Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems and methods to generate a signal in a communication network. The method comprises filtering a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) data signal, and one of a DFT-S-OFDM and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) reference signal (RS) using a data filter and a RS filter respectively, to produce filtered data signal and filtered RS. The RS filter has one to one relationship with the data filter. Thereafter, port mapping the filtered RS to a corresponding port assigned to the transmitter to obtain port mapped filtered RS, wherein the port mapped filtered RS comprises a first subset of non-zero locations comprising of the filtered RS values and a second subset of zero locations comprising of zero values.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a high-efficiency short training field sequence generation method, a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and related apparatuses, where the high-efficiency short training sequence generation method includes: increasing frequency domain density of a frequency domain sequence corresponding to a first high-efficiency short training field sequence to generate a frequency domain sequence with increased frequency domain density; generating a second high-efficiency short training field sequence according to the frequency domain sequence with increased frequency domain density; and using the second high-efficiency short training field sequence as a high-efficiency short training field sequence in a preamble sequence of a data transmission frame in a wireless local area network WLAN.

Abstract: Physical layer processing methods for network acquisition by remote nodes in wireless communication systems are described herein. New methods for wireless network discovery and synchronization by remote nodes are described herein that utilize spatial (e.g., antenna array) processing algorithms which may achieve enhanced functioning in challenging radio frequency environments, such as those containing interference and multipath distortion effects. These methods may include advantageous use of spatial whiteners and associated pluralities of adaptive beamformers to detect network reference and synchronization signals and estimate their parameters.

Abstract: In example implementations, methods for selecting a network connection for paired endpoint devices and an apparatus for performing the same is provided. The method includes establishing a connection to a mobile endpoint device. A first quality score associated with a wireless connection of the mobile endpoint device is calculated based on a parameter associated with the wireless connection between the mobile endpoint device and a wireless network. A network selection is made based on a comparison of the first quality score and a second quality score. The second quality score is associated with a connection between the computer and a communication network.

Abstract: A method includes transmitting, by a transmitter and over a transmit channel to a remote device, a signal that includes a plurality of signal points and receiving, by a receiver and over a receive channel from the remote device, a response signal that includes a plurality of response points corresponding to the plurality of signal points. The method also includes adjusting the plurality of signal points of the signal until logical values of the plurality of response points invert to produce an adjusted signal, estimating, based on the adjusted signal, a pulse response of the transmit channel, and applying equalization in the transmitter based on the estimated pulse response to reduce an effect of the pulse response on the signal.

Abstract: A digital broadcast receiving device includes a multi-channel tuning device, a first de-multiplexing device, a second de-multiplexing device. The multi-channel tuning device includes a plurality of locking devices, wherein the locking devices are arranged to lock a broadcast signal at a plurality of frequency points, and respectively output a plurality of data streams that correspond to the frequency points. The first de-multiplexing device includes a plurality of first de-multiplexing units, wherein the first de-multiplexing units are respectively associated with one of the locking devices and arranged to respectively buffer data units in the data streams that correspond to specific types. The second de-multiplexing device is coupled to the first de-multiplexing device and includes a plurality of second de-multiplexing units, wherein the second de-multiplexing units are arranged to respectively buffer data units that are buffered by the first de-multiplexing units and correspond to specific channels.

Abstract: A wireless communication method including: transmitting, from a base station, a signal in a second control channel that is used for transmitting information indicating a resource of first resource information indicating a resource of a first control channel, and receiving, by a wireless terminal, second resource information that indicates the resource of the first control channel and that is transmitted from the wireless base station before a transmission of the second control channel from the wireless base station to the wireless terminal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described for reducing overhead associated with a cyclic prefix (CP) by supporting dynamic determination of a CP length. For example, a user equipment (UE) may establish a wireless connection with a base station by receiving initial communications according to a numerology and a first CP configuration associated with a first CP length. The UE may determine a second CP length after establishing the wireless connection and may transmit an indication to the base station, indicating the second CP length. The base station may receive the indication and may transmit downlink signals according to a second CP configuration associated with the second CP length. The initial communications and the downlink signals may be associated with a same numerology or subcarrier spacing.

Abstract: A transmitting UE schedules radio frequency resources for use in a data transmission. The transmitting UE determines the transmission bandwidth, subject to certain restrictions, such as allowed DFT sizes for the UE for a data transmission. The determination may be performed through autonomous resource selection operations and/or may be performed using information received through signaling received from the network node as part of a scheduling grant. The UE further determines the ALLOCATED BANDWIDTH. The ALLOCATED BANDWIDTH can be determined based on the TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH, which has been determined, using a defined rule. Furthermore, the UE generates and transmits toward a receiving UE a scheduling assignment (SA) that indicates the number or the set of subchannels that are within, and conform to, the ALLOCATED BANDWIDTH which was determined. The UE can then perform the data transmission using the SA indicated number or set of subchannels.

Abstract: A wireless device, network node and methods using new radio time division duplex, NR-TDD, are provided. In one embodiment, the network node includes processing circuitry configured to configure placement of downlink control messages over at least two symbols of a NR TDD slot. The at least two symbols are different symbols in the time domain.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. A transmitter node and a relay node transmit, to a base station, feedback related to complex channel estimates associated with beam pairs providing viable paths for a first link between the transmitter node and the base station, a second link between the relay node and the base station, and a third link between the transmitter node and the relay node. The transmitter node transmits a signal to the base station using a transmit beam associated with a first beam pair and to the relay node using a transmit beam associated with a second beam pair. The base station receives the signal from the transmitter node and an estimate of the signal from the relay node via a receive beam configured based at least in part on the complex channel estimates included in the feedback. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A delay doppler domain transformation can be used to estimate characteristics of a channel between a base station and a user equipment or alternatively, between the user equipment and another user equipment. Thus, the velocity and the distance position of the user equipment can be calculated. For example, a signal received in the time-frequency domain, can be converted to the delay doppler domain by the base station. In response to the conversion, the base station can estimate the velocity of the user equipment. The velocity can be utilized by various applications. For example, the velocity can be utilized to alert the other user equipment to the location or an anticipated location of the user equipment.

Abstract: A method receives error measurements from network elements. Groups of network elements are generated based on similarity of error measurements and a bitloading profile for each of the groups of network elements is generated based on the error measurements for each respective group. Each bitloading profile includes a modulation level determined to be sufficient for transporting content to respective groups of network elements. The method then assigns a set of bitloading profiles to each network element based on the groups of network elements and the bitloading profile generated for each of the groups. The bitloading profile for each of the groups of network elements and the assigned set of bitloading profiles are output to a network device. The network device uses the bitloading profiles to modulate content sent to respective customer premise equipment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to: a method for transmitting a physical random access channel (PRACH) in at least one carrier from among a first carrier group on the basis of a channel sensing result, receiving a random access response (RAR) in at least one carrier from among a second carrier group in response to the transmission of the PRACH, and transmitting a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on the basis of the RAR; and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A method of operating a network node in a NR radio access network includes transmitting channel state information reference signaling, CSI-RS, the CSI-RS having a CSI-RS pattern in frequency domain over a range of subcarriers including a reference subcarrier, wherein in a first frequency range below the reference subcarrier, the CSI-RS pattern includes a first sub-pattern represented by a repeated flush arrangement of a pattern element covering a number NP of subcarriers, and in a second frequency range above the reference subcarrier, the CSI-RS pattern includes a second sub-pattern represented by a repeated flush arrangement of the pattern element, wherein the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are separated in frequency domain by an interrupting pattern having a number NI of subcarriers, wherein NI> 0 and NI is different from NP. The disclosure also pertains to related methods and devices.

Abstract: Example aspects include a method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for wireless communication at a base station of a wireless communication network, comprising obtaining a downlink channel response of a downlink channel. The aspects further include determining to perform tone reservation with separated tone reservation null indications on a downlink transmission from the base station to a user equipment (UE). Additionally, the aspects include selecting a plurality of channel nulls of the downlink transmission. Additionally, the aspects include assigning a tone reservation quantity to each channel null of the plurality of channel nulls resulting in a plurality of tone reservation quantities. Additionally, the aspects include sending, to the UE via the downlink channel, a tone reservation report. Additionally, the aspects include sending, to the UE via the downlink channel, the downlink transmission according to the plurality of channel nulls and the plurality of tone reservation quantities.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems of wireless communication in accordance with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques. Some implementations more specifically relate to aligning aggregate medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (A-MPDU) subframes with codeword boundaries in a physical-layer service data unit (PSDU). The alignment may be performed by selectively adding padding bits to the PSDU based on the size of each A-MPDU subframe and the lengths of the codewords. In some aspects, an A-MPDU subframe may be aligned with a first codeword of the PSDU so that the first A-MPDU subframe is encoded exclusively within the first codeword. In some other aspects, an A-MPDU subframe may be aligned with two or more contiguous codewords of the PSDU so that the two or more contiguous codewords include the A-MPDU subframe and no portions of any other A-MPDU subframe.

Abstract: In example implementations, methods for selecting a network connection for paired endpoint devices and an apparatus for performing the same is provided. The method includes establishing a connection to a mobile endpoint device. A first quality score associated with a wireless connection of the mobile endpoint device is calculated based on a parameter associated with the wireless connection between the mobile endpoint device and a wireless network. A network selection is made based on a comparison of the first quality score and a second quality score. The second quality score is associated with a connection between the computer and a communication network.

Abstract: A method for handling a Random Access (RA) procedure in the Bandwidth Part (BWP) switching operation includes: receiving, by a User Equipment (UE), Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a BWP switching indication via a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) when the UE performs a first RA procedure on a first BWP; and performing, by the UE, at least one of a plurality of procedures in response to the BWP switching indication. The procedures include: stopping the first RA procedure on the first BWP and initiating a second RA procedure on a second BWP indicated by the BWP switching indication; and ignoring the BWP switching indication to continue with the first RA procedure.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods, device, system that provide a codebook indication operation. In one example, a codebook indication method includes: receiving by a terminal device, a transmission parameter indication information indicating an index of one codebook subset configuration of three codebook subset configurations in the terminal device from a base station, wherein the three codebook subset configurations in the terminal device are related to fully coherent, partial coherent, and incoherent respectively, and the codebook subset configuration related to fully coherent includes M indexes, the codebook subset configuration related to partial coherent includes N indexes, and the codebook subset configuration related to incoherent includes K indexes, wherein M is an integer larger than N, and N is larger than K; and determining a transmission layer and precoding matrix associated with the index according to the transmission parameter indication information.

Abstract: This application discloses a reference signal transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: generating one or more OFDM symbols, where at least one OFDM symbol includes a PTRS resource block, the PTRS resource block includes at least two of three sequences: a PTRS sequence of Y elements, X elements after the PTRS sequence, and Z elements before the PTRS sequence, and the PTRS resource block occupies a plurality of consecutive resource elements REs, where X, Y, and Z are all integers; and sending the one or more OFDM symbols. According to the foregoing method and apparatus, inter-carrier interference is reduced, thereby improving spectral efficiency.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may communicate with a base station by initiating a random access procedure with a two-root preamble. The UE may receive, from the base station, control signaling that indicates a set of root preamble sequences. The UE may transmit, to the base station, a preamble signal that is generated based on a first root preamble sequence and a second root preamble sequence of the set of root preamble sequences. The UE may then monitor for a preamble response based on the preamble signal. In some cases, the base station may be a base station in a terrestrial network. In other cases, the base station may be a satellite in a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

Abstract: Provided are a timer-based bandwidth part (BWP) switching method, a terminal device, and a network device. The method is applied to a terminal device. A BWP and a non-dynamic scheduling resource are configured for the current serving cell of the terminal device, and a BWP deactivation timer is configured for the currently activated BWP. The method includes: after receiving indication information, the terminal device determines whether to stop, start, or adjust the BWP deactivation timer, the indication information being used for indicating that the terminal device activates or deactivates the non-dynamic scheduling resource.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data processing method and apparatus, a device, a storage medium, and a processor. The data processing method includes: acquiring a first sequence, where the first sequence includes one of: a sequence obtained by processing a first specified element of a second sequence, or a sequence acquired from a first sequence set, and the first sequence set includes one of: a sequence set obtained by processing M sequence sets, or a preset first sequence set; and processing first data by using the first sequence, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a communication scheme and system for converging a 5th generation (5G) communication system for supporting a data rate higher than that of a 4th generation (4G) system with an internet of things (IoT) technology. The disclosure is applicable to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail, and security and safety-related services) based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology. A method for determining a local frequency in a wireless communication system includes identifying frequency bands in use for communication, identifying, based on a first frequency band being in use for communication, a first subcarrier located at the center of the first frequency band among multiple subcarriers constituting the first frequency band, and determining a frequency between the first subcarrier and a second subcarrier closest to the first subcarrier as the local frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for phase noise reference signal (PNRS) transmission, comprising receiving, at a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), scheduling information for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission, wherein the scheduling information includes an indication of a set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) and a modulation coding scheme (MCS) level, determining a density for the PNRS transmission based on at least one of: the MCS level, a frequency band for the PUSCH transmission, or a subcarrier spacing of the PUSCH transmission, and transmitting the PUSCH in the scheduled set of PRBs using the determined density of PNRS.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system such as LTE.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to uplink cooperative multi-User Equipment (UE) cooperative transmission such as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission. Source data of a source UE that is to be transmitted via uplink cooperative transmission by multiple UEs, is transmitted to at least one cooperative UE over an SL. The source data is associated with an identifier for identifying the UE to the network equipment as a source of the source data. The multiple UEs transmit the source data and the identifier in an uplink direction to the network equipment. The network equipment receives the source data from the multiple UEs in a cooperative transmission such as cooperative MIMO transmission, and obtains the identifier for identifying the source UE as the source of the source data.

Abstract: An uplink power control method comprises: receiving configuration information of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) from a base station, wherein the configuration information of the CSI-RS comprises reference signal port information and reference signal power information; and measuring a path loss for uplink power control based on the configuration information of the CSI-RS. Using the CSI-RS to measure the path loss differs from using a common CRS in that the CSI-RS may be aimed at a specific base station. Therefore, path loss measurement may be performed with respect to a target base station of uplink transmission, enabling the path loss compensation to match the actual path loss, thus improving the performance of uplink power control.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for a station for transmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and an apparatus for the method. More specifically, disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving a signal and an apparatus for the method, the method, when a station transmits and receives a signal by means of a channel in which three channels have been bonded, generating an enhanced directional multi gigabit (EDMG) short training field (STF) for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) packet, and transmitting and receiving a signal comprising the generated EDMG STF field.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for implementing enhancements to advanced Channel State Information (CSI) reporting procedures are provided. A User Equipment (UE) receives at least one trigger message for reporting advanced CSI by the UE, and takes one or more actions to reduce at least one of feedback overhead or processing at the UE associated with the reporting.

Abstract: A resource mapping method and a resource mapping device are provided. The method includes: determining multiple contiguous virtual resource blocks; and mapping the multiple virtual resource blocks to multiple physical resource blocks in a distributed-type resource mapping manner, where at least two physical resource blocks of the multiple physical resource blocks are contiguous.

Abstract: Examples described herein include systems and methods which include wireless devices and systems with examples of full duplex compensation with a self-interference noise calculator. The self-interference noise calculator may be coupled to antennas of a wireless device and configured to generate adjusted signals that compensate self-interference. The self-interference noise calculator may include a network of processing elements configured to combine transmission signals into sets of intermediate results. Each set of intermediate results may be summed in the self-interference noise calculator to generate a corresponding adjusted signal. The adjusted signal is received by a corresponding wireless receiver to compensate for the self-interference noise generated by a wireless transmitter transmitting on the same frequency band as the wireless receiver is receiving.

Abstract: A method for producing a design includes receiving a set of design constraints. A spatial field is created based on the design constraints. The spatial field is represented with a linear combination of one or more bases. A number of the one or more bases is less than a number of elements in the spatial field. Respective weights are optimized for each of the one or more bases. A design is produced based on the spatial field and the weights.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reference signal transmission method, a reference signal transmission device, a base station and a user equipment. The transmission method of the present disclosure includes: implicitly or explicitly indicating to a user equipment (UE), position information of a target subcarrier for mapping a target phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) port, among subcarriers occupied by a target demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port. The target DMRS port is a DMRS port associated with the target PTRS port.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for transmitting an uplink signal and a downlink signal. A method for transmitting an uplink signal comprises detecting whether there is a beam failure; if there is a beam failure, determining at least one of whether there is a candidate downlink transmission beam(s) or candidate downlink transmission beam information; and transmitting a beam failure recovery request message to a base station, the beam failure recovery request message being used for informing the base station of at least one of whether there is a candidate downlink transmission beam(s) or candidate downlink transmission beam information. A method for transmitting a downlink signal comprises detecting a beam failure recovery request message, determining at least one of whether there is a candidate downlink transmission beam(s) or candidate downlink transmission beam information in the UE; and transmitting a feedback message corresponding to the beam failure recovery request message.

Abstract: A demodulation method and apparatus is disclosed that is for use on a modulated communication signal. The method includes receiving the modulated signal including a first set of complex symbols and at least one further set of complex symbols; applying a Forward Error Correction (FEC) decoding technique; applying a first phase estimation technique to the first set of symbols; applying a second phase estimation technique to the further set of symbols to determine phase information for the modulation signal using a first phase estimation means; and repeating in part using at least one further phase estimation means to identify the presence of phase rotation. Beneficially the method enables the use of large block sizes in the FEC technique.

Abstract: A receiver for detecting and recovering payload data from a received signal is provided. The receiver includes a detector, a frequency synchronizer, and a demodulator. The receiver is configured to detect the received signal. The received signal includes the payload data and signalling data for use in detecting and recovering the payload data. The frequency synchronizer is configured to process the received signal so as to compensate for a frequency offset in the received signal. The demodulator is configured to detect the one or more first symbols and the one or more second symbols, to recover the signalling data from the one or more first symbols, and to use the signalling data to recover the payload data from the one or more second symbols. The sequence is a signature sequence associated with a transmitter of the received signal.

Abstract: A method for receiving data includes receiving a transmission signal through a channel, adjusting the intensity of the transmission signal to generate an adjusted transmission signal according to an analog gain level, converting the adjusted transmission signal into a digital signal, filtering the digital signal to generate a filtered signal according to a set of filter coefficients, and adjusting intensity of the filtered signal according to a digital gain level. The method further includes, in a training mode, estimating a transmission condition of the channel and adjusting the analog gain level and the digital gain level according to the transmission condition for obtaining convergent values for the set of filter coefficients before the training mode ends, and in a data mode, performing a gain adjustment operation to adjust the analog gain level and to adjust the digital gain level according to the adjustment made to the analog gain level.

Abstract: A measurement method, a base station and a terminal are provided. The method includes: a base station sends a switch message for a narrow bandwidth reception mode to a terminal to instruct the terminal to switch to a designated narrow bandwidth to receive information, wherein a width of the narrow bandwidth is less than a width of a system bandwidth; the base station schedules the terminal to switch to the system bandwidth to measure a downlink reference signal when channel state information of a downlink channel needs to be measured.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to an information sending method and apparatus, and an information determining method and apparatus. This application provides an information sending method, including: determining, by a terminal device, a first time length corresponding to first information, where the first information is information about a data transmission resource; and sending, by the terminal device, a scheduling request on a first resource, where a time length of the first resource is equal to the first time length, and the scheduling request is used to request the data transmission resource.

Abstract: In response to a metric (e.g., Doppler metric) exceeding a threshold, a network node device can facilitate transmitting a message instructing a user equipment to enable reception of transmission signals having a precoding rank value of one. The network node device can send a reference signal having the precoding rank value of one, and receive feedback from the user equipment comprising an indicator of channel quality. Optionally, in response to the metric exceeding a threshold, the network node device can facilitate transmitting a message instructing the user equipment to respond to a reference signal by providing feedback comprising a first indicator of rank having a value of one, and a second indicator of channel quality.

Abstract: A method and to a device for adjusting at least one parameter of a communication system between two subscribers, wherein at least one parameter is changed based on an estimated future channel quality, wherein the device is configured so that at least one current position of a mobile subscriber at a point in time is detected or ascertained and a future position and environment is estimated based on the current position and an environment model, wherein the channel quality for a future point in time is estimated therefrom, wherein at least one parameter of the communication system is set based on the estimation, wherein the communication system performs an OFDM modulation, wherein the at least one parameter is a cyclic prefix of a transmit symbol.

Abstract: A method of receiving multicast transmission from a base station includes receiving allocation information about a feedback channel including a plurality of resources shared by another terminal, determining feedback information based on an estimated channel with the base station, determining a plurality of transmission power levels respectively corresponding to the plurality of resources based on the feedback information, and transmitting channel feedback to the base station on the feedback channel based on the plurality of transmission power levels.

Abstract: A transmission method includes: a terminal device receives an uplink grant from a base station; and the terminal device sends a report to the base station, where the report includes a power headroom of each of at least one uplink subcarrier, and/or a power headroom of each of at least one bandwidth part. According to the uplink data transmission method, the terminal device, and the base station in embodiments of this disclosure, a power headroom can be reported at a finer granularity.

Abstract: A signal protector utilizes a variable latency station to provide error correction.

Abstract: An iterative detection and decoding (IDD) circuit is provided. The iterative detection and decoding (IDD) circuit is configured to perform M outer iterations on a received signal, and Ni inner iterations are performed during the ith outer iteration of the M outer iterations, where M is an integer greater than 1, i is an integer less than or equal to M, and N1 to NM are integers and include at least two different values.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for transmitting an uplink signal and a downlink signal. A method for transmitting an uplink signal comprises detecting whether there is a beam failure; if there is a beam failure, determining at least one of whether there is a candidate downlink transmission beam(s) or candidate downlink transmission beam information; and transmitting a beam failure recovery request message to a base station, the beam failure recovery request message being used for informing the base station of at least one of whether there is a candidate downlink transmission beam(s) or candidate downlink transmission beam information. A method for transmitting a downlink signal comprises detecting a beam failure recovery request message, determining at least one of whether there is a candidate downlink transmission beam(s) or candidate downlink transmission beam information in the UE; and transmitting a feedback message corresponding to the beam failure recovery request message.

Abstract: A coding and modulation apparatus and method are presented. The apparatus (10) comprises an encoder (11) that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator (12) that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. The modulator (12) is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB, a non-uniform constellation from a group of constellations comprising one or more of predetermined constellations defined by the constellation position vector w0 . . . b?1, wherein b=M/4.

Abstract: A two-stage downlink control channel is provided for a wireless communication system. In one example, an apparatus comprises a processor, and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operation can comprise: transmitting a first portion of a downlink control channel to a mobile device according to a first specification of parameters; and transmitting a second portion of the downlink control channel to the mobile device according to a second specification of the parameters, wherein the second specification of the parameters is adaptively determined based on a condition of an environment in which the first portion of the downlink control channel is transmitted and wherein the second portion is dictated by the first specification of parameters.