Abstract: The present disclosure provides for parallel sample stress rupture test in a controlled environment by loading predefined amounts of weight on stack lines; positioning the stack lines on a tensioning platform in alignment with respective upper clamps when the tensioning platform is a first distance away from the upper clamps; clamping samples to a corresponding lower clamp and upper clamp pair; and moving the tensioning platform to a second distance away from the upper clamps that is greater than the first distance such that the stack lines are suspended above the tensioning platform to apply individual tensions to the individual samples based on the predefined amount of weight loaded onto the individual stack lines.

Abstract: A specimen heating apparatus includes a heater unit configured to heat a test specimen held in a material testing machine, a heater holding unit configured to hold the heater unit in a set position relative to the test specimen for heating, a specimen temperature measurement unit attached to the heater unit and configured to measure temperature of the test specimen when the heater unit is in the set position, a temperature controller configured to control heating of the heater unit in response to a temperature measured by the specimen temperature measurement unit, and a thermal insulation unit configured to cover the heater unit, wherein the heater holding unit holds the heater unit in such a way that the heater unit is allowed to be brought to and removed from the set position while the test specimen is being held in the material testing machine.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to apparatus and methods for determining operational performance of material systems. Apparatus generally comprise a salt fog chamber having a fixture support having material system flexing components to test corrosion of an aircraft material system. In one aspect, a material performance chamber comprises a salt fog chamber and a jaw configured to flex a material system. Methods for determining corrosion include exposing a material system, such as a panel, to salt fog and flexing the material system at a frequency. In one aspect, a method for determining corrosion includes exposing a material system to a salt fog. The pH of the salt fog is from about 3.0 to about 9.0 and flexing the material system at a frequency from about 0.1 Hz to about 60 Hz.

Abstract: A fluid testing system includes a component test housing that includes a plurality of walls connected to a base and a cover. A test chamber is defined between the plurality of walls, the base, and the cover. The test chamber is configured to receive a sample component to be subjected to a fluid test. Fluid inlet ports are formed through the component test housing. The Fluid inlet ports are configured to allow test fluid to flow into the test chamber from at least two different directions.

Abstract: A system and method for testing a material system may include a support structure for mounting the material system, and a electromechanical device operably connected to the support structure, wherein the electromechanical device applies an electromechanical-induced force to the material system, and wherein the electromechanical-induced force causes a displacement in the material system equivalent to material displacement from thermal stress in significantly less time.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to apparatus and methods for determining operational performance of material systems. Apparatus generally comprise a salt fog chamber having a fixture support having material system flexing components to test corrosion of an aircraft material system. In one aspect, a material performance chamber comprises a salt fog chamber and a jaw configured to flex a material system. Methods for determining corrosion include exposing a material system, such as a panel, to salt fog and flexing the material system at a frequency. In one aspect, a method for determining corrosion includes exposing a material system to a salt fog. The pH of the salt fog is from about 3.0 to about 9.0 and flexing the material system at a frequency from about 0.1 Hz to about 60 Hz.

Abstract: A test specimen holder includes a specimen engaging portion operable to selectively engage and hold a test specimen. The test specimen holder includes a first shield disposed around the specimen engaging portion wherein a first gap is formed between the shield and the specimen engaging portion to remove heat from the specimen engaging portion.

Abstract: An improved measurement method and a corresponding measurement device are provided that measure the edge strength of plate-shaped elements made of brittle-fracture material. For this purpose, a long sample is drawn apart at the short edges, wherein the force transmission points lie next to the center of gravity of the base surface of the sample.

Abstract: A method for testing a batch of material used to obtain layers of fibers includes taking a specimen from the batch of material, exerting a tensile force on the specimen, heating the specimen so as to relax the fibers if the specimen contains stresses, after a predetermined period of time, no longer heating and no longer exerting the tensile force on the specimen, measuring a residual extension of the specimen which corresponds to a variation in length of at least a part of the specimen in the direction of the tensile force, before and after the tensile force, and considering the batch of material not to be compliant if the residual extension exceeds a given threshold.

Abstract: A system and a method for stress detection on small areas are disclosed. The method is applied to a strain gauge, which uses the Joule heating effect-generated temperature difference to monitor and to localize compressive and tensile strains. Furthermore, the invention provides a systematic extrapolation prediction methodology for strains.

Abstract: A mobile measurement device, particularly for temporary use in or on vehicles, on stationary engines, or on test benches, consists of individual components (2) that might have different working temperatures, disposed in a common housing (1). Furthermore, at least one fan (6) is provided. In order to allow a very broad range of use with regard to the outside temperature range, at the smallest and lightest possible construction, in order to guarantee simple transport and great mobility, and reliable measurements within this range, the housing (1) is structured essentially in gastight manner.

Abstract: A compressor drive torque estimating device to be adapted for a system provided with a refrigeration cycle in which a refrigerant is circulated by a compressor driven by a drive source mounted in a vehicle, comprising heat load detecting means for detecting a heat load of the refrigeration cycle, a storage unit storing a plurality of estimated drive torque characteristics establishing correlation between a drive torque change characteristic of the compressor and an elapsed time from a time of start of operation of the compressor, an estimated drive torque characteristic selecting means for selecting the one of the plurality of estimated drive torque characteristics stored in the storage unit based on detected values detected by the heat load detecting means, and an estimated drive torque calculating means for calculating an estimated drive torque of the compressor based on the estimated drive torque characteristic selected by the estimated drive torque characteristic selecting means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a sensor, in particular a sensor made of ceramic material. Said sensor is heated to a shock-resistance temperature which is higher than a specific temperature.

Abstract: System, computer software and method for determining a susceptibility to reheat cracking of a sample of material, which includes a welded area. The method includes measuring a length of the sample, applying a first stress to the sample to achieve a predetermined elongation of the sample, exposing the elongated sample to a predefined heat treatment, applying a second stress to the sample until the sample breaks at least into two different pieces, and determining the susceptibility of the broken sample to reheat cracking.

Abstract: A connector holder unit that is formed separately from a carriage capable of housing an ink cartridge and can be attached to the inside of the carriage includes a connector holder, a connector having a plurality of contact arms that is installed to the connector holder, and a circuit substrate having a plurality of conductive connection portions that is installed to the connector holder, wherein contact terminals of the plurality of contact arms of the connector are configured to elastically contact the conductive connection portions of the circuit substrate and conductive connection portions of the ink cartridge so as to electrically conduct between the circuit substrate and the ink cartridge when the connector holder unit is attached to the carriage.

Abstract: A method and equipment for checking a support device such as used in an elevator installation. The method and equipment detects reductions in cross-section of the tensile supports in the support device by heating the tensile supports with electrical current flow and determining the temperature at surface of surrounding sheathing. An increase in the temperature from an original measurement is an indicator of damage to the tensile supports.

Abstract: A test facility is provided for testing materials under high temperature, pressure, and mechanical loads. The facility provides a physically scaled system that simulates conditions in hot sections of gas turbine engines. A test article is coated with a test material and exposed to a hot combusting flow in a test section housing. The article may be a pipe or conduit member oriented at any direction to the flow. A second cooler flow of fluid is channeled through the test article to create a sharp temperature gradient in the test article and through the test material. A liquid-cooled sleeve is disposed about the test article to create an annular channel of combusting flow over the test article. The downstream end of the second cooler flow is connected to the upstream end of the main hot flow at the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A disc tribometer for measuring tribological, mechanical and thermal phenomena including at least a first rotary support for receiving a test sample, a second rotary support for receiving a second test sample, means for measuring torque applied to each of the supports, and at least one induction coil positioned to heat one of the test samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and a device for detecting the flatness of a metal band product at high temperature, using a measuring roll (1) having a cylindrical external face (13) comprising an angular contact sector with the band and a free sector. According to the invention, the roll (1) is cooled down forcibly by circulating a heat exchanging fluid along at least one portion of the free sector of the external face (13) of the roll (1) and one determines the parameters responsible for the cooling efficiency such as the opening angle (B) of cooling sector, the temperature and the circulation flow rate of the heat exchanging fluid, so that the external face (13) of the roll (1) is brought back, at each revolution, to a pre-set equilibrium temperature. The invention applies especially to the hot rolling of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Abstract: A modular materials characterization apparatus includes a sensor array disposed on a substrate, with a standardized array and contact pad format; electronic test and measurement apparatus for sending electrical signals to and receiving electrical signals from the sensor array; an apparatus for making electrical contact to the sensors in the standardized array format; an apparatus for routing signals between one or more selected sensors and the electronic test and measurement apparatus and a computer including a computer readable having a computer program recorded therein for controlling the operator of the apparatus. The sensor array is preferably arranged in a standardized format used in combinatorial chemistry applications for rapid deposition of sample materials on the sensor array.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and a device for detecting the flatness of a metal band product at high temperature, using a measuring roll (1) having a cylindrical external face (13) comprising an angular contact sector with the band and a free sector.

Abstract: In a method of evaluating a semiconductor wafer to provide an index as to whether slip generation is likely or not, the in-plane temperature distribution of the wafer is varied at a prescribed temperature and the condition of the temperature distribution at which slip line generation occurs is detected. The temperature distribution is varied using plural concentric heaters and is measured using a radiation thermometer. The temperature distribution is correlated to thermal stress in the wafer. In this manner, a range of tolerable thermal stress is specified, at which a slip line will not be generated. Dependent on the applied temperature distribution and the determination of whether a slip line has been generated in connection with that temperature distribution, it is determined whether the periphery of the wafer has a tangential residual stress that is compressive or tensile.

Abstract: An environmental test apparatus has a thermal chamber for stress testing electronic products and a wall separating the thermal chamber from ambient air around the apparatus. In the improvement, the wall comprises a pair of barrier walls having a flexible partition interposed between them. The barrier walls and the flexible partition substantially isolate the ambient air from the thermal chamber. The apparatus also includes a platform in the ambient air and a feedthrough card extending from the platform through the flexible partition into the thermal chamber.In one, more specific embodiment, the barrier walls are below the thermal chamber and the platform is below the barrier walls. In other embodiments, the barrier walls are lateral to the thermal chamber and the apparatus includes one or two racks, also lateral to such chamber. One or respective platforms are supported on the rack(s).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a force, displacement, or both to specimens, components, or systems by using a remote variable load/deflection device. The method enables testing of materials under actual in-service conditions. A displaceable container with a heating or heating and cooling element inside is provided. As heat is applied to the element, it expands thermally and causes the container to displace and apply force to specimens, components, or systems. The load/displacement of the container is modified by heating or cooling the element material. The container may be attached to in-service specimens, components, or systems and used to study the material behavior during in-service operation.

Abstract: A gripping system for use in uniaxial testing of test specimens at elevated temperatures, typically above 900.degree.-1000.degree. F. The uniaxial mechanical testing is typically tensile testing conducted on high temperature engineering materials which operate under severe conditions at elevated temperatures. The gripping system includes a gripping element having a first section adapted to contact the test specimen wherein a heater is received in the second section for heating the gripping surface. The heater is designed to heat the gripping surface and the test specimen to the desired temperature.

Abstract: A tension-compression attachment stage for an electron microscope having a ryogenic heat exchanger is provided. The attachment stage has a support assembly for mounting brackets to support a pair of load screws and a load screw drive assembly and for mounting a fixed jaw. A moveable jaw is supported and moved by the pair of load screws. A cryogenic heat exchanger is soldered to the fixed jaw and slideably engages the moveable jaw through heat conducting slider blocks. The combination allows control of test specimen test within 1.degree.-4.degree.F.

Abstract: Apparatus either for a specimen that is to be held in a jaw assembly of, for example, a dynamic thermal-mechanical testing system or for the jaw assembly itself wherein the specimen or jaw assembly, respectively, exhibits both self-resistive and self-inductive heating whenever a sufficiently large alternating (AC) electrical current is passed serially therethrough. In one embodiment, the specimen (200, 300) is fabricated from a material which undergoes self-resistive heating and in which suitable levels of eddy currents can be induced by and also includes an appropriately shaped heating section (205, 206; 305, 306) situated near each of two opposing ends thereof. In another embodiment, a metallic conductor (403, 403'; 503) is fabricated from a material which undergoes self-resistive heating, in which suitable levels of induced eddy currents can occur and which contains appropriately shaped and sized heating sections (406, 407; 406', 407'; 512, 512').

Abstract: The invention provides a fiber testing device for thermomechanical testing of fibers which preferably includes a linear step motor coupled to a first fiber gripping jaw. A second fiber gripping jaw is positioned in linear relation to the first gripping jaw and is coupled to a load cell. Advantageously, the apparatus includes a chamber for maintaining a fiber test specimen in a substantially thermally isolated environment during testing of the fiber. A heating means and a cooling means are connected to the chamber. The heating means and cooling means are controlled by a control means which also controls the position of the linear step motor. The fiber testing device of the invention is capable of performing complicated mechanical and thermal fiber testing protocals without operator involvement except for initiation of the testing sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for maintaining a constant temperature across an electrically conductive specimen required to be mechanically tested. The invention includes resistance heating the specimen to a desired level during mechanical testing. The specimen is also simultaneously induction heated to a desired level. The resistance heating and inductive heating cooperate so as to heat the specimen to a desired substantially constant temperature during mechanical testing.

Abstract: Mechanical properties of short test specimens are tested in tension and fatigue using an improved electrical resistance heating furnace having a short length that mounts between the grips of a typical testing machine. The furnace includes a ceramic inner liner having an oval cross-section to reduce heat loss at the ends. The furnace is divided into a plurality of individually controlled heating zones. Provision is made to supply an inert gas to the volume around the specimen in the center of the furnace.

Abstract: Dimensional change in a tire cord (13) under thermomechanical stress is determined by a device (10) including an oven (12) for receiving and controlling the temperature of a preselected length of the cord (13), grips (14,15) for holding and selectively positioning the entire preselected length of cord (13) within the oven (12), and means (16) including an angular displacement transducer (51) for measuring changes in the preselected length of cord (13). Means (16) may also include weights (52,53) for the selective application of mechanical stress to the material. The steps employed in determining such dimensional change include inserting a length of cord (13) into grips (14,15), positioning the entire length of cord (13) (including the portion of grips (14,15) holding the cord (13)) within oven (12), controlling the temperature of the cord (13) in the oven (12), and measuring changes in the length of cord (13).

Abstract: Structural components, especially components having complicated configurations, are endurance tested for their creep resistance or strength in a removable massive metal testing block which encloses the component being tested in the manner of a mold. The mold type testing block is made of a high heat resistant metal acting as a susceptor in an induction heating system in which the testing block is surrounded by an induction heating coil. In this system the component being tested can be heated to high, highly constant temperatures which provides a substantial improvement in the creep testing results and reduces the cost of testing.

Abstract: Low temperature dilatometers are described which employ a combination cryostat/furnace made from an elongated block of metal by drilling separate longitudinal tubular chambers for insertion of a specimen tube containing a specimen and at least one electric resistance heater. A separate longitudinally drilled tubular cooling chamber serves as the expansion chamber for a conventional compressed gas refrigeration system, one end of the cooling chamber communicating with the inlet of the refrigerant gas compressor and the other end communicating, through an intermediate heat exchanger, with the outlet of the compressor. The metal construction of the cryostat/furnace and the absence of a conventional ceramic protection tube for the specimen facilitates rapid heat transfer to and from the specimen. The specimen can be brought quickly to the minimum desired temperature by operating the refrigeration system until that temperature is reached and then shutting off the compressor.

Abstract: Low temperature dilatometers are described which employ a combination cryostat/furnace made from an elongated block of metal by drilling separate longitudinal tubular chambers for insertion of a specimen tube containing a specimen and at least one electric resistance heater. A separate longitudinally drilled tubular cooling chamber serves as the expansion chamber for a conventional compressed gas refrigeration system, one end of the cooling chamber communicating with the inlet of the refrigerant gas compressor and the other end communicating, through an intermediate heat exchanger, with the outlet of the compressor. The metal construction of the cryostat/furnace and the absence of a conventional ceramic protection tube for the specimen facilitates rapid heat transfer to and from the specimen. The specimen can be brought quickly to the minimum desired temperature by operating the refrigeration system until that temperature is reached and then shutting off the compressor.

Abstract: An instrument for carrying out mechanical strain tests on metallic samples with the addition of an electrical system for varying the temperature with strain, the instrument including opposing arms and associated equipment for holding a sample and varying the mechanical strain on the sample through a plurality of cycles of increasing and decreasing strain within predetermined limits, circuitry for producing an output signal representative of the strain during the tests, apparatus including a set point and a coil about the sample for providing a controlled temperature in the sample, and circuitry interconnected between the strain output signal and set point for varying the temperature of the sample linearly with strain during the tests.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the eventual elongation property of a copper wire which has been cold drawn with an intermediate anneal and which is to be subsequently subjected to a predetermined heat treatment by a final in-line continuous anneal. Before a sample length of such wire is elongated to its breaking point in a tensile testing device, a capacitor is discharged through the wire length to produce a heating current flow therethrough of a magnitude and duration that produces a heat treatment of the wire length which approximately simulates that which would be the result of the final in-line continuous anneal. For this purpose, the wire holding devices of the tensile testing device have contact means to establish connection of the wire length in a discharge circuit for the capacitor.