Abstract: In a decoder, a desired image is estimated by first retrieving coding modes from an encoded side information image. For each bitplane in the encoded side information image, syndrome bits or parity bits are decoded to obtain an estimated bitplane of quantized transform coefficients of the desired image. A quantization and a transform are applied to a prediction residual obtained using the coding modes, wherein the decoding uses the quantized transform coefficients of the encoded side information image. The estimated bitplanes of quantized transform coefficients of the desired image are combined to produce combined bitplanes. Then, an inverse quantization, an inverse transform and a prediction based on the coding modes are applied to the combined bitplanes to recover the estimate of the desired image.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to video segment identification and organization based on dynamic characterizations. A media component streams media content to a user device at a rate based at least in part on a congestion window size, and a trickle component determines the congestion window size based at least in part on a set of limiting criteria. The set of limiting criteria can include but is not limited to a queuing delay, a target transmission rate, and/or a packet loss compensation factor.

Abstract: A method of depth map generation is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: scaling down a video unit and a previous video unit to generate a reduced video unit and a reduced previous video unit; dividing the reduced video unit into N1 portions and a buffer into N2 storing units; performing a motion estimation for a target pixel of the reduced video unit to obtain a motion vector based on pixels in a preset search window established in the reduced previous video unit; assigning a depth value to the target pixel according to the motion vector; storing the target pixel in one of the N2 storing units sequentially; and, repeating the steps of performing, assigning and storing until all pixels of the reduced video unit are processed to obtain a motion depth map.

Abstract: Methods of encoding and decoding for video data are described for encoding or decoding coefficients for a transform unit. In particular, the sign bits for the non-zero coefficients are encoded using sign bit hiding. Two or more sets of coefficients are defined for the transform unit and a sign bit may be hidden for each set, subject to satisfaction of a threshold test. The sets may correspond to coefficient groups that are otherwise used in multi-level significance map encoding and decoding.

Abstract: A codec includes an encoder having a quantization level generator that defines a quantization level specific to a block of values (e.g., transform coefficients), a quantizer that quantizes the block of transform coefficients according to the block-specific quantization level, a run-length encoder, and an entropy encoder. The quantization level is defined to result in at least a predetermined number (k) of quantized coefficients having a predetermined value. The amount of data compression by the encoder is proportional to (k). The codec also includes a decoder having entropy and run-length decoding sections whose throughputs are proportional to (k). The decoder takes advantage of this increased throughput by further decoding coefficients in parallel using a plurality of decoding channels. Methods for encoding and decoding data are also disclosed. The invention is well-suited to quantization, entropy, and/or run-length-based codecs, such as JPEG.

Abstract: Techniques for transform based transcoding are described. A transcoding application may manage transcoding operations for media files. The transcoding application may comprise a file transcoder component to transcode a media file from a first compressed state corresponding to a first compression technique to a second compressed state corresponding to a second compression technique, wherein the second compression technique performs compression in a transform domain. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Visible artifacts in a video stream of pictures with slices are reduced by having a separate maximum transform size for intra coding units in inter coded slices as compared to intra coding units in intra coded slices and/or inter coding units or by penalizing the usage of large transform size for such intra coding units in inter coded slices as compared to intra coding units in intra coded slices and/or inter coding units.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, article of manufacture, and a memory structure for performing transform tree processing in advanced coding schemes is disclosed. Logical statements having two operands that can result in negative flag indexes have been replaced with conditional multiple logical statements with single operands.

Abstract: Image decoders encoders and transcoders incorporate gamut transformations. The gamut transformations alter tone, color or other characteristics of image data. The gamut transformations may comprise interpolation, extrapolation, direct mapping of pixel values and/or modification of an expansion function. Gamut transformations may be applied to generate image output (video or still) adapted for display on a target display.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for encoding video data and an apparatus and method for decoding video data are provided. The encoding method includes: splitting a current picture into at least one maximum coding unit; determining a coded depth to output an encoding result by encoding at least one split region of the at least one maximum coding unit according to operating mode of coding tool, respectively, based on a relationship among a depth of at least one coding unit of the at least one maximum coding unit, a coding tool, and an operating mode, wherein the at least one split region is generated by hierarchically splitting the at least one maximum coding unit according to depths; and outputting a bitstream including encoded video data of the coded depth, information regarding a coded depth of at least one maximum coding unit, information regarding an encoding mode, and information regarding the relationship.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an adaptive scheme is applied to an image encoding apparatus that includes an inter-predictor, an intra-predictor, a transformer, a quantizer, an inverse quantizer, and an inverse transformer, wherein input images are classified into two or more different categories, and two or more modules from among the inter-predictor, the intra-predictor, the transformer, the quantizer, and the inverse quantizer are implemented to perform respective operations in different schemes according to the category to which an input image belongs. Thus, the invention has the advantage of efficiently encoding an image without the loss of important information as compared to a conventional image encoding apparatus which adopts a packaged scheme.

Abstract: A method of decoding a transform unit (e.g., 400) of encoded video data using Golomb-Rice decoding is disclosed. Significant residual coefficients for a sub-set of the transform unit are determined A predetermined Rice parameter for Golomb-Rice decoding of the subset of the transform unit is selected. The predetermined Rice parameter being offset from a zero setting when the determined number of significant residual coefficients is higher than a predetermined threshold. The subset of the transform unit is decoded using the predetermined Rice parameter as an initial parameter for the Golomb-Rice decoding.

Abstract: A method of operation of a video system includes: generating a quantization matrix for a video input data, the quantization matrix having a corner seed and a right-bottom sub-quad coefficient estimated based on the corner seed; generating a video bitstream based on the quantization matrix; and generating a reconstructed video data with the video bitstream for displaying on a video device.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus includes an inter-pixel filter having filters for filtering decoded image data so as to remove block distortion which is high frequency noise around block boundaries. The inter-pixel filter includes filters having different filtering strengths. The coding apparatus also includes a filter processing control unit for determining a filtering strength of the inter-pixel filter.

Abstract: A decoding method decodes a bit stream in an image decoding apparatus. The method includes receiving a weight parameter that is added to a luma quantization parameter as the bit stream. The method also includes decoding, in a decoding unit in the image decoding apparatus, the bit stream, and generating a luma component of quantized coefficients and a chroma component of quantized coefficients. Further, the method includes performing, in a dequantization unit in the image decoding apparatus, dequantization on the luma component of quantized coefficients using the luma quantization parameter and the chroma component of quantized coefficients using a chroma quantization parameter calculated on the basis of the luma quantization parameter weighted by an add operation of the weight parameter. In addition, the method includes performing, in a transform unit in the image decoding apparatus, an inverse orthogonal transform.

Abstract: Encoding and decoding a video using transformation index that indicates information that indicates a structure of a transformation unit transforming data of a current coding unit.

Abstract: A method for representing a video sequence including a time sequence of input video frames, the input video frames including some common scene content that is common to all of the input video frames and some dynamic scene content that changes between at least some of the input video frames. Affine transform are determined to align the common scene content in the input video frames. A common video frame including the common scene content is determined by forming a sparse combination of a first basis functions. A dynamic video frame is determined for each input video frame by forming a sparse combination of a second basis functions, wherein the dynamic video frames can be combined with the respective affine transforms and the common video frame to provide reconstructed video frames.

Abstract: Efficient image compression for video data characterized by a non-neutral dominant white point is achieved by transforming the input video signal into a de-correlated video signal based on a color difference encoding transform, wherein the color difference encoding transform is adapted based on the dominant white point using an algorithm. The adapting algorithm is designed for optimizing low-entropy output when the white point is other than a neutral or equal-energy value.

Abstract: In some examples, a video coder employs a two-level technique to code information that identifies a position within the block of transform coefficients of one of the coefficients that is a last significant coefficient (LSC) for the block according to a scanning order associated with the block of transform coefficients. For example, a video coder may code a sub-block position that identifies a position of one of the sub-blocks that includes the LSC within the block, and code a coefficient position that identifies a position of the LSC within the sub-block that includes the LSC.

Abstract: A method for real-time disparity estimation of stereo video data receives sequence of frames of stereo video data. Image-based disparity estimation is initially conducted to produce initial disparity estimates, and the disparity estimates are refined in a space-time volume. The algorithm produces disparity via multi-thread process in which an output is independent of the input for each step of the process.

Abstract: In one example, an apparatus is disclosed for coding coefficients associated with a block of video data during a video coding process, wherein the apparatus includes a video coder configured to code information that identifies a position of a last non-zero coefficient within the block according to a scanning order associated with the block prior to coding information that identifies positions of other non-zero coefficients within the block, including at least one of the following: coding a one-dimensional position within the block that identifies the position of the last non-zero coefficient; coding a two-dimensional position within the block that identifies the position of the last non-zero coefficient, and coding a flag that indicates whether the last non-zero coefficient is located within a range of positions within the block, and coding the one-dimensional position when the last non-zero coefficient is located within the range, and otherwise coding the two-dimensional position.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus includes an inter-pixel filter having the filters for filtering decoded image data so as to remove block distortion which is high frequency noise around block boundaries. The inter-pixel filters includes filters having different filtering strength. The coding apparatus also includes a filter processing control unit for determining a filtering strength of the inter-pixel filter.

Abstract: A method of video coding in respect of a 4:2:2 chroma subsampling format comprises dividing image data into transform units; in the case of a non-square transform unit, splitting the non-square transform unit into square blocks prior to applying a spatial frequency transform; and applying a spatial frequency transform to the square blocks to generate corresponding sets of spatial frequency coefficients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a deblocking filtering method, a method for inducing bs (boundary strength) therefor, and a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding using the same. The method for inducing the bS of the present invention comprises the steps of: inducing a boundary of a deblocking filtering unit block as a unit block for applying the deblocking filtering; and setting the bS according to each bS setting unit block within the deblocking filtering unit block, wherein the bS setting step can set a bS value for a target boundary corresponding to a boundary of the deblocking filtering unit block as the bs setting unit block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the quality of a video is provided. The method comprises: generating a frame loss pattern of the video by indicating whether each frame in the video is lost or successfully transmitted; and evaluating the quality of the video as a function of the generated t came loss pattern.

Abstract: A method for transforming an image expressed in terms of a first image encoding to a second image encoding, includes converting a set of original scene exposure-factor values into corresponding first and second image encoding values. A transform is then derived between the first image encoding values and the second image encoding values. The transform is then applied to an image encoded in said first image encoding. Examples of different encoding that can be transformed include Rec. 709, sRGB and other known image encoding standards. A system for performing such transformations as well as an electronic device that is capable of performing such transformations are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of encoding and decoding for video data are described in which multi-level significance maps are used in the encoding and decoding processes. The significant-coefficient flags that form the significance map are grouped into contiguous groups, and a significant-coefficient-group flag signifies for each group whether that group contains no non-zero significant-coefficient flags. If there are no non-zero significant-coefficient flags in the group, then the significant-coefficient-group flag is set to zero. The set of significant-coefficient-group flags is encoded in the bitstream. Any significant-coefficient flags that fall within a group that has a significant-coefficient-group flag that is non-zero are encoded in the bitstream, whereas significant-coefficient flags that fall within a group that has a significant-coefficient-group flag that is zero are not encoded in the bitstream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for encoding and decoding a video stream. Each picture in a video stream can be divided into slices, each of which contains a contiguous row of macroblocks. All the blocks corresponding to a single video component within each slice can then be used as the basis for encoding the picture. By decomposing each picture into slices, the video stream can be efficiently converted for displays of varying size and/or quality. The encoded bitstream can include a slice table to allow direct access to each slice without reading the entire bitstream. Each slice can also be processed independently, allowing for parallelized encoding and/or decoding.

Abstract: Methods of encoding and decoding for video data are describe in which significance maps are encoded and decoded using non-spatially-uniform partitioning of the map into parts, wherein the bit positions within each part are associated with a given context. Example partition sets and processes for selecting from amongst predetermined partition sets and communicating the selection to the decoder are described.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a significance map of a matrix of video data coefficients is encoded or decoded using context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). The significance map scanned line-by-line along a scanning pattern. Each line may be a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal section of the scanning pattern. Context models for each element processed in a particular line are chosen based on values of neighboring elements that are not in the line. The neighboring elements may be limited to those contained within one or two other scanning lines. Avoiding reliance on neighbors that are in the same scanning line facilitates parallel processing.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing device including a transform unit configured to transform a coding parameter used in coding of a first image into a coding parameter of a second image which is different from the first image and is of substantially the same time as the first image, and a second-image coding unit configured to code the second image using the coding parameter of the second image obtained through the transform by the transform unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for decoding and encoding video are provided. A method includes obtaining bit strings corresponding to current transformation coefficient level information by arithmetic decoding a bitstream based on a context model that indicates a probability as to whether a bit from a bit string is a one or a zero, updating or maintaining a previous binarization parameter based on a comparison of a predetermined value and a size of a previous transformation coefficient, obtaining the current transformation coefficient level information by performing de-binarization of the bit strings using the determined current binarization parameter, and generating a size of a current transformation coefficient using the current transformation coefficient level information.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method of compressing video data having at least one frame having at least one block having an array of pixels. The method includes transforming the pixels of the at least one block into coefficients, creating a default transmission order of the coefficients, creating an optimal transmission order of the coefficients, comparing a coefficient position of at least one of the coefficients in the optimal transmission order with a coefficient position of the at least one of the coefficients in the default transmission order; determining an update value based on the comparison, and selectively encoding position information of the at least one of the coefficients in the optimal transmission order based on the update value.

Abstract: A digital media encoder/decoder includes signaling of various modes relating to computation complexity and precision at decoding. The encoder may send a syntax element indicating arithmetic precision (e.g., using 16 or 32-bit operations) of the transform operations performed at decoding. The encoder also may signal whether to apply scaling at the decoder output, which permits a wider dynamic range of intermediate data at decoding, but adds to computational complexity due to the scaling operation.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus which encodes picture data is provided. The apparatus comprises an encoding unit configured to encode a picture to be encoded; a decoding unit configured to decode the encoded picture; an SN ratio calculation unit configured to calculate an SN ratio using the picture to be encoded and a decoding result of the decoding unit; a setting unit configured to set a target SN ratio serving as an index of the SN ratio; a bitrate control unit configured to control a bitrate of the picture to be encoded based on the target SN ratio; and a motion detection unit configured to detect motion information between the picture to be encoded and another picture, wherein the bitrate control unit controls the bitrate based on the motion information, and a difference between the SN ratio and the target SN ratio.

Abstract: In an example, a method of transforming video data in video coding includes applying a first stage of a two-dimensional transform to a block of video data values to generate a block of first stage results, and applying a second stage of the two-dimensional transform to the block of first stage results without reordering the first stage results to generate a block of second stage results.

Abstract: Techniques are described for initializing a Rice parameter used to define codes for coefficient level coding. According to the techniques, the initial value of the Rice parameter is determined for a coefficient group (CG) in a transform block of video data based on statistics of coefficient levels that are gathered for previously coded coefficients of the video data. The statistics may be statistics of absolute values of coefficient levels or remaining absolute values of coefficient levels of previously coded coefficients. A value of the statistics may be initialized to zero at a beginning of a video slice and updated based on coefficient levels coded in each CG of the slice. The statistics may be updated once per CG. In some cases, statistics may be gathered separately for each of a plurality of different categories of CGs that are defined based on characteristics of transform blocks that include the CGs.

Abstract: A method and system for vector processor quantization acceleration for an encoding process. The encoding process is implemented using the hardware of a video processor. The method includes computing coefficients for a DCT (discrete cosine transform) encoding operation and determining a quantization step for use with a quantization operation for each of the coefficients. A vector processor is then used for quantization acceleration. Out of a range of possible quantized output values, the vector processor computes a set of quantized output values from the coefficients. The vector processor is configured to evaluate each of the quantized output values of the set in parallel. For the range of possible quantized output values that are not computed using the vector processor, the quantized output values are computed by using a multiplication logic path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing 2N×2N transform units (TUs) are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises determining a first-layer scanning order among four N×N sub-blocks of the 2N×2N TU; determining a second-layer scanning pattern for said four N×N sub-blocks; and providing scanned 2N×2N transform coefficients of the intra-coded or the inter-coded 2N×2N TU using double scanning based on the first-layer scanning order and the second-layer scanning pattern. In another embodiment, said determining the first-layer scanning order is dependent on the second-layer scanning pattern. The second-layer scanning pattern can be diagonal, horizontal or vertical.

Abstract: A method codes pictures in a bitstream, wherein the bitstream includes coded pictures to obtain data for associated TUs and data for generating a transform tree, and a partitioning of coding units (CUs) into Prediction Units (PUs), and data for obtaining prediction modes or directions associated with each PU. One or more mapping tables are defined, wherein each row of each table has an associated index and a first set of transform types to be used for applying an inverse transformation to the data in TU. The first set of transform types is selected according to an index, and then a second set of transform types is applied as the inverse transformation to the data, wherein the second set of transform types is determined according to the first set of transform types and a transform-toggle flag (ttf) to obtain a reconstructed prediction residual.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes determining motion parameters for a temporally-located block to a current block of video content. The temporally-located block is located in a different picture from the current block. The temporally-located block is identified in a merge mode candidate list. The merge mode candidate list includes candidate blocks in which motion parameters are candidates to be used for the current block. The method then signals information to a decoder to indicate which motion parameters from a candidate block on the merge mode candidate list to use in decoding the current block. If a temporally-located block is identified, the method uses motion parameters for the temporally-located block in decoding the current block of video content.

Abstract: Video encoding or decoding utilizing a spatial transform operating on rows and columns of a block, with a set of transform skip modes including: transform on rows and columns; transform on rows only; transform on columns only; no transform. An indication of the selected mode is provided to the decoder. Coefficients are scaled by a factor dependent upon the norm of the transform vector of the skipped transform to bring the untransformed image values to the same level as transformed coefficients.

Abstract: An apparatus generally having a plurality of memories and a first circuit is disclosed. The memories may be configured to store a plurality of first data points. The first data points generally form a two-dimensional block. The first data points may be arranged among the memories such that a load cycle from the memories accesses a rectangular region of the two-dimensional block. The load cycle generally comprises a plurality of read cycles, a different one of the read cycles corresponding to each one of the memories. The first circuit may be configured to (i) receive the first data points as read from the memories and (ii) generate a plurality of second data points by a video codec transformation of the first data points between a spatial domain and a frequency domain.

Abstract: A rotation-based multiple description video coding and decoding method, apparatus and system. The coding method comprises the following steps: extracting one frame f in a video sequence; carrying out symmetric transformation on the frame f, and then performing H.264 coding to obtain a description 1; and directly performing H.264 coding on the original frame f to obtain a description 2. The present invention also provides a redundancy adjustment coding method and a corresponding decoding apparatus and system. The method, apparatus and system of the present invention can be used for signal coding and decoding of multimedia information in an environment where error codes occur frequently.

Abstract: An initial content is encoded a first time to obtain a first encoded content. One or more parameters obtained from the first encoding are used to generate an encoding coefficient. The initial content is encoded a second time to obtain a second encoded content. The second encoding is performed using encoding coefficients, at least one of which is derived from the parameter associated with the first encoding. The two encodings can be implemented using a single encoder or two separate encoders.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for performing entropy encoding and decoding of video coefficients using a joint context model shared between transform units having different sizes. For example, the joint context model may be shared between transform units having a first size of 32×32 and transform units having a second size of 16×16. Performing entropy coding using a joint context model shared between transform units having different sizes may reduce an amount of memory necessary to store contexts and probabilities, and reduce computational costs of maintaining context models. In one example, the joint context model may be shared between transform units having the first size with coefficients zeroed out to generate a retained coefficient block having the second size and transform units having the second size. In another example, the joint context model may be shared between transform units having the first size and transform units having the second size.

Abstract: The technology in this application compresses multi-antenna complex-valued signals by exploiting both a spatial and a temporal correlation of the signals to remove redundancy within the complex-valued signals and substantially reduce the capacity requirement of backhaul links. At a receiver, the compressed signal is received, and a decompressor decompresses the received signal over space and over time to reconstruct the multiple antenna stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of decoding residual coefficients of a transform unit from a bitstream of video data. The method receives the transform unit (1500) from the bitstream of video data in which the transform unit has upper (1503) and lower (1502) level square layers. The upper level layer represents a square arrangement of at most four significant coefficient group flags with each of the significant coefficient group flags representing a non-overlapping region of the lower level layer. The method determines determining the significant coefficient group flags of the square upper level layer for the received transform unit, and determines values of residual coefficients of the square lower layer according to the determined significant coefficient group flags to decode the transform unit of the bitstream of video data. Corresponding encoding methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An idea used herein is to use the same function for the dependency of the context and the dependency of the symbolization parameter on previously coded/decoded transform coefficients. Using the same function—with varying function parameter—may even be used with respect to different transform block sizes and/or frequency portions of the transform blocks in case of the transform coefficients being spatially arranged in transform blocks. A further variant of this idea is to use the same function for the dependency of a symbolization parameter on previously coded/decoded transform coefficients for different sizes of the current transform coefficient's transform block, different information component types of the current transform coefficient's transform block and/or different frequency portions the current transform coefficient is located within the transform block.

Abstract: An encoder system may include an analyzer that analyzes a current image area in an input video to select a transform. A selectable residue transformer, controlled by the analyzer, may perform the selectable transform on a residue image generated from the current image area and a predicted current image area, to generate a transformed residue image. An encoder may encode the transformed residue image to generate output data. The analyzer controls the encoder to encode information to identify the selectable transform and to indicate that the selectable transform for the current image area is different from a transform of a previous image area of the input video. A decoder system may include components appropriate for decoding the output data from the encoder system.