Abstract: In an instrument designed to provide a quantitative measurement of the athletic condition of racehorses, a pressure sensitive transducer is mounted on a rectal probe, which is of a size and shape to be inserted into the rectal cavity of a racehorse. Circuitry is provided to separate the components in the signal produced by the transducer caused by respiration and caused by the cardiovascular pulse. The cardiovascular pulse rate and the respiration rate are calculated from these two components and displayed on a console connected to the probe. The instrument is also provided with a thermocouple on the rectal probe, which is connected in a conventional electronic thermometer circuit, which controls a display on the console of the instrument to provide an indication of the temperature of the racehorse.

Abstract: An exhaust system for the combustion gases of an internal combustion engine is provided comprising a pressure sensor detecting the increase of the back pressure of the gases inside an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine, which back pressure results from the clogging up of a first flameproof stack, or any other device of this type, for discharging the gases. The pressure sensor communicates with the exhaust manifold through a second flame proof stack placed outside the discharge path of the combustion gases.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided by a bridge circuit on a semiconductor diaphragm, with diaphragm deflection being effective to produce an output voltage proportional to the deflecting force. A constant current source is coupled to the energizing terminals of the bridge circuit. By measuring the voltage drop across the semiconductor bridge during operation, an output signal indicative of bridge temperature is obtained. Accordingly two output signals, pressure and temperature, are derived from a single bridge sensor. This produces a compact, accurate transducer assembly for use in an automotive control system, providing two control signals from a single sensor structure.

Abstract: A method of determining with improved accuracy, the temperature margin to saturation of a heated pressurized liquid or vapor contained in a closed system. This method is characterized by the utilization of a direct measurement of the pressure margin to saturation instead of a measurement of the actual pressure of the system. The actual temperature of the system is used to determine the appropriate portion of the saturation curve to be used for the conversion of the pressure margin to saturation to the temperature margin to saturation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measurement coupling for fluid systems, for taking working pressures or temperatures of the fluid media, consisting of a coupling bushing which is under duct pressure in the built-in state, and in the bore of which is arranged a spring-loaded and mechanically actuatable check valve, the check valve being constructed as a valve body provided with a cylindrical bore and a closed bottom face, the end of the coupling bushing facing the fluid system being prolonged beyond the valve body. A radial transverse bore or a radial slot is located in the wall of the valve body. In a further embodiment of the invention, the radial transverse bore or the transverse slot is formed in the wall of the guide part of the valve body and a flow slot channel is formed between the valve body and the coupling bushing as far as the radial transverse bore or transverse slot.

Abstract: In a quartz barometer untilizing the temperature dependence of the resistance of a quartz oscillator at resonance, the present invention is directed to provide a circuit which compensates for the temperature change of the resistance at resonance by connecting a temperature-dependent resistor in series with a quartz oscillator thereby enabling said quartz barometer to measure gas pressure much more accurately.

Abstract: A checker for air conditioner with a pressure gauge, which comprises an auxiliary dial plate placed on the pressure gauge panel rotatable coaxially therewith. The auxiliary dial plate has an indicator zone and a temperature correction graduation arranged in such a manner, that the existing stand of charge of the coolant is indicated by the pressure gauge needle directly on the indicator zone, when the ambient temperature is set on the temperature correction graduation at a reference mark disposed on the gauge panel adjacent the temperature correction graduation.

Abstract: A differential-pressure transmitter having a range diaphragm and a slack diaphragm to receive process pressures and to apply such pressures to an interior sealed chamber containing a fill-liquid. An internal passageway between the regions adjacent the diaphragms provides for transfer of fill-liquid in response to differential pressure changes. The passageway serially includes a vertically-oriented tube containing a ball of magnetic material and surrounded by a solenoid winding. Energization of the winding lifts the ball to the top of the tube. When the winding is de-energized, the ball drops down through the fill-liquid to create a reference pressure pulse which is directed to the range diaphragm to correspondingly alter the instrument output signal. The output signal is monitored to check the span calibration, and adjustments are made as needed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring a non-thermal physical parameter with temperature sensitive elements impart a predetermined temperature sensitive elements, while measuring the physical parameter therewith. The same termperature-sensitive elements are employed for effecting a measurement of environmental temperature variation, and such temperature-sensitive elements are restored to their predetermined temperature in response to that measurement of environmental temperature variation effected with these temperature-sensitive elements.

Abstract: Test apparatus for on-site testing of an air compressor to obtain a measurement from which the operating efficiency of the air compressor and air flow rate may be calculated to enable the owner of the compressor to determine whether replacement or rebuilding of the compressor is justified. The apparatus comprises an inlet for connection to the air compressor being tested and branch circuits through which the air flow from the compressor is selectively passed. Each branch circuit contains a particular size orifice and an associated shut-off valve, and the condition of the shut-off valves determines the orifice selection. The orifice selection is made to match the running compressor and attain a balanced condition. In this regard a pressure regulator and by-pass control valve, in parallel with each other, are also in the test apparatus for adjustment to obtain the balanced condition.

Abstract: In the maintenance of turbine propeller aircraft and related engines, test method and apparatus to measure engine exhaust temperature and exhaust pressure, without pulling the engine. Test harness associated with instrumental Jet Calibrator is interposed between tailpipe and airframe exhaust pipe to establish the accuracy of interstage turbine temperature and exhaust gas temperature by graphic comparisons. Both engine exhaust gas temperature and exhaust pressure may also be obtained concurrently to effect "on wing" recompensation of interstage turbine temperature during test run maintenance of the engine.

Abstract: Accurate dynamic pressure data in a changing thermal environment is obtained through the use of a pressure gage formed from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer material. The temperature compensation pressure gage has three major elements: an active PVDF transducer which obtains remote pressure readings which are uncorrected for thermal effects; a thermocouple having a short rise time allowing an output thermal signal which dynamically responds to changing thermal conditions; and a compensation amplifier circuit receiving the uncorrected pressure readings and the dynamic thermal signal and producing an output signal representing accurate pressure data which is corrected for changing thermal conditions. Also disclosed are the details of making an active PVDF transducer.

Abstract: A pressure measuring device wherein a housing (1) includes a pressure sensor (2) in a pressure chamber (4) and an electronic circuit (14) in a non-pressurized chamber (6). Borings (7) extend between pressure chamber (4) and non-pressurized chamber (6) and accommodate contacts that electrically connect pressure sensor (2) and electronic circuit (14). A pressure membrane (3) cooperates with housing (1) to further define pressure chamber (4) and isolate the device from the fluid system. Pressure chamber (4) is filled with a medium that transmits the system pressure to pressure sensor (2). Pressure sensor (2) measures the pressure and provides an output signal to electronic circuit (14).

Abstract: Disclosed is a differential temperature cell useful for measuring the difference in temperature between two environments. This dT cell comprises a first reservoir which is in fluid communication with a first chamber. Part of one wall of the first chamber defines a diaphragm, which also forms a part of the wall of a second chamber. The diaphragm provides a structure for measuring differences in pressure between the two chambers. The second chamber is also in fluid communication with a second reservoir.

Abstract: A pressure measuring device wherein a housing (1) includes a pressure sensor (2) in a pressure chamber (4) and an electronic circuit (14) in a non-pressurized chamber (6). Borings (7) extend between pressure chamber (4) and non-pressurized chamber (6) and accommodate contacts that electrically connect pressure sensor (2) and electronic circuit (14). A pressure membrane (3) cooperates with housing (1) to further define pressure chamber (4) and isolate the device from the fluid system. Pressure chamber (4) is filled with a medium that transmits the system pressure to pressure sensor (2). Pressure sensor (2) measures the pressure and provides an output signal to electronic circuit (14).

Abstract: A pressure measuring device wherein a housing (1) includes a pressure sensor (2) in a pressure chamber (4) and an electronic circuit (14) in a non-pressurized chamber (6). Borings (7) extend between pressure chamber (4) and non-pressurized chamber (6) and accommodate contacts that electrically connect pressure sensor (2) and electronic circuit (14). A pressure membrane (3) cooperates with housing (1) to further define pressure chamber (4) and isolate the device from the fluid system. Pressure chamber (4) is filled with a medium that transmits the system pressure and provides an output signal to electronic circuit (14).

Abstract: A gauge element for and a pressure sensor for sensing phenomena such as pressure and temperature comprising a substantially U-shaped unitary piezoresistive element formed from a silicon crystal. When employed for sensing pressure and temperature, resistor means are provided along with means for coupling the first and second legs of the piezoresistive element in an electrical circuit to provide a temperature independent output indicative of the pressure imparted to one leg of the piezoresistive element, and for coupling the second leg and the resistor means to provide an output independent of the pressure imparted to the first leg and indicative of the environmental temperature. This configuration is particularly suitable for miniaturization and therefore useful for biomedical applications wherein the sensor can be inserted into a body transcutaneously by a catheter.

Abstract: Ignition delay of distillate fuels is measured by heating a block to an elevated temperature and injecting samples into a cavity in the block as it cools. The time between each injection and ignition of the fuel is measured. This measurement of ignition delay is used to determine the cetane number of the distillate fuel.

Abstract: In a device for measuring the temperature in a dust carrying gas stream having a temperature probe and a deflecting rod enclosing the probe at least partially and structure mounting the temperature probe and the deflecting rod within the gas stream substantially transversely to the flow direction an arrangement is provided to increase the operational safety.

Abstract: A super-heat detector of refrigerant gas comprises a semiconductor pressure sensor for detecting a pressure of the refrigerant gas in a refrigerating apparatus, a semiconductor temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of said refrigerant gas, and an operational controller which converts an output signal from said semiconductor pressure sensor to a value corresponding to a saturation temperature of said refrigerant gas pressure, and produces an output electrical signal corresponding to super-heat condition of said refrigerant gas by comparison between said corresponding value of the saturation temperature and said output from said semiconductor temperature sensor.

Abstract: Capacitive pressure and temperature sensing devices for use at cryogenic temperatures are provided utilizing a quantum ferroelectric pyrochlore ceramic material as the dielectric. The ceramic material has the formula:(Cd.sub.1-x M.sub.x).sub.2 (Nb.sub.1-y M'.sub.y).sub.2 O.sub.7where M is Pb, Ca, Sr, Ba, or mixtures thereof; where M' is Ta, Sb, or mixtures thereof; and where x and y are numbers in the range of from 0 to 1. M and M' are chosen such that the pressure sensing device uses a ceramic with a nearly temperature independent dielectric constant while the temperature sensing device uses a ceramic with a strongly temperature dependent dielectric constant. The sensors may comprise multi-layered capacitive devices, and may be combined into a single temperature and pressure sensing device.

Abstract: Pressure control system in which the pressure in a sealed vessel is continuously measured along with the temperature of the treatment fluid to maintain a predetermined pad pressure in the treatment vessel to prevent boil off or flashing of the treatment liquid.

Abstract: A movable high amperage electrical switching buggy which is adapted for use in a corrosive atmosphere includes a wheeled chassis and spaced apart first and second electrical terminals housed on the chassis and extending therefrom. First and second electrical conductors are positioned within the housing and communicate with the first and second terminals respectively. At least one high amperage electrical switch is housed on the chassis with respective terminals of the switch being in electrical contact with the respective electrical conductors. The switch includes a first switch terminal including a piston chamber and a movable piston contact member housed therein and a second switch terminal. An insulating member is secured between the first switch terminal and the second switch terminal to prevent electrical contact therebetween unless the piston is in contact with the second terminal.

Abstract: A method for measuring the temperature of an asphalt pavement, that comprises the measurement of temperature of air used as a heat-carrying agent, drawn through the pavement prior to measuring the temperature thereof. The air is drawn through the pavement by application of a vacuum to a pavement area isolated from the environment. A device used for the implementation of the method comprises a hollow, thermally isolated chamber with open end faces. Installed on one of its end faces is a means used for providing the air filtration through the pavement and made as an exhaust blower whose impeller is arranged inside the chamber in close vicinity to its end face.

Abstract: A pressure transmitter is provided for producing a voltage signal representative of the magnitude of pressure being applied to a diaphragm of the transmitter, wherein a network including strain-sensitive resistors that are formed in the diaphragm is coupled to the output of a constant-current power supply for producing the voltage signal in response to the strain generated by the applied pressure in the diaphragm and a feedback circuit operates in a non-linear manner for generating a control signal in response to a temperature signal produced by the network. The power supply coupled to receive the control signal is responsive thereto for changing the current supplied to the network so that compensation is thereby provided for errors in the pressure measurement caused by changes in the temperature of the network resistors.

Abstract: A well tool for developing measurements of pressure or temperature in a well bore comprising an elongated well tool which utilizes a coherent beam of light which is applied to the ends of separate fiber optics and the other ends of the fiber optics are detected to produce an electrical signal in response to differences between the outputs of the fiber optics to the detector. For measuring pressure, one fiber optic may be coiled in a temperature insulated chamber and sense a discrete sample from the earth formations while the other fiber optic is coiled in a temperature insulated reference pressure chamber. In another embodiment both fiber optics are subjected to pressure samples from longitudinally spaced locations of the earth formations. In still another embodiment, the fiber optics are subjected to the temperature in the bore hole at longitudinally spaced locations for obtaining a temperature gradient measurement.

Abstract: An improved pressure/temperature probe whose accuracy will not be affected by the pressures and temperatures to which it is subject or by the resistance of the connecting cables. The probe includes a separate pressure transducer and temperature transducer which are connected in series to a constant current source. In addition to the pressure reading taken by the pressure probe, a temperature reading of the pressure probe is derived from the pressure probe. This temperature reading provides the actual temperature of the pressure probe and permits highly accurate temperature correction. The pressure probe is constructed and arranged so as to have a high thermal time constant while the temperature probe is constructed and arranged to have a low thermal time constant.

Abstract: A terrestrial refractometer comprises a gastight enclosure containing a fixed mass of a gas which at least approximates to an ideal gas, at least a part of the enclosure being movable in response to changes in the volume of the gas in accordance with changes in ambient temperature and pressure; constraining means for constraining said movable part so as to maintain the gas at a constant volume; and sensing means for providing a signal related to the force applied to the movable part by the constraining means.