Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for compensating a block error in an image frame. This may include a video codec decoder for decoding an inputted image frame, and outputting a decoded image frame. An error concealment block may detect an error-generated block in the decoded image frame and compensate the detected error block through a median filter, and output the compensated image frame.

Abstract: A system and method of decoding input video information is disclosed which includes performing error detection for each video block of a frame, determining whether a scene change occurs for the frame, and when an error is detected in a video block, performing spatial concealment by concealing error of the erroneous video block using neighboring video information within the frame when the erroneous video block is intraframe encoded or when a scene change is detected for the frame, or performing temporal concealment by replacing the erroneous video block with a reference video block from a reference frame when the erroneous video block is interframe encoded and when a scene change is not detected for the frame. The method may further include detecting false frames based on comparing current and new frame number and picture order count values of a new slice.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital television system carrying out modulation/demodulation by VSB (vestigial side band). A VSB transmitter includes an additional error correction encoder designed in a manner that a signal mapping of a TCM encoder is considered, a multiplexer (MUX), a TCM encoder operating in a manner corresponding to state transition processes of the additional error correction encoder, and a signal transmission part including an RF converter. And, A VSB receiver includes a signal receiver part receiving a signal transmitted from the transmitter, a TCM decoder, a signal processing part including a derandomizer, and an additional error correction decoder part.

Abstract: A method for determining a parity check matrix utilized in a flash memory system is disclosed. The parity check matrix comprises M×N blocks. The method includes generating a first set of candidate blocks as candidates of a first set of blocks of the M×N blocks; calculating a plurality of first estimated results corresponding to the first set of candidate blocks; determining content of a first block of the M×N blocks according to a best result of the first estimated results; generating a second set of candidate blocks as candidates of a second set of blocks of the M×N blocks; calculating a plurality of second estimated results corresponding to the second set of candidate blocks by considering the content of the first block; determining content a second block of the M×N blocks according to the second estimated results.

Abstract: A method for jam setting an initial frequency of a data clock recovery loop according to one embodiment includes generating a frequency error signal in a frequency error detector from sideband signals within a backscattered radio frequency signal, wherein the frequency error accumulates in a frequency error filter coupled to an output of the frequency error detector; at about an end of an acquisition period, freezing the accumulated frequency error in the frequency error filter; and using the frozen accumulated frequency error to jam set an initial frequency of a data clock recovery loop. Such methodology may also be implemented as a system using logic for performing the various operations. Additional systems and methods are also presented.

Abstract: In one method embodiment, receiving a video stream comprising a first compressed picture without associated time stamp information and a second compressed picture having associated first time stamp information, the second compressed picture following the first compressed picture in transmission order; deriving second time stamp information based on the first time stamp information; and processing the first compressed picture based on the second time stamp information.

Abstract: Gain Saturation (GS) for MRFME is where searching in more previous frames offers very limited or even no performance gain. Similarly, gain aggregation (GA) is where significant gain can be obtained by searching more frames. By dynamically determining, while encoding, if either condition applies, and changing the search range accordingly, complexity is reduced and speed can be increased.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for compensating a block error in an image frame. This may include a video codec decoder for decoding an inputted image frame, and outputting a decoded image frame. An error concealment block may detect an error-generated block in the decoded image frame and compensate the detected error block through a median filter, and output the compensated image frame.

Abstract: According to an implementation, a value of distortion is determined. The value is associated with at least a portion of a particular picture in a series of pictures. The value is based on distortion in the particular picture that is attributable to error in the particular picture or in a previous picture in the series. The value is also based on distortion in a subsequent picture in the series that is attributable to error in the particular picture or in a previous picture.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods whereby a base coded video signal is provided to a decoder having a set of post-processing stages. The base coded video signal can be decoded to produce a base decoded video signal. Post-processing of the base decoded video signal can be used to produce an enhanced quality video output signal. Application of a post-processing stage can be implemented according to the capabilities of the decoder and/or the instantaneous operating parameters of the decoder and/or characteristics of a display. A control signal, communicated over a dedicated channel separate from the base coded video signal, can be used initiate and/or aid implementation of a post-processing stage. The control signal can also provide information to assist/manage the decoding of the base coded video signal. The use of additional post-processing stages increases the complexity of an overall decoding process while improving the quality of a resulting reproduced video sequence.

Abstract: A video transcoder for converting a compressed input video bit-stream having one spatial resolution into a compressed output video bit-stream having a different spatial resolution in a manner that enables the transcoder to dynamically change the amount of computational resources allocated to the conversion process. In one embodiment, the video transcoder has a plurality of configurable processing paths whose configuration determines the amount of allocated computational resources. Exemplary processing-path configuration changes may include, but are not limited to engaging or disengaging a processing path, redirecting a data flow from flowing through one processing path to flowing through another processing path, and attaching or detaching one or more processing modules to an engaged processing path.

Abstract: A remote display system having a server to transmit moving image content data to a network, and a display terminal to receive and reproduce/display the image data, transmits the image data to which an error resilience code is attached, displays the image content together with other display elements on the display terminal, determines a display shape of the image content in the display, and changes an error resilience method in accordance with a result of the display shape determination.

Abstract: Various new and non-obvious apparatus and methods for using frame caching to improve packet loss recovery are disclosed. One of the disclosed embodiments is a method for using periodical and synchronized frame caching within an encoder and its corresponding decoder. When the decoder discovers packet loss, it informs the encoder which then generates a frame based on one of the shared frames stored at both the encoder and the decoder. When the decoder receives this generated frame it can decode it using its locally cached frame.

Abstract: A segment allocation determination unit of an image decoding device determines an allocation of segments, in accordance with processing capabilities of the image decoding units, so that the processing times of the image decoding units are equal. When a first error detection unit detects an error, a segment allocation determination unit performs control so that the segment including the error is allocated to an image decoding unit to which a predicted reference image of the segment is allocated. When any of second error detection units detect an error, the segment allocation determination unit controls allocation of the next series of segments with consideration to a bit amount skipped due to the error. This enables providing an image decoding device that can efficiently realize decoding with a plurality of image decoding units even when an error is detected.

Abstract: A system and a method for decoding a video is disclosed by the present invention. The system comprises a controller, a parser and a decoder, wherein the controller is used for sending a control command to the parser and receiving a status report from the parser; the parser is used for parsing a video stream according to the control command and sending a parsed result to the decoder; and the decoder is used for decoding the parsed result. By using the system and the method for decoding a video provided by the present invention, errors in a video stream can be concealed during the decoding process of the video, and then a desired video output effect can be achieved at a receiving end.

Abstract: Because of the encoding, decoding, and/or transmitting characteristic, the blocks affected by packet defect usually gather in a small spatial/temporal area. The viewers perception of each affected block will influence by other affected block in this small area. The invention proposes using processing means for clustering blocks affected by the packet loss into at least one cluster, for using at least one of spatial and temporal characteristics of the at least one cluster for determining a visibility value of the at least one cluster, for classifying the at least one cluster as belonging into one of at least two different class candidates, wherein each class candidate is associated with a different weight; for weighting the determined visibility value with the weight associated with the class of the at least one cluster, and for assessing the degradation of the video using a sum of the weighted visibility value.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for video decoding with application layer forward error correction in a wireless device are generally described herein. In some embodiments, the method receives a partial source symbol block that includes at least one encoded source symbol representing an original video frame. If the at least one encoded source symbol is systematic, the source symbol is decoded to recover a video frame. The video frame is provided to a video decoder that generates a portion of an original video signal from the recovered video frame.

Abstract: Turbo-coded data are transmitted using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) of COFDM carrier waves in digital television (DTV) broadcast systems. The QAM symbol constellations map the parity bits of the turbo coded data so as to be de-mapped with higher confidence levels than the data bits, facilitating turbo decoding. A preferred DTV receiver delays the first transmissions of time-slices of a service selected for iterative-diversity reception to concur with second transmissions of those time-slices. The complex coordinates of QAM constellations in the delayed first transmission and the second transmission of the same time-slice are combined by a maximal-ratio QAM combiner after COFDM demodulation, but before de-mapping QAM constellations and turbo decoding. In a less-preferred DTV receiver, QAM constellations in the delayed first transmission of each time-slice and in the second transmission of the same time-slice are de-mapped separately.

Abstract: Coding circuitry for difference-based data transformation in an illustrative embodiment comprises a difference-based encoder having a plurality of processing stages, with the difference-based encoder being configured to generate respective orders of difference from a sequence of data samples and to output encoded data determined based on at least a selected one of the orders of difference. The coding circuitry may be configured to implement lossless, linear compression of the sequence of data samples. The coding circuitry may additionally or alternatively comprise a difference-based decoder having a plurality of processing stages, with the difference-based decoder being configured to process encoded data comprising selected ones of a plurality of orders of difference and to reconstruct a sequence of data samples based on the selected orders of difference.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a process determines a size of a video unit (e.g., frame) to transmit from a sender to a receiver across a communication channel for an associated video stream, and also determines an updated packet loss rate on the channel. In response, the process may dynamically determine both a number N of video data packets and a number M of forward error correction (FEC) packets to transmit for the video unit based on the size of the video unit, the updated packet loss rate on the channel, and an error resilience requirement for the video stream. In an illustrative embodiment, N and M are determined during transmission of the video stream through a look-up operation into a table indexed by the size of the video unit and the updated packet loss rate as co-indices, the co-indices co-indexing a pre-determined N and M pair.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus according to the present invention, comprises: a motion detection unit that detects a motion vector from an input image; a determination unit that determines whether an image is moving in each pixel in use of the detected motion vector, and determines whether a motion pixel, about which determination has been made that the image is moving therein, exists in a predetermined range from a still pixel about which determination has been made that the image is not moving therein; and a correction unit that performs correction processing to decrease at least one of high frequency components, contrast, and luminance for the still pixel about which determination has been made that a motion pixel exists in the predetermined range.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a complex content packet in a broadcasting and communication system is provided. The method includes creating an Forward Error Correction (FEC) source block by using at least one MMT Processing Unit (MPU) included in at least one MPEG Media Transport (MMT) asset, and transmitting the FEC source block, wherein the FEC source block is generated so that a boundary of the at least one MPU and a boundary of the FEC source block do not deviate.

Abstract: A video transmission method is provided, which includes receiving state information from at least one mobile terminal that intends to perform a video stream service through a wireless network, determining a size of an image by selecting a specified spatial layer bit stream on the basis of the state information of the mobile terminal from a plurality of spatial layer bit streams generated at different bit rates during encoding of the bit stream, selecting a specified time and an SNR layer bit stream by increasing or decreasing time of the image and a layer position of the SNR layer bit stream on the basis of network parameters included in the state information of the mobile terminal, and transmitting the bit stream generated by extracting the specified layer bit stream of the selected layer to the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for staggercasting includes encoding a first signal representing content having a time duration and a second signal also representing that content. A time delay period is specified for the time duration of the content. A composite signal, comprising the first and second encoded signals, is generated. In the composite signal the first encoded signal is delayed with respect to the second encoded signal by the time delay period for the time duration of the content. If an error is detected in the composite signal, then the received second encoded signal is decoded to produce the content, otherwise the delayed received first encoded signal is decoded to produce the content.

Abstract: Techniques for synchronizing error concealment during video decoding include determining a decoding error. A recovery point within a current frame is determined for each decoding error. The determined recovery point may be the start of the next good slice of a frame after the current frame containing the error. The number of macroblock to be concealed is also determined. The determined number of macroblocks from the recovery point may then be concealed in hardware or software. The techniques for concealing errors may also include determining available macroblocks for use in concealing the error. The techniques for concealing errors may further include selecting a given concealment mode.

Abstract: Estimating and determining causes of video artifacts and video source delivery issues is conducted by a hybrid approach utilizing both video coding layer with DCT information as well as pixel domain information. Coded syntax elements and data as well as sample information in the compressed frequency domain of the video coding layer is analyzed in real time and parallel image analysis algorithms are performed on pixel samples on the GPU core. Computed values from the video coding layer and the image layer are combined to deduce cause of the video artifact and video source delivery issues.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of processing a multimedia frame comprising a first section received in error are disclosed. The method comprises obtaining temporal prediction data corresponding to a first reference frame. The method further comprises determining whether the first reference frame is reliable for estimating the first section. The method further comprises estimating the first section received in error based on one or more sections other than the first section of the multimedia frame and the first reference frame, if it is determined that the first reference frame is reliable.

Abstract: Provided is a coding method that allows reduction of a code amount necessary for coding reference indexes and improvement in the coding efficiency. The coding method according to the present invention is a method of coding a random accessible picture using inter-view reference, and includes: writing, into a slice header of the random accessible picture, a reference list modification syntax for modifying a reference picture list so that an inter-view reference picture is placed at the beginning of the reference picture list (S103); placing the inter-view reference picture at the beginning of the reference picture list (S104); and coding a current slice included in the random accessible picture, using the reference picture list (S105).

Abstract: Error mitigation techniques are provided for video coding system in which input frames are selected for coding either as a Random Access Pictures (“RAP frames”) or as a non-RAP frame. Coded RAP frames may include RAP identifiers that set an ID context for subsequent frames. Coded non-RAP frames may include RAP identifiers that match the RAP identifiers that were included in the coded RAP frames. Thus, in the absence of transmission errors, a coded non-RAP frame should include a RAP identifier that matches the identifier of the preceding RAP frame. If the identifier of a non-RAP frame does not match the identifier of the RAP frame that immediately preceded it, then it indicates that a RAP frame was lost during transmission. In this case, the decoder may engage error recovery processes.

Abstract: A wireless communications device may include a portable housing and a temperature-compensated clock circuit carried by the portable housing. The device may further include a wireless receiver carried by the portable housing for receiving timing signals, when available, from a wireless network, and a satellite positioning clock circuit carried by the portable housing. A clock correction circuit may be carried by the portable housing for correcting the temperature-compensated clock circuit based upon timing signals from the wireless network when available, and storing historical correction values for corresponding temperatures. The clock correction circuit may also correct the temperature-compensated clock circuit based upon the stored historical correction values when timing signals are unavailable from the wireless network, and correct the satellite positioning clock based upon the temperature-compensated clock circuit.

Abstract: There is provided a method of optimizing Rate Distortion Optimization candidate assessment in hardware apparatus, comprising determining which Rate Distortion Optimization candidates out of a plurality of candidates are separately processable, determining a processing delay of critical portions of candidate assessment hardware, determining a rule set governing how the separately processable candidates may be ordered for processing, determining an optimized processing order for processing the separately processable candidate assessments, dependent on the processing delay of critical portions of the candidate assessment hardware and the determined rule set, and processing the candidates according to the determined processing order. There is also provided an apparatus for carrying out the improved Rate Distortion Optimization method.

Abstract: There is disclosed in aspects of the invention a method of evaluating the profit of a substream of encoded video data, a method of operating servers, a network and an apparatus. In the method, a data portion is identified comprising at least some of the data in the substream being evaluated; comparing a decoded version of the video with the data portion present and a decoded version of the video with the data portion removed and calculating an error metric indicative of the distortion between the two versions; and, calculating a profit for the substream dependent upon the error metric.

Abstract: A basic pattern generating unit 81 generates a film grain basic pattern 86 in which the histogram of random noise is substantially the same as the film grain basic pattern information 53. The film grain basic pattern 86 is of (64×64) pixels and an area of (16×16) pixels is cut out and supplied to a multiplier 84. Strength information 88 is generated based on film grain strength information 54 produced on the encoding side and an average value 87 of a pixel value in the area of (16×16) pixels of decoded image information 42. The strength of basic pattern 86 is adjusted by this strength information 88. Film grain image 89 whose strength is adjusted is added to the area of (16×16) pixels of the decoded image information 42 by an adder 85 by the unit of pixel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of processing data. The method of processing data includes receiving a broadcasting signal where mobile service data are multiplexed with main service data, extracting transmission-parameter-channel signaling information and fast-information-channel signaling information from a data group within the received mobile service data; obtaining first program table information describing virtual channel information of an ensemble and a service provided by the ensemble using the fast-information-channel signaling information, the ensemble the ensemble corresponding to a virtual channel group of the received mobile service data, obtaining information indicating that second program table information, which describes an additional service provided by the ensemble, is included in the ensemblem and parsing the second program table information according to the obtained information; and providing the additional service by using the second program table information.

Abstract: A system including one or more stream sources and a stream controller. The one or more stream sources may be configured to generate a plurality of input streams containing a given content at a plurality of bitrates, a plurality of resolutions, or a plurality of bitrates and resolutions. The stream controller may be configured to generate a plurality of output streams in response to the plurality of input streams. The stream controller may be further configured to (i) determine when one of the plurality of input streams becomes invalid, (ii) switch generation of an output stream associated with the invalid input stream from the invalid input stream to a valid one of the plurality of input streams, and (iii) when the invalid input stream becomes valid again, switch the generation of the output stream back to the now valid input stream.

Abstract: An error concealment method and apparatus for an audio signal and a decoding method and apparatus for an audio signal using the error concealment method and apparatus. The error concealment method includes selecting one of an error concealment in a frequency domain and an error concealment in a time domain as an error concealment scheme for a current frame based on a predetermined criteria when an error occurs in the current frame, selecting one of a repetition scheme and an interpolation scheme in the frequency domain as the error concealment scheme for the current frame based on a predetermined criteria when the error concealment in the frequency domain is selected, and concealing the error of the current frame using the selected scheme.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitting system includes a first frame decoder, a second frame decoder, and a frame multiplexer. The first frame decoder forms first enhanced data frames, encodes each data frame for error correction, forms a first super frame by combining the encoded first frames, and interleaves the first super frame. The second frame decoder forms second enhanced data frames, encodes each data frame for error correction, forms a second super frame by combining the encoded second frames, and interleaves the second super frame. The frame multiplexer multiplexes the interleaved first and second enhanced data frames.

Abstract: A video codec having a modular structure for encoding/decoding a digitized sequence of video frames in a multi-core system is described. The video codec comprises a memory unit; a multithreading engine. and a plurality of control and task modules organized in a tree structure, each module corresponding to a coding operation. The modules communicate with each other by control messages and shared memory. The control modules control all coding logic and workflow, and lower level task modules perform tasks and provide calculations upon receiving messages from the control task modules. The multithreading engine maintains context of each task and assigns at least one core to each task for execution. The method of coding/decoding comprises an error resilient algorithm.

Abstract: A method of video encoding including receiving a video signal to be coded; coding data representing a frame of said video signal; and repeating part, but not all, of the data. The repeated part including the picture header for the frame. A method of decoding an encoded video signal including receiving coded data representing frames of a video signal; examining the coded data to detect header data and picture data; when an error in the picture header is detected, storing the picture data in a temporary picture data store, detecting a repeat of the header data; and decoding the stored picture data using the repeated header data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for integrated transcoding on a plurality of data channels to convert one or more data channels from an incoming encoding format to an outgoing encoding format are disclosed.

Abstract: A system receives a first word on which to perform error correction; identifies combinations in which encoded bits, within the first word, can be inverted; generates candidate words based on the first word and the combinations; decodes the candidate words; determines distances between the decoded words and the first word; selects, as a second word, one of the decoded words associated with a shortest distance; compares the second word to the first word to identify errors within the first word; generates a value to cause a reliability level of the first word to increase when a quantity of the errors is less than a threshold; generates another value to cause a reliability level of the first word to decrease when the quantity of the errors is not less than the threshold; and outputs a third word based on the first word, and the value or the other value.

Abstract: A method of processing a video input which transmits pictures of a first view and pictures of a second view includes: checking the video input to detect if a first picture of one of the first and second views is correctly paired with a second picture of the other of the first and second views for a specific presentation time, and accordingly generating a detecting result; and referring to the detecting result for selectively performing a predetermined processing operation upon the video input.

Abstract: A method for performing temporal error concealment is provided. The method includes the following steps: detecting a damaged macroblock having four 8×8 damaged blocks; obtaining motion vectors of a plurality of 4×4 neighboring blocks surrounding the damaged macroblock; and for each of the 8×8 damaged blocks, determining a predicted motion vector according to motion vectors of six of the plurality of 4×4 neighboring blocks which are closest to the 8×8 damaged block.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus providing error protection in multicast-broadcast service by encoding multimedia content according to a first protocol to provide a plurality of distinct video streams, coding each of the distinct video streams using respective coding protocols, wherein each coding protocol has associated with it corresponding descriptors and coefficients, and multiplexing the coded video streams toward a wireless network.

Abstract: In a method of analyzing an input video sequence, pixels of synthesized images of an output video sequence are associated with respective directions of regularity belonging to a predefined set of directions. A first subset of candidate directions is determined from the predefined set of directions for a region of a first image of the output sequence. For a corresponding region of a second synthesized image of the output sequence following the first image, a second subset of candidate directions is determined from the predefined set of directions, based on images of the input sequence and the first subset of candidate directions. The directions of regularity for pixels of this region of the second synthesized image are detected from the second subset of candidate directions. The recursive determination of the subsets of candidate directions provides a sparse geometry for efficiently analyzing the video sequence.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of transmitting a broadcasting signal includes: encoding data; encoding signaling data by an LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) scheme; building a signal frame based on at least one preamble data symbol having the encoded signaling data and a data slice having the encoded data; inserting at least one pilot into the signal frame with a specific pattern and modulating the signal frame by an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method; and transmitting the modulated signal frame. A signaling block having the signaling data is repeated in the at least one preamble data symbol in a frequency domain by a bandwidth. The bandwidth of the signaling block corresponds to a number of active subcarriers assigned to a single channel.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting transmission and/or reception system having an improved reception performance and a signal-processing method thereof. A digital broadcasting transmitter comprises a TRS encoder for to TRS-encode an MPEG-2 transmission stream having null data for inserting an SRS data and a TRS parity at predetermined positions, randomizer to input and randomize data stream from the TRS encoder, a SRS exchanger to replace the null data for inserting the SRS data to the known data, and an encoder for encoding a data streams to which the Known data is inserted. Accordingly, the present invention detects the known data from a signal received from a reception side and uses the detected known data for synchronization and equalization and further uses the TRS parity for correcting error of the received signal, so that the digital broadcasting reception performance can be improved at poor multipath channels.

Abstract: Various new and non-obvious apparatus and methods for using frame caching to improve packet loss recovery are disclosed. One of the disclosed embodiments is a method for using periodical and synchronized frame caching within an encoder and its corresponding decoder. When the decoder discovers packet loss, it informs the encoder which then generates a frame based on one of the shared frames stored at both the encoder and the decoder. When the decoder receives this generated frame it can decode it using its locally cached frame.

Abstract: A channel switching processing method, system, and related devices are provided. The method includes: receiving, by a switching server, a channel switching request sent by a receiving end; and when the switching server determines that current switching resource information does not meet a switching condition according to the channel switching request, performing, by the switching server, an exception handling procedure, and sending channel switching instruction information to the receiving end, in which the channel switching instruction information is configured to instruct the receiving end to perform a channel switching operation corresponding to the channel switching instruction information. A channel switching processing system and related devices are also provided. Therefore, the channel switching efficiency may be effectively improved.

Abstract: Systems and methods for efficiently encoding and/or reformatting video data including transparent overlay portions are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes using two prediction regions for predicting the portion of the video including the transparent overlay. In one embodiment, a first of the two prediction regions is determined based on motion compensated prediction in reference to another video frame and a second of the two prediction regions is a collocated portion of video in another frame as referenced by a virtual zero motion vector. A mixing weight factor to be used for combining the two predictions is determined. In one embodiment, the mixing weight factor is determined based on the relative values of two error metrics, a first error metric related to the motion compensated prediction and a second error metric related to the collocated prediction of the virtual zero motion vector.