal conductor, where the thermal resistance of the package and thermal conductor is given and known as RENC. The package is extended through an opening in a differential carrier that has a fluid in it. The first temperature sensor senses a differential fluid temperature TSNS. The electronic circuit board further has a second temperature sensor, whereby the thermal resistance of the circuit board is a given known resistance RPCB. The second temperature sensor senses an internal package temperature TPCB within the package. Consequently, an internal temperature of the differential is calculated from the equation: TINT=TSNS(1+RENC/RPCB)?TPCB(RENC/RPCB).

Abstract: A balance for a simultaneous differential thermal analysis instrument that combines gravimetric measurements with measurements that require propagation of electrical signals from the sample holder to an apparatus for recording the electrical signals. In one embodiment of the invention, conductive flat planar strip flexure pivots are used in a single-meter movement balance to mechanically and electrically couple the components of the balance mechanism to the apparatus that records the electrical signals.

Abstract: A system and method for rapidly determining ambient temperature in a fluid-analyte meter. The meter includes a housing defining an interior space and an area for receiving a fluid sample. A processor and a first temperature sensor are disposed within the interior space of said the housing. A second temperature sensor is disposed on the housing. One or more processors are configured to determine a first temperature value from temperature data received from the first temperature sensor. The processor(s) are also configured to apply a variable current to a temperature-adjustment source such that the second temperature sensor is adjusted to a predetermined steady-state temperature value different from the first temperature value. The processor(s) are further configured to determine an ambient temperature of an exterior space of the housing based on the applied variable current, pre-determined steady-state temperature, and received first temperature values.

Abstract: A method for conducting a differential thermal analysis, in which a sample disposed in a temperable sample space is tempered according to an essentially linear temperature program extending from a start temperature to an end temperature, such that, from the result of a measurement of the sample temperature conducted during tempering at a number of measurement time points, a DTA signal is calculated as the difference between a measured sample temperature and a reference temperature calculated according to a temperature curve model. According to the invention, for every measurement time point, the relevant reference temperature is calculated by the following steps: (a) establish a time interval containing the relevant measurement time point; (b) calculate a non-linear adjustment function for the measured sample temperature curve in the time interval; and (c) calculate the reference temperature as a value of the adjustment function for the measurement time point.

Abstract: A thermal analyzer heats and cools a sample placed inside a furnace for measuring a thermal characteristic of the sample during heating and cooling. The thermal analyzer has a multilayer structure for covering the furnace and its surroundings so as to isolate the furnace and its surroundings from an external environment. The multilayer structure includes a multilayer wall with two layers formed of a material having high thermal conductivity and heat dissipation property. The two layers are spaced apart from one another to provide therebetween an interlayer that contains a substance having a heat capacity substantially equal to a gas contained in the furnace so that heat transfer between the two layers is minimized.

Abstract: A calorimeter device includes various components located on a common substrate. A first (calorimeter) integrated chip device is located on the substrate. This first device has a first microfluidic channel that has first side and a second side. A first heat sensing circuit is located on the first side of the first channel and a second heat sensing circuit is located on the second side of the channel, opposite the first side and facing the first heat sensing circuit. A second integrated chip device is located on the substrate and proximal to the first device. The second device includes a second microfluidic channel having a third side and fourth side. A third heat sensing circuit is located on the third side of the second channel. A fourth heat sensing circuit is located on the fourth side of the channel, opposite the third side and facing the third heat sensing circuit.

Abstract: MEMS-based calorimeter including two microchambers supported in a thin film substrate is provided. The thin film substrate includes a thermoelectric sensor configured to measure temperature differential between the two microchambers, and also includes a thermally stable and high strength polymeric diaphragm. Methods for fabricating the MEMS-based calorimeter, as well as methods of using the calorimeter to measure thermal properties of materials, such as biomolecules, or thermodynamic properties of chemical reactions or physical interactions, are also provided.

Abstract: A clutch unit (47) comprises a wet friction clutch for controllable transmission of a torque from an input element (41) to an output element (45), housing that contains the friction clutch and oil for cooling the friction clutch, and an actuator (51) for actuating the friction clutch. The actuator is attached to the housing in a thermally conductive way and has a temperature sensor (108) for sensing a temperature of the actuator. In order to computationally determine the oil temperature (TÖl) in the clutch unit (47), a thermal input power to the clutch unit is determined as a function of at least a speed of the input element and/or of the output element. The difference between the thermal input power and the thermal output power is determined, and the oil temperature is determined as a function of the difference that was determined.

Abstract: A device for thermal analysis. This device includes at least one thermoanalytical measurement device and at least one infrared spectrometer, wherein the infrared spectrometer is fully integrated into the thermoanalytical measurement device. The thermoanalytical measurement device and the at least one infrared spectrometer are connected to one another by a lift-swivel unit. The at least one infrared spectrometer is disposed above the thermoanalytical measurement device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a food cooking control method and device. The method includes the following steps in which: at least one temperature detection device is inserted into a food; a final equilibrium temperature is defined; the detection device is positioned inside the food in a pre-determined detection zone so that a temperature (TC) can be obtained at all times during cooking; the TC temperature data obtained are processed using the detection device; the temperature of the surface through which the food receives heat (TP) is determined and processed and the variation in temperature TC is evaluated at least to the first derivative. The device includes a detection device intended to be inserted into the food, a device for determining the thickness of the food and a device for inserting the detection device into the food to a pre-determined depth.

Abstract: Mobile devices are re-supplied with fluids on a periodic basis thereby eliminating the need to maintain a permanent connection between an external fluid supply and the moving device. Electronic scanning devices generate heat and operate at varying and high temperature conditions that interfere with operations of the scanner heads. Circulating a heat transfer fluid through the sensor head removes excess heat from heat sensitive regions of the sensor head during operations. Once the heat transfer fluid reaches a predetermined temperature or after passage of a predetermined length of time, the scanner head is maneuvered to a docking station where it is coupled to an external heat fluid source where fresh fluid is supplied to the scanner head.

Abstract: A sample holder for use in a scientific instrument requiring accurate and precise measurements of temperatures. The sample holder includes a ceramic sample cup diffusion bonded to a ceramic beam or to a ceramic adapter. A thermocouple is welded to the bottom of the sample cup.

Abstract: A differential scanning calorimeter (1) includes: a sample container (2) for receiving a measurement sample; a reference substance container (3) for receiving a reference substance; a heat sink (10); a thermal resistance (5), which is connected between the sample container and the heat sink, and between the reference substance container and the heat sink to form heat flow paths therebetween; a sample-side thermocouple (7), which is thermally connected to the thermal resistance at a portion in the vicinity of the sample container with its hot-junction (7c) being insulated; and a reference substance-side thermocouple (8), which is thermally connected to the thermal resistance at a portion in the vicinity of the reference substance container with its hot junction (8c) being insulated, in which the sample-side thermocouple and the reference substance-side thermocouple output a heat flow difference signal indicating a temperature difference between the measurement sample and the reference substance.

Abstract: A method for checking the quality of thermal coupling between a measuring cell and a thermostatted element of an analyzer, where the measuring cell can be exchangeably inserted into an analyzer to measure at least one parameter of a sample, and is provided with at least one sensor element in a measuring channel.

Abstract: A thermal analysis device comprising a replaceable sensor that can be contacted via a contact element of an electrical contacting means, a heating element and a cooling element. The contact element(s) is thermally connected with the heating element and can be heated essentially independently of the operating state of the cooling element even when no sensor is mounted to the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a calibration circuit, computer program product, and method of calibrating a junction temperature measurement of a semiconductor element, wherein respective forward voltages at junctions of the semiconductor element and a reference temperature sensor are measured, and an absolute ambient temperature is determined by using the reference temperature sensor, and the junction temperature of the semiconductor element is predicted based on the absolute ambient temperature and the measured forward voltages.

Abstract: An electronic salt meter including a sensor rod, salt meter body and receiving components to measure a temperature and salinity. The electronic salt meter includes a first and sensor electrode and a temperature sensor to detect a temperature of the measurement object. A measurement monitoring unit detects whether the first and second sensor electrodes are electrically connected to each other. A salinity measurement unit applies an AC power to the first and second sensor electrodes to measure salinity of the measurement object. A temperature measurement unit applies a power to the temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the measurement object. A thermal equilibrium detection unit stores the temperature value previously measured, and when the temperature variation is less than a predetermined threshold, it is determined as a thermal equilibrium state. A room-temperature salinity conversion unit converts the salinity value into a salinity value at room temperature.

Abstract: A system for maintaining thermal stability of a motion stage driven by a motor comprises a motion current generator operative to produce a motion current to drive the motion stage to move and a thermal current generator operative to produce a thermal current to dissipate heat in the motion stage for controlling a temperature of the motion stage without producing corresponding movement of the motion stage. A summation controller is operative to combine the motion current with the thermal current, and to produce a combined current output to the motor.